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Background: Spinal anesthesia is a procedure that involves administering drugs through the lumbar interspinous gap into the subarachnoid space. Hypothermia, a condition in which the body's core temperature drops below 36°C, carries a higher risk in the elderly and can cause serious perioperative complications. Body Mass Index (BMI) is an important parameter used to assess nutritional status, closely related to obesity and body fat mass, and can influence the body's response to anesthesia. Objective: This study aims to identify the relationship between hypothermia and age and BMI in post-spinal anesthesia patients at RSI Muhammadiyah Tegal. Method: This observational research with a cross-sectional design involved 73 samples selected through purposive sampling, with data analyzed using the Spearman Rank test to test the correlation between variables. Results: Most respondents were aged 19-44 (60.3%) and female (71.2%). As many as 58.9% of respondents experienced mild hypothermia, and 49,3% had normal BMI (18.5-25.5). The Spearman Rank test results showed a significant relationship between hypothermia and age and BMI after spinal anesthesia (p=0.008, P<0.05). Conclusion: There is a substantial association between hypothermia and age and BMI post-spinal anesthesia, indicating the importance of monitoring these factors perioperatively to reduce the risk of possible complications

Oral health is an important aspect in maintaining the quality of life of the elderly. However, the elderly often face challenges in maintaining oral hygiene due to decreased physical abilities, changes in cognitive status, and lack of knowledge and access to dental health services. This study aims to identify factors that influence oral hygiene in the elderly and to develop an effective community-based intervention to improve oral hygiene among the elderly. The methods used in this study included a survey of knowledge, attitudes, and oral hygiene practices before and after counseling, as well as direct observation of oral hygiene in 50 elderly in the local community. The intervention was carried out through counseling, training, and providing support from family and community. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge of the elderly, from 60% before counseling to 85% after. Positive attitudes also increased, with more than 80% of the elderly showing a stronger intention to maintain oral hygiene independently. Oral hygiene practices also improved, with 75% of participants reporting brushing their teeth at least twice a day after the intervention, compared to 40% before the intervention. In addition, family and community support play an important role in facilitating these behavioral changes. The conclusion of this study is that a comprehensive community-based intervention is effective in improving oral hygiene in the elderly. This approach, which combines education, attitude change, and social support, can be a model adopted in oral health programs in other communities to improve the quality of life of the elderly.

Hypertension, often called the "silent killer," is a leading non-communicable disease contributing to high mortality and morbidity, particularly in the elderly. As individuals age, peripheral blood vessel elasticity decreases, increasing vascular resistance and leading to systolic hypertension, commonly seen in older adults. Hypertension requires long-term treatment, which can result in non-compliance among elderly patients. Family support plays a crucial role in assisting and encouraging adherence to treatment regimens. This quantitative correlation study, with a cross-sectional approach, aimed to examine the relationship between emotional family support and treatment compliance in elderly hypertensive patients. The study was conducted at the Sei Agul Health Center, with a sample size of 65 elderly individuals selected using the Slovin formula and purposive sampling technique in October 2023. The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used to measure treatment compliance, while the emotional support instrument was developed by the researcher. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, showing a significant relationship between emotional family support and treatment compliance (p-value < 0.05). The findings conclude that emotional support from family positively influences the compliance of elderly patients undergoing hypertension treatment at the Sei Agul Health Center. Health workers are encouraged to involve families in supporting hypertensive patients to enhance treatment outcomes.

Herbal plants or often known as TOGA family medicinal plants are very diverse, the benefits of this family of medicinal plants are very diverse, ranging from curing flu to other serious illnesses. In life from ancient times until now, there are known methods of treatment, both chemical and herbal/traditional. Bay leaf is a plant with the Latin name Syzygium polyanthum which is one of the herbs most often used in traditional Indonesian cooking. Not only delicious food, the benefits of bay leaves also penetrate the world of health and beauty in the form of leaf decoction and bay leaf extract. Bay leaf extract also has benefits as a natural insecticide. One way to improve the body's immune system is by consuming substances or substances that are immunomodulatory. Immunomodulators are substances or drugs that can modulate the function and activity of the immune system. Immunomodulators can be obtained from traditional medicinal plants, such as turmeric, ginger and galangal. These three plants are native to Indonesia and have been used for generations to relieve various diseases. The aim of this community service activity is to provide education to elderly people about the use of bay leaves and galangal in relation to immunity and natural insecticides at Posyandu Beringin V, West Kedungwuni District.

Elderly individuals constitute a demographic group vulnerable to various degenerative diseases due to the aging process. Enhancing the importance of adopting healthy lifestyles among the elderly has become a primary focus in efforts to improve their quality of life. Education on healthy living plays a crucial role in aiding the elderly in understanding and implementing healthy behaviors. Through directed educational approaches, seniors can acquire knowledge regarding the significance of aspects such as balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, stress management, as well as adherence to medication and routine health check-ups. With an increased awareness of the importance of healthy lifestyles, the elderly can reduce the risk of various chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis, and cancer. Furthermore, adopting healthy lifestyles can also enhance independence and overall quality of life in the elderly. Therefore, sustained educational efforts by healthcare professionals and families are essential to provide a profound understanding of the importance of healthy living among the elderly, enabling them to lead their later years with optimal quality of life.

The objectives of this community service (PKM) are (1) Increasing the entrepreneurial capacity building of UPPKA Kelut Makmur (Klagen-Wilayut Makmur) cadres in Wilayut Village, (2) UPPKA Kelut Makmur cadres have the provision of soft skills and hard skills to carry out businesses with competitive advantages, (3) Ice Cream Products "Food Healty" can be developed for business. The target is 15 UPPKA Kelut Makmur cadres who are members who manage village businesses. The problems faced are: a. Do not have capacity building as a provision for the ability to do business; b. Limited facilities and infrastructure; d. Lack of product creativity; e. Lack of product creativity. Lack of product creativity; e. Competence of managers who are still conventional; f. Do not have an integrated business model. Not having an integrated business model. The solution to the problem is an entrepreneurship training programme, through the concept of creative business through electronic media based on socio-technopreneurship. The ice cream business will be developed to be distributed to toddler and elderly posyandu and general customers. The programmes carried out are: conducting a business development programme workshop. The results of PkM are improving soft skills and hard skills of UPPKA Kelut Makmur members as novice business people.

Ostheoporosis is a systemic bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone microarchitecture so that bones become brittle and break easily.The purpose of this outreach is specifically to increase awareness among the elderly about the importance of maintaining bone health, apart from that, it also increases knowledge that osteoporosis can be prevented in various ways and by reducing the pain that arises. The method for the presentation of material about the elderly and ostheoporosis accompanied by the practice of osteoporosis exercises with midwives and the elderly in Pucangan Baru II Village, Rt02/Rw07, Pucangan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo. The results of the counseling in Pucangan Baru II Village, Rt02/Rw07, Pucangan, Kartasura, Sukoharjo showed extraordinary participation, marked by the elderly/audience being very enthusiastic about taking part in Osteoporosis exercises and the audience also felt comfortable when learning the Breathing Relaxation Method provided.

Insomnia is one of the main disorders in initiating and maintaining sleep among the elderly. Insomnia is defined as a complaint about a lack of quality sleep caused by one of the reasons why it is difficult to get into sleep, frequent awakenings at night and then difficulty getting back to sleep, waking up too early, and not sleeping well. The poor quality of sleep in the elderly is caused by increased sleep latency, reduced sleep efficiency and early awakening due to the aging process. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on insomnia in the elderly in posbindu, patikraja village. This type of research is one group pretest-posttest with pre-experimental. The sample size used in this study was 19 respondents. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire. The statistical test used in this study was the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test with 0.05. The results of this study note that there are differences before and after being given progressive muscle relaxation therapy. The results of the analysis of the Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test obtained a p value of 0.000 <0.05, meaning that there is an effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy on changes in insomnia in the elderly in Posbindu, Patikraja Village.

The prevalence of gout in Indonesia is the fourth largest country in the world whose population suffers from gout. 35% of gout occurs in men over the age of 45 years. Joint disease in those aged 55-64 years is 45%. Age 65-74 years 51.9%. Age ≥ 75 years 54.8%. The incidence of joint disease based on diagnosis by health workers in Indonesia is 7.3 and based on diagnosis or symptoms 24.7% (RISKESDAS, 2018). This type of research is quantitative using a quasi-experimental research method with pre-test and post-test with control methods. The population of all elderly people suffering from gout who underwent examination and treatment in the Batu Aji Health Center UPT area, namely 140 people as of April 2021. The number of samples in this study was 30 people, divided into 15 elderly people in the experimental group and 15 elderly people in the experimental group. Control. Based on the results of research and data processing that has been carried out by researchers, regarding the effect of boiling bay leaf water on reducing uric acid levels in the elderly in the Batu Aji Health Center UPT area, Batam City in 2021 with a total of 30 respondents, consisting of 15 intervention groups and 15 control groups . The research carried out not only provides conclusions but also provides suggestions to various parties to help improve health and prevent complications in gout patients.

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and heart disease are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly (elderly). The elderly need early detection and health promotion to reduce the risk of NCD complications and improve quality of life. This activity aims to increase awareness and understanding of elderly people in Barusari Village regarding the importance of early detection and control of NCDs, as well as providing health education through community-based health promotion. Implementation Method: Free Health Check: Carry out a health check to detect early signs of NCDs, such as measuring blood pressure, blood sugar levels, and checking cholesterol. Community-Based Health Promotion: Holding a health promotion campaign involving community leaders, elderly families, and health workers to create an environment that supports a healthy lifestyle for the elderly. Results: Increased public awareness about the importance of early detection and prevention of NCD complications. Elderly people who take part in health checks gain knowledge about their health conditions and are given referrals to health facilities if necessary. Conclusion: This activity was successful in increasing elderly participation in early detection and health promotion, as well as forming a community that is more concerned about controlling NCDs in the elderly group.

Uric acid is a metabolic waste in the form of purine crystals that are naturally present in the blood. Normal uric acid levels in the blood of adult men are 3.5 – 7.2 mm/dl and in women 2.6 – 6.0 mg/dl. Purine substances are natural substances which are one of a group of chemical structures that make up DNA and RNA derived from the body's own production and from food. This study aims to determine the relationship of knowledge and behavior of the elderly to the prevention of increased gout at the Tampahan Health Center, Tampahan District, Toba Regency. This research was conducted from  Oktober to Desember 2023. Behavioral relationships. This research is a quantitative study using a Cross-sectional Design. The population in this study were all gout sufferers who came for treatment at the Tampahan Health Center, Tampahan  District, Toba Regency. The sample size was 35 respondents using a questionnaire. Data analysis used Chi-square test with significance level = 0.05. From the results of research on 35 respondents showed that the majority were knowledgeable enough as many as 20 people (57.1%), the majority of behavior was in the good category as many as 17 people (48.6%). While the majority for prevention in the good category were 27 people (80.0%). There is no relationship between the knowledge of the elderly about gout and the prevention of increased gout where X2 count < X2 table and there is a relationship between the behavior of the elderly with gout on the prevention of increased gout where the chi-square test X2 count > X2 table. For the elderly with gout to further increase their knowledge about preventing an increase in uric acid and pay attention to their health, especially in reducing consumption of high-protein foods and diligently self-examination to the health center.

The background of this literature review study is the many people still suffer from mental illnesses, and the number of people who suffer from them is growing every year. Types of mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress, hallucinations, and others. The purpose of this literature is to see how efficient Classical Music Therapy is at lowering the rate of mental problems in people of all ages, from children to the elderly. The method of literature review review was obtained using the keywords "efficacy of classical music treatment," "impact of classical music therapy," and "mental problems" in the Google Scholar, Garuda, and Mendeley databases. The results of the literature review study based on fifteen journals that have been presented that classical music therapy is effective in reducing the rate of mental disorders in children to the elderly. The journal review found that: 1) Depression is reduced; 2) Anxiety is reduced; 3) Stress is reduced; 4) Hallucinations are reduced; and 5) The psychological improvement. Conclusions from the study of literature, that classical music therapy reduces the risk of mental problems in people of all ages, from children to the elderly This literature review study suggests that classical music therapy can be utilized as a non-pharmacological treatment for those suffering from mental illnesses.    

Indonesia is starting to enter a period of population aging where there is an increase in life expectancy followed by an increase in the number of elderly people which is predicted to continue to increase until 2035 to 48.2% of people (15.77%). Maluku recorded the highest number of hypertension cases in Maluku Province with a total of 25,410 cases in 2020. The aim of implementing community service activities in Hitu Village is to increase community awareness, especially the elderly, regarding the dangers and prevention of hypertension. The activities carried out were elderly gymnastics and continued with socialization in Waimolong Hamlet using the question and answer discussion method. The results of the community service implementation went smoothly and enthusiastically from the participants, as seen from the participant attendance list of more than 25 people, based on the results of questions and answers and interviews, the participants were able to understand that hypertension can be prevented and controlled by living a healthy lifestyle, eating healthy foods. being nutritious, doing physical activity, not smoking or reducing the number of cigarettes consumed per day and carrying out regular health checks at the local health center. There needs to be regular exercise activities carried out in Waimolong Hamlet.

The importance of physical activity for the elderly in an effort to support indicators of healthy Indonesia, namely increasing the Life Expectancy of the Indonesian people. The purpose of this socialization is to find out the elderly's routine in daily activities to support Activity Daily Living (ADL). The method used in this outreach was the lecture and question and answer method, then questionnaires were distributed before and after the counseling to determine the elderly's understanding regarding physical activity. Suggestions for this activity are the elderly in Cot Yang Village, Aceh Besar District. This socialization activity was carried out for 1 hour. The results obtained from this socialization activity were that there was a change in the understanding of the elderly regarding physical activities carried out in daily activities. At this activity Mr. Geusyik, Village Secretary and Cot Yang Village Cadres along with 18 elderly people were present. Held on Friday 12 January 2024 at the Cot Yang Village multipurpose hall, at 09:00 WIB. This socialization activity was carried out by lecturers and Diploma Three Nursing students.

The risk of falling is an incident reported by the sufferer or family who saw the incident, which resulted in a person suddenly falling down, sitting on the floor or a lower place with or without loss of consciousness or injury. Based on an initial survey at the Posyandu Lansia Akbar (Elderly Center) in the working area of ​​the Puskesmas Jembatan Kecil (Community Health Center), it was found that some health problems which are still often experienced by the elderly are degenerative diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and perceptual and sensory disorders that leads in decreasing balance, muscle strength and flexibility. These problems put elderly at high risk of falls. To reduce the risk of falls in the elderly, it is necessary to provide preventive, curative and collaborative health services in the form of health education and assistance with balance exercises. So the Community Service Team provides health education on preventing the risk of falls in the elderly.

Basalioma, also known as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is the most common skin malignancy found throughout the world. Basaliomas commonly occur in the elderly population, which is associated with cumulative sun exposure and other exogenous damage. Older (65–79 years) to very old (>80 years) white individuals showed the highest increase in basalioma incidence rates. In Indonesia, data from the Cancer Registration Agency in 2009 shows that skin cancer ranks 4th out of the 10 most common types of cancer. The most common location is in the nose area. The incidence of metastasis is 0.01-0.1%, and occurs lymphogenously and hematogenously. The most significant causes are exposure to ultraviolet radiation and genetic predisposition. Basaliomas tend to occur in areas of chronic sun exposure and therefore the majority, about 74%, occur on the head, face and neck. Basaliomas usually arise from the lowest layers of the epidermis, although a small number may originate from the outer root sheath of the pilosebaceous unit. The incidence of basalioma is directly proportional to age and inversely proportional to the amount of melanin pigment in the epidermis. Surgery remains the first line of treatment for this disease. Surgical modalities include electrodessication, curettage, excision, cryosurgery, and Mohs micrographic surgery..  

This research aims to find out and analyze efforts to fulfill political rights for first-time voters with disabilities in the general election in Gorontalo Regency in 2019 and to find out and analyze the factors inhibiting the fulfillment of political rights for first-time voters with disabilities in the general election in Gorontalo Regency in 2019 , based on the title raised in this research, researchers see the weakness of Indonesia's defenses from attacks by things that endanger society, thousands of illegal drugs have been circulating throughout Indonesia. This research uses empirical methods. The data collection process examined by researchers in this research is primary data and secondary data. Data collection techniques that support and are related to this research are interviews, observation and literature study. The results of this research show that the KPU and the Government have ensured the implementation of efforts to respect and promote , protection and fulfillment of the rights of novice voters with disabilities to develop themselves and utilize all abilities according to their talents and interests to enjoy, participate and contribute optimally, safely, freely and with dignity in all aspects of national, state and social life. By socializing and expanding the network of first-time voters with disabilities to play an effective role in the general election system at all stages or parts of its implementation. Increasing the participation of people with disabilities in elections is also not easy. Every citizen has the right to social security necessary for a decent life and for full personal development. Every person with disabilities, elderly people, pregnant women and children have the right to receive special facilities and treatment. Accessibility problems are one of the factors that cause first-time voters with disabilities to not cast their votes optimally, as happened in Gorontalo where the Gorontalo Regency General Election Commission continuously coordinates with first-time voters with disabilities to ensure that these first-time voters with disabilities are still able to vote. exercise their rights when voting.

Sleep is an altered state of consciousness when an individual's perception and reaction to the environment decreases. Sleep disorders often occur in the elderly, decreased sleep quality. Bathing therapy with warm water can cause blood vessels, where the warm water makes blood circulation smooth and creates a feeling of relaxation, thereby improving the quality of sleep. The aim of this research  to identify the effect of iveness soaking feet therapy with warm water on meeting sleep quality in the elderly at the Peace Christian Brotherhood Foundation, Social Welfare Institution for the Elderly in Ranomuut, Manado City. This research method use One Group Pre Test – Post Test Design approach. The population in the study was 15 using using a total sampling technique, the research used a questionnaire sheet and SOP 0.05. The results of research using the paired T test obtained a P value (0.000) where p value ≤ a=(0.05) which means there is an effect of soaking foat with warm water on meeting sleep qualityesin the elderly. The conclusion in this research  there is an effect iveness of soaking feet in warm water on meeting sleep qualikes in the elderly. At the Peaceful Christian Brotherhood Foundation, Social Welfare Institution for the Ederly in Ranomuut, Manado City. It is recommended that the results of this research provide knowledge to the public about soaking feet in warm water.

Osteoarthritis is a cartilage disorder in the joints of bones that often affects elderly people. As many as 24 million people in the Southeast Asia region and 151 million people worldwide suffer from osteoarthritis. The community service practice aims to provide education to elderly people with osteoarthritis. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with 85 elderly respondents. The level of knowledge of the elderly about osteoarthritis disease is obtained through pretest and posttest. Providing education to the elderly about osteoarthritis disease by counseling and exposure to material using posters and leaflets and demonstrations related to the handling of osteoarthritis. Analysis of research data using chi square and fisher exact tests. The results obtained in the age factor (p = 0.021), gender (p = 0.015), BMI (p = 0.002) and physical activity (p = 0.584). There is a relationship between age, gender and body mass index with the incidence of osteoarthritis in the elderly and there is no relationship between physical activity and the incidence of osteoarthritis in the elderly.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease caused by excessive levels of sugar in the blood due to a lack of the hormone insulin. DM screening is done because there are some residents who have the disease. This examination is specifically for the elderly because they also have the potential to be infected without being detected. The activity was carried out using two methods, namely socialization and followed by blood pressure and random blood sugar checks which were carried out in two hamlets, namely Slangak and Semek hamlets. The results of the screening showed that 14.29% of the participants had sugar levels > 200 mg/dl, which means that there is a DM factor, so it is necessary to do short-term prevention to control DM disease.