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This study aims to analyze and compare the poems Anant Prem by Rabindranath Tagore and Tentu, Kau Boleh by Sapardi Djoko Damono. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach focusing on several literary aspects, namely the central theme, tone and atmosphere, diction, characterization, conceptual meaning of love, and philosophical perspective. The findings indicate that both poems share similarities in presenting love as a profound emotional experience, expressed through intimate and reflective nuances. Each poem portrays emotionally intertwined characters whose inner experiences revolve around the presence of love as a central force. Despite these similarities, the two poems differ significantly in how they interpret and narrate love. In Anant Prem, Tagore frames love as eternal and transcendent, surpassing the confines of time and space. This creates a contemplative and spiritual tone supported by metaphorical and symbolic diction. Meanwhile, Tentu, Kau Boleh portrays love as an immediate and personal experience rooted in everyday human interactions. Sapardi expresses love through calm, straightforward language that reflects simplicity and emotional closeness. Philosophically, Tagore positions love as part of cosmic existence, whereas Sapardi views it as a presence embodied in the warmth and intimacy of daily human life. These distinctions highlight how cultural background, worldview, and poetic tradition influence the depiction of love in both works.

This study analyzes the role of families and caregivers at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya Denpasar in implementing elderly care programs and examines the implications of these programs for the quality of life of older adults. Using a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Two theoretical frameworks guided the analysis: Carrolyn Smith-Morris’ Social Support Theory, which highlights the importance of emotional, informational, and instrumental support for elderly well-being, and Robert J. Havighurst’s Activity Theory, which states that active involvement in social, physical, and spiritual activities enhances happiness and life satisfaction in old age. The findings show that families’ involvement remains limited due to time and distance constraints, yet their emotional presence still contributes positively to the psychological comfort of the elderly. Caregivers play a dominant role in meeting the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual needs of residents. The care program demonstrates positive implications, including improved health stability, increased social interaction, strengthened feelings of appreciation, and enhanced spiritual peace. Additionally, Balinese cultural values such as tatwam asi and menyama braya reinforce empathy, togetherness, and respectful relationships within the care system. The study concludes that synergy between families, caregivers, and local cultural values forms a crucial foundation for a meaningful and humane elderly care system.  

Marriage preparation courses have become increasingly important for couples who wish to build a strong foundation for their relationships. These courses provide couples with the tools to understand and navigate their roles and responsibilities in a marriage. For Catholic couples, attending marriage preparation courses is seen as an essential step in preparing for a lifelong commitment, in accordance with the teachings of the Catholic Church. According to John Paul II (1981) in Familiaris Consortio, a document that outlines the duties and responsibilities of families, the preparation for marriage should be holistic, addressing not only the emotional and social aspects but also the spiritual and theological dimensions of family life. This study specifically aims to explore the meaning and impact of marriage preparation courses on the happiness of Catholic families at the St. Paul Beganding station. Using a qualitative approach, the research employed a combination of observation, interviews, and documentation techniques to gather data. The study involved 12 informants, including five married couples who had attended marriage preparation courses, one Porhanger (a community leader), and one parish priest under the St. Peter and Paul Kabanjahe parish. The findings reveal that marriage preparation courses had a significant and positive effect on the happiness of Catholic families, particularly those at the St. Paul Beganding station. The course content provided couples with a deeper understanding of their roles and duties as spouses and parents, allowing them to build stronger, more resilient relationships. Participants expressed that the courses helped them address challenges more effectively and fostered a greater sense of commitment and mutual respect. This, in turn, contributed to the overall happiness of their families. Couples who had attended the course reported stronger emotional and spiritual connections, further emphasizing the importance of comprehensive marriage preparation for long-term marital success.

This study analyzes the role of families and caregivers at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha Wana Seraya Denpasar in implementing elderly care programs and examines the implications of these programs for the quality of life of older adults. Using a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach, data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Two theoretical frameworks guided the analysis: Carrolyn Smith-Morris’ Social Support Theory, which highlights the importance of emotional, informational, and instrumental support for elderly well-being, and Robert J. Havighurst’s Activity Theory, which states that active involvement in social, physical, and spiritual activities enhances happiness and life satisfaction in old age. The findings show that families’ involvement remains limited due to time and distance constraints, yet their emotional presence still contributes positively to the psychological comfort of the elderly. Caregivers play a dominant role in meeting the physical, social, emotional, and spiritual needs of residents. The care program demonstrates positive implications, including improved health stability, increased social interaction, strengthened feelings of appreciation, and enhanced spiritual peace. Additionally, Balinese cultural values such as tatwam asi and menyama braya reinforce empathy, togetherness, and respectful relationships within the care system. The study concludes that synergy between families, caregivers, and local cultural values forms a crucial foundation for a meaningful and humane elderly care system.  

In Islam, the family is a spiritual institution that plays a central role in shaping human psychological and moral balance. However, modernization, individualism, and value disorientation have led to rising psychological crises and disharmony in Muslim households. This issue requires a scientific approach that goes beyond legal-normative perspectives toward an integrative psychological understanding. This study aims to analyze the concept of Sakinah, Mawaddah, and Rahmah from a psychological perspective to formulate a contextual and applicable model of family well-being. The research employs a qualitative library research method by synthesizing Islamic sources (Qur’an, Hadith, and classical scholarship) with contemporary psychological theories of emotional well-being and spiritual intelligence. The findings reveal that Sakinah represents spiritual-emotional equilibrium, Mawaddah functions as an ethical and transcendental affective energy, and Rahmah embodies compassionate empathy that nurtures healing and forgiveness. Together, these values constitute the Islamic Family Well-Being Model, an integrative paradigm that situates spirituality as emotional regulation, love as affective force, and compassion as moral regulator. This model asserts that genuine harmony in Muslim families can only be achieved through psycho-spiritual balance grounded in divine values.

Minority clients’ self-confidence is often influenced by various obstacles that arise within the context of multicultural counseling. These obstacles can be internal or external, including experiences of discrimination, social prejudice, language differences, and conflicts related to cultural identity. Counselors who are not sensitive to clients’ cultural and social dynamics risk reinforcing low self-confidence and hindering the counseling process. This study aims to analyze these barriers and identify effective intervention strategies to enhance minority clients’ self-confidence. The method used is a comprehensive literature review of studies related to multicultural counseling, self-esteem, and empowerment of minority clients. The analysis shows that culturally-based counseling approaches, adaptive communication, and the application of empowerment techniques can help clients overcome psychological and social barriers. Additionally, creating an inclusive and emotionally safe counseling environment has been proven to increase client engagement and strengthen self-confidence. This study emphasizes the importance of multicultural training for counselors and the implementation of strategies that respect clients’ cultural identities. The findings provide practical implications for counselors to develop effective interventions that support the psychological well-being of minority clients.

Student sports achievements is not only determined by physical ability, but also by the balance of physical fitness and emotional management. At SMA N 1 Bojong, students in the Special Sports Class (KKO) still face challenges such as such as a lack of understanding of targeted physical fitness, low awareness of healthy lifestyles, and suboptimal emotional regulation. These issues may affect their athletic performance and achievement potential. This community service program aims to provide comprehensive education on the importance of physical fitness and emotional management in supporting sports achievements. The program is expected to increase students’ understanding, reduce injury risks, enhance focus, and build mental resilience among KKO students. The outreach activity was conducted by lecturers and university students in one day and covered two main aspects, namely education on physical fitness and emotional management. The activity applied a participatory approach that actively involved students in theoretical learning, practical sessions, and evaluation through pre-test and post-test assessments. Based on the results, the average pre-test score was 70.7 and the average post-test score was 95.7, indicating an improvement in students’ understanding of both physical fitness and emotional management. It can be concluded that this community service activity successfully improved students’ comprehension regarding physical fitness and emotional management as key factors that support sports achievement. In addition to increasing knowledge, this program also instilled positive values so that students can become athletes who are physically healthy, emotionally intelligent, and strong in character.

This study aims to determine the influence of parenting styles on the social development of early childhood at the Al-Fajril Ulum Preschool and Kindergarten (PAUD TPA Al-Fajril Ulum). Observations were conducted to analyze how four types of parenting styles democratic, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful influence children's social skills in the context of interaction, communication, decision-making, and the ability to establish relationships with peers. The study used a quantitative method with an ex post facto design, involving a sample of 8 children. Data collection instruments included questionnaires and observation sheets for children's social development based on indicators for each parenting style. The results showed that democratic parenting had the most significant positive influence on children's social development, marked by an increase in children's ability to express opinions, cooperate, respect others, and demonstrate social independence. Conversely, authoritarian and neglectful parenting styles had negative influences due to low emotional warmth, lack of dialogue, and minimal stimulation received by children. Permissive parenting showed a positive influence but not as strong as democratic parenting due to weak parental boundaries and control. Overall, the research findings confirm that the quality of parenting styles plays a direct role in shaping the social behavior of early childhood.

This study explores the representation of hegemonic masculinity in The Super Mario Bros (2023), focusing on the character Bowser as a central figure of dominance and authority. Using Connell’s (2005) theory of hegemonic masculinity, this research identifies the masculine traits manifested through Bowser’s verbal and non-verbal expressions. The study employed a qualitative descriptive method with textual analysis on thirty selected scenes from the film. The findings reveal that Bowser exhibits all seven traits of hegemonic masculinity, including aggression and competition, dominance and control, physical strength, emotional restraint, risk-taking, sexual conquest, and self-confidence. Among these, aggression and competition (23.3%) and dominance and control (20%) are the most prominent. Bowser’s masculinity reflects how patriarchal ideals are embedded within modern animated cinema, emphasizing control, strength, and emotional suppression. This study contributes to the understanding of how traditional masculinity continues to be reproduced in contemporary media, influencing audience perceptions of male identity and power.

This community service activity aimed to enhance the self-confidence of early childhood learners through the Janger Dance Movement, used as an art- and culture-based learning medium. The program was implemented at TK Prawidya Dharma in Demulih Village, Bangli, involving children aged 5–6 years and their teachers. A qualitative descriptive method was applied using the Participatory Action Learning System (PALS) approach, which emphasizes active engagement, reflection, and participatory learning. The results showed a significant improvement in the children's self-confidence, evidenced by their increased willingness to perform in public, improved social interaction, and more expressive emotional behavior. Teachers also benefited from enhanced pedagogical competence, particularly in integrating cultural and artistic elements into meaningful classroom practices. The Janger Dance Movement proved to be an effective pedagogical strategy for fostering self-confidence, independence, and social development in early childhood education. This approach not only helped children build self-esteem but also encouraged them to engage in creative expression, while allowing teachers to gain valuable experience in incorporating cultural arts into their teaching practices.

The development of digital technology has brought about major changes in the spread of da'wah and the implementation of Islamic counseling. Da'wah that used to focus on face-to-face is now transformed through social media and digital platforms, so that religious messages can reach a wider audience without time and space limitations. Digital media presents opportunities for da'i to convey da'wah with varied and interesting content, especially for the younger generation. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of direct emotional interaction and the difficulty of monitoring potentially deviant content. Meanwhile, Islamic counseling in the digital era is developing through online services, either through websites, telephones, chats, and video conferences. These services facilitate access to counselling, reduce distance barriers and social stigma, and provide flexible counseling alternatives. However, online counseling also has weaknesses, such as limitations in reading body language, network technical constraints, and counselors' skills that are not optimal in utilizing technology. Thus, Islamic da'wah and counseling in the digital era require the readiness of human resources, mastery of technology, and the application of good ethics in order to run effectively, professionally, and provide wide benefits to society.

The rapid development of technology and the dynamic global labor market require young generations, particularly Generation Z, to possess career readiness that is determined not only by technical skills but also by non-technical competencies, or soft skills. This study aims to analyze the role of soft skills, particularly creativity, in shaping the career preparedness and success of Generation Z. Literature synthesis indicates that Generation Z excels in digital literacy and technological adaptability but still faces challenges in social and emotional competencies, such as effective communication, empathy, and cross-generational collaboration. The imbalance between hard skills and soft skills affects work effectiveness, career mobility, and the ability to build professional networks. Creativity emerges as a strategic soft skill that enhances motivation, innovation, and productivity, and can be developed through the integration of soft and hard skills, project-based learning approaches, educational technology, and the strengthening of self-efficacy. The study also identifies challenges in fostering creativity in real workplace environments, including hierarchical organizational cultures and limited mechanisms for rewarding new ideas. Based on these findings, it is recommended that educational institutions, industries, and policymakers collaborate to create a sustainable ecosystem for soft skills development, enabling Generation Z to become innovative and adaptive change agents in a competitive global career landscape.  

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and often leads to fatigue, mobility impairments, and psychological issues such as anxiety and depression, all of which significantly reduce the quality of life of those affected. Yoga therapy, as a holistic non-pharmacological approach, has gained attention as an alternative rehabilitative intervention for MS patients. Objective: The aim of this review is to literatureally examine the effectiveness of yoga therapy on the physical and psychological aspects of individuals with MS, with a particular focus on the duration, frequency, and forms of yoga practice used. Methods: The method employed in this study was a literature literature search across databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ResearchGate, using clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 15 articles with experimental and quasi-experimental research designs published within the past 10 years were analyzed in this review. Result: The results indicate that yoga is effective in reducing fatigue levels, improving balance and muscle strength, and enhancing daily physical functioning. Psychologically, yoga has been shown to significantly reduce anxiety, stress, and depression, while also improving self-efficacy, focus, and emotional quality of life. Conclusion: In conclusion, yoga is a safe and effective intervention that can serve as a complementary rehabilitative strategy in the management of MS, both physically and psychologically, although further research with stronger methodologies is needed to support its implementation in clinical practice.

The phenomenon of introduction through social media has become very common in this digital era. Social media offers ease and efficiency in introducing individuals to others, allowing them to meet, interact, and build relationships in a different way than traditional methods. However, the introduction of a partner through social media also brings its own challenges, emotional manipulation, and limitations in understanding the partner in depth. In the context of Catholic marriage, this phenomenon poses a serious challenge to canonical law. Canon law strictly regulates marriage in order to remain faithful to the Church's teaching of lifelong union and openness to procreation. However, the introduction of a couple through social media can affect the validity of the agreement, psychological readiness, and understanding of the nature of marriage. The Church needs to meet these challenges with a new pastoral approach, including the development of specific guidelines for the companionship of couples who start relationships through social media. This approach includes strengthening more intensive and comprehensive pastoral mentoring, utilizing social media as a tool for education and counseling and reminding couples of the importance of transparency and honesty in relationships. Thus, the Church faces the challenge of ensuring the psychological readiness of both parties and helping couples to understand more deeply about the marital commitments they make and to maintain the values of the sacrament of marriage in an ever-evolving digital world.

This study aims to analyze the role of catechesis in preparing couples for marriage in the Catholic Church comprehensively, encompassing theological, spiritual, mental, and emotional dimensions. The background of this study is based on the phenomenon that some couples still enter into marriage without adequate faith preparation, thus implicating a low understanding of the meaning of the sacrament of marriage as a holy and inseparable life partnership. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a Likert-scale questionnaire as the data collection technique. The research instrument was compiled based on three main indicators, namely understanding the teachings of the sacrament, family function, and church life. Data were analyzed descriptively to measure respondents' perceptions of the effectiveness of catechesis in preparing for Catholic marriage. The results showed that the role of catechesis obtained a high average score of 37.34, with 83.87% of respondents in the strongly agree category. This indicates that catechesis plays a significant role in shaping the spiritual and psychological readiness of prospective couples. The implications of this research confirm that catechesis does not only function as a process of teaching faith, but also as an integral pastoral tool in building Catholic families based on love, loyalty, and Christian responsibility, and contributes to strengthening the faith of the church community. .

This community service (PkM) was conducted to address problems related to the convergence law, sensitive periods, and developmental tempo among students (santri) at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Zainul Hasan 1 Genggong. The main issues included an imbalance in development (cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual) due to fragmented learning approaches, missed stimulation during the sensitive periods, and a uniform approach that disregarded individual developmental tempo. The objective of this PkM was to provide an understanding of these concepts to both the students and the administrators, and to establish a more effective and adaptive learning approach. The methodology employed a qualitative approach with strategies such as participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD), involving the Area D Administrators and students of Pondok MTs Zainul Hasan 1 Genggong. The results of the mentoring for Area D students demonstrated that their development became more balanced and integrated (convergence law), stimulation was provided during the appropriate sensitive periods, and mentoring was adjusted to the individual developmental tempo. These changes resulted in holistic progress, stronger skill formation among the students, and an increase in their learning motivation.

This study aims to identify and analyze viewers' motives in watching fashion review content on the YouTube platform. The study was conducted in Semarang City during the period from October 1 to October 31, 2025 with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include documentation and observation of audience behavior and the content displayed. The results showed that the main motives of viewers included searching for product references, obtaining tips and guides, comparing products, as well as social validation and credibility from reviewers. In addition to the informative aspect, the entertainment dimension is also a significant factor that drives interest in watching. Psychological satisfaction such as pleasure, relaxation, and emotional fulfillment become part of the viewing experience, especially when filling your free time. Viewers also show interest in the vlogger's personality, communicative delivery style, and visually appealing video production quality. The aesthetic pleasure of creatively packaged fashion looks also strengthens the appeal of the content. These findings suggest that the motivation for watching is not only functional but also emotional and aesthetic. The implications of this study can be input for fashion content creators in designing more effective and attractive delivery strategies, as well as for fashion industry players to understand the behavior of digital consumers in accessing product information through social media.

The rapid growth of social media as a primary channel for information dissemination has triggered a significant surge in the distribution of hoaxes, potentially damaging social order, instigating mass disinformation, and threatening national security. This research aims to design an intelligent algorithm for hoax detection by integrating a critical thinking approach into Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based text processing. The algorithmic model is built using a combination of linguistic features, argument logic, and cognitive indicators such as the detection of unsubstantiated claims, identification of source bias, and evidence testing. To ensure accountability and transparency of the system, an Explainable AI (XAI) approach is applied so that classification results can be understood by non-technical users. The research results show that integrating critical thinking significantly improves detection accuracy to 93.1%, with an increase in precision and recall for detecting hoaxes based on emotional narratives. Beyond technical aspects, this model aligns with the mandate of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions (ITE Law), particularly Article 28 paragraph (1), which prohibits the dissemination of false and misleading news that harms the public. Therefore, this system is not only scientifically relevant but also supports law enforcement and strengthens digital literacy in the post-truth era. These findings are expected to be a strategic contribution to the development of an ethical, critical, and responsible digital ecosystem.

This study aims to analyze the role of TikTok as a digital marketing tool in increasing the number of streams and musicians' income, with a case study of the viralization of the song "Mangu" by Fourtwnty. Using a qualitative approach with a case study method, this study explores the dynamics of the virality of music content on the TikTok platform and its impact on the digital music ecosystem. The results show that the virality of songs is not solely triggered by algorithms, but also by the power of emotional narratives, the relevance of lyrics to the user experience, and the active participation of the audience in the form of production. This phenomenon is driving cross-platform conversions, where TikTok users are switching to streaming services such as Spotify and YouTube, thereby increasing digital royalties and opening up live performance opportunities for musicians. Organic marketing strategies based on audience engagement have proven to be effective in creating broad and sustainable exposure, especially among the digital native generation. This research confirms that TikTok is not only an entertainment platform, but also a strategic medium in building music branding and monetizing works creatively. These findings provide important implications for independent musicians and the music industry in designing adaptive and participatory promotional strategies in an increasingly competitive digital economy.

Background: Early marriage remains prevalent among adolescents aged 15–19 years, a period during which individuals are often medically and psychologically unprepared to assume marital responsibilities. Decisions to marry early are influenced by internal factors such as psychological readiness, emotional maturity, and critical thinking ability, as well as external factors including family pressure, cultural norms, and economic challenges. Objective: This study aims to explore the factors influencing adolescents' decisions to engage in early marriage and examine its impacts on their lives. Method: This research employed a qualitative descriptive design. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 10 adolescents who had experienced early marriage. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and document review, and analyzed thematically. Results: The primary factors contributing to early marriage in Delu Depa Village, Kodi Bangedo District, were premarital pregnancy (2 cases), economic hardship (4 cases), and limited educational attainment (4 cases). The consequences included psychological, health, and social impacts. Psychologically, participants reported experiencing stress, anxiety, and depression. Health-related risks included complications associated with immature reproductive organs, such as premature birth, obstructed labor, and preeclampsia. Social impacts included stigma, limited social interaction, school dropout, and employment in low-skilled jobs to fulfill daily needs. Conclusion: Early marriage poses significant risks to adolescents' psychological well-being, physical health, and social functioning. Strengthened preventive efforts and targeted interventions are needed to reduce its prevalence and mitigate negative consequences.