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This research evaluates an English for Business textbook written by Mary Ellen Guffey & Carolyn M. Seefer with a content analysis approach. This study focuses on exploring the structure, content, and learning features in textbooks to assess their suitability to learner needs and stated goals. The examination conducted to assess the textbooks in this research employed a qualitative descriptive approach using the Cunningsworth and Miekley checklist as its foundation. The assessment scale encompasses ratings ranging from 'very good' and 'good' to 'moderate' and 'poor'. The analysis revealed the textbook's effectiveness in facilitating learning through its structured layout, engaging examples, and interactive features. Additionally, contextualization in real business scenarios and sections that promote discussion increase its relevance and applicability. This study offers valuable insights for educators, curriculum developers, and policy makers in selecting and developing ESP textbooks tailored to the specific needs of learners in the business field.

Speech acts in pragmatic science are divided into several types, one of which is representative speech acts. Speech acts that bind the speaker to the truth of what he says are representative speech acts. Speeches that include speech acts can be found in learning videos. Based on this, this study analyzes the representative speech acts contained in the learning video. The data used in the research is in the form of learning videos in the "Summary of Indonesian Language Materials Class 7 K-13" playlist on the Youtube channel "Edukasi Portal". This study aims to provide exposure and describe various representative speech acts contained in the data source. The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method. It was found in Chapter 1 ''Description Text'' material, 1 0 data were produced, 1 2 data was found in Chapter 2 ''National Text'', 9 representative speech data were found in Chapter 3 ''Procedural Text'' , and 12 speech data were found. on the material of Chapter 4 ''Text of Observation Results'' and as many as 12 data on the material of Chapter 5 ''People's Poetry''. This research is useful for readers in facilitating understanding of representative speech acts. With the analysis of representative speech acts, it is hoped that readers can fully understand and comprehend representative speech acts. This research is useful for readers in facilitating their understanding of representative speech acts .    

This research aims to examine illocutionary speech acts in the text of the speech "Inauguration of Professor at the Faculty of Engineering, Tarumanagara University by Tri Harso Karyono" . A descriptive qualitative approach with content analysis method was used as the research method . Data collection is carried out by recording and marking important points which will later be used as analysis material . The research results show that in speech texts, speakers use a lot of speech that leads to illocutionary speech acts. Four types of illocutionary speech acts are found in it. Namely assertive or representative, expressive, directive and declarative illocutionary speech acts . In this research, the function or use of illocutionary speech acts and speaker strategies will be described which makes the current research different from previous research . Even though there is already a lot of research out there that examines illocutionary speech acts , the author hopes that the research carried out this time can provide benefits for the development of pragmatics and broaden readers' horizons . Not only that, it is hoped that this study will also provide benefits to the general public and students majoring in Indonesian.    

This research was motivated by class V students at SD Negeri 1 Gedebeg who seemed bored and not interested in implementing learning evaluations because evaluations were considered a burden and class teachers also felt that the learning evaluations given still seemed monotonous because usually the evaluations used were only written tests in the form of multiple choice questions and descriptions. This research aims to describe the use of quizizz paper mode-based evaluation tools in increasing the enthusiasm and learning outcomes of class V students at SD Negeri 1 Gedebeg, Blora Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with the research subjects being class V teachers and class V students with a total of 15 students. Data collection techniques in this research include tests, questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. The results of research using quizizz paper mode based evaluation tools can increase learning outcomes with learning success (class accuracy) of announcement text material using the quizizz paper mode platform by 82% and can increase student enthusiasm with indicators of response, attention, willingness, concentration and awareness to involve themselves in learning which on average has a very high level of enthusiasm.

This study examines the symbolic meanings in the Dhammapada text through a simple semantic approach. Many Buddhists understand the Dhammapada only literally, without exploring the deeper symbolic meanings intended to transform character and behavior. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method by analyzing ten selected verses from the Dhammapada, comparing their literal meanings (denotative) with symbolic meanings (connotative). The findings show that each verse in the Dhammapada contains moral wisdom that can be applied in daily life. For example, the metaphor of light represents wisdom, darkness represents ignorance, and the middle path represents balance in life. These findings have practical implications for Buddhist character education, where understanding symbolic meanings helps students internalize moral values more deeply than merely memorizing texts.

This article is a report on community service activities in order to fulfill the 2023 Government Assistance Program for Facilitating Cultural Advancement organized by the Region XII West Kalimantan Cultural Advancement Agency. The purpose of this article is to reintroduce, preserve and develop literacy culture, especially reading and writing in Javanese texts, to teachers, especially Islamic Religious Education Teachers (PAI) and Local Content Teachers (Mulok) at the junior high school/equivalent level in Sambas City. PAI and Mulok teachers are also the spearheads of introducing local culture. Therefore, this activity focuses on recognizing Jawi letters and reading Jawi writing. The reporting procedure is based on a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out using interviews, observation and documentation. The results of the research show that PAI and Mulok teachers at junior high school/equivalent level actively participate in seminar activities and practice reading and writing Jawi texts. This is very important because the development of an independent curriculum today requires the capacity and creativity of schools, especially teachers and is a benchmark for school progress. Apart from that, material development should focus on exploring local wisdom, one suitable material is the practice of reading and writing Javanese texts.

Learning English at the vocational school level requires the right approach to facilitate students in understanding various types of texts, including descriptive texts. One approach that has been widely used is the group learning method. This study aims to explore the application of group learning methods to descriptive text material in English language learning at SMK Bina Profesi Pekanbaru. The research method used was classroom action research (PTK) which was carried out in several stages. The subjects in this research were 27 class X Accounting students consisting of 22 female students and 5 male students. The data collection technique was carried out by direct observation during the teaching process of Class X Accounting which took place in several meetings. Through conducting observations with English teachers, the implementation of learning can be improved by utilizing discussion and observation methods with students. The results of the research show that the application of the group learning method makes a positive contribution to students' understanding of Descriptive Text material. This research suggests that group learning strategies are good for use in the learning process. This can be seen from the results of the observation sheet before and after the implementation of each stage, namely aspects of student activity, student skills, student enthusiasm and increased student interest. In this case, it also makes students more enthusiastic about carrying out learning activities and makes teachers more creative, conducive learning activities are also achieved by implementing Group Method Learning.

This study was conducted with the aim of examining cyerbullying behavior that occurs in the Mobile Legends game in the Mobile Legends player community. This study uses theories from Think Before Text, Kowalski (2008), and the Transtheorical Model (1970) using descriptive qualitative research methods, and the method of finding informants using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The factors that influence the occurrence of cyberbullying are divided into several factors, but the factors that have the most influence on the occurrence of cyberbullying actions include family factors, the environment, and one's nature. As a result of cyberbullying, it will cause behavioral changes in a person, these behavioral changes are preceded by precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. The factors that influence a person to experience changes in behavior due to cyberbullying are caused by a lack of parental attention in supervising their children's socialization, a poor friendship environment, and unstable emotions, causing changes in the behavior of victims to become cyberbullying perpetrators. Therefore, it is necessary to have supervision from parents in supervising the socialization of their children, the need for self-resistance so as not to fall into negative things in socializing, the need for healthy and sporitf competition in channeling the talent of playing MLBB games, and the need for strict sanctions against perpetrators.

The Teaching Campus embodies part of the educational learning program in basic education units, the Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) activity, which provides students with classroom learning experiences by partnering with educators in learning methods in primary and secondary education units. In other words, the Teaching Campus activities realize the Independent Campus goal by providing opportunities for students to learn and grow through programs outside the classroom. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Qualitative research is an analysis carried out to find out and describe existing events and evidence by describing them in the form of data, images and text. Basic education embodies the basic education phase for children aged 6 to 12 years which is developed according to educational units, basic expectations and social culture. Students from Muhammadiyah University and Jember University Jember who are studying for the Class 6 Teaching Campus Program are currently undergoing a number of work programs. One of them is related to literacy and numeracy in the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) SDN Menampu 02 education unit.

In the latest curriculum, Indonesian language learning is oriented towards text-based learning. Therefore, students are invited to be able to produce various types of texts according to the material taught. The purpose of this study is to describe the application of the case-based learning model in the case-based learning (CBL) learning model in the Indonesian language subject of writing negotiation texts for class X students at SMK Mataram Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year, the method used is descriptive qualitative method. This research focuses on the differences after the application of the case-based learning (CBL) model by using observation data, interviews with educators and students and documentation. As for data analysis techniques using descriptive by displaying the results of observations, the results of interviews with educators and students, student learning outcomes in the form of writing results and documentation such as learning documentation based on the steps in the application of the case-based learning (CBL) model and several other supporters. The results obtained after the application of this learning model are that students can have scores above the KKM and can also write independently the negotiation text that has been made in accordance with the linguistic rules.The conclusion based on the results of this study is that the application of the case base learning (CBL) model in class X Boga 1 SMK Mataram Semarang in the 2023/2024 academic year can be applied as an effective learning model to make students in writing negotiation text.  In addition, this application can also add alternative learning for educators.

This research aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning learning model on review text writing skills in class XII students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru and to find out how the Problem Based Learning learning model is applied to review text writing skills in class the type of research carried out in this research is a Quantitative Approach. The population in this study was all students in class. The data collection technique used in this research is the test and observation method. Data Analysis Techniques In this research the author uses quantitative descriptive. The research results in this study are the value of review text writing skills studied using the Problem Based Learning method, meaning that the average percentage of student scores is 85.00 ≥ 100% of the specified KKM, so it can be concluded that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected and there is an influence on Value of review text writing skills for class XII students at SMA Negeri 1 Pekanbaru. The results of hypothesis testing use the t test, namely the Independent Sample T-Test via the SPSS program. shows that t count ≥ table, namely 128.567 > 2.036 with df = 32 at the 5% significance level is 2.036 so that H1 is accepted and Ho is rejected.

The aim of this research is to increase class VII students' interest in learning procedural text material using a problem-based learning model at SMP Negeri 2 Simpang Kiri. This research uses descriptive research methods combined with classroom action research (ACR) methods. The results of the research are (1) a problem-based learning model, namely. a series of learning activities that emphasize the process of solving problems faced scientifically and increase students' interest in learning. (2) In cycle I there were 7 students who wrote procedure texts neatly and well structured. Other students, e.g. 13 students have good procedure texts, but their writing structure is still less organized than other students. (3) The results of cycle II are known to have experienced a significant increase. Where 16 students started to be neat and followed the structure of their writing and 4 other students were still not neat and did not follow the structure of their writing.

Islamic education holds a strategic position in shaping students’ moral character and social attitudes within multicultural societies. However, Islamic educational curricula are frequently perceived as prioritizing normative-textual transmission and doctrinal compliance, leaving limited room for interfaith dialogue and the cultivation of inclusive dispositions. This study critically assesses Islamic educational curriculum orientations and examines how sharia-based moral pedagogy can foster interfaith tolerance among students. The study also responds to the limited empirical linkage between sharia moral education and measurable developments in tolerance, inclusivity, and dialogic competence in Islamic schooling contexts. Using a qualitative design with descriptive-critical analysis, the research draws on curriculum document analysis and classroom observations across several Islamic educational institutions. Data are analyzed thematically to identify how three key curricular dimensions-akhlak (ethical conduct), maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (higher moral objectives), and Islamic civilization history-are embedded and enacted in teaching practices, as well as how these elements shape students’ attitudes toward religious difference. The results indicate that akhlak-centered learning supports empathy, mutual respect, and non-discriminatory behavior by framing morality as lived practice rather than abstract instruction. Integrating maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah strengthens students’ inclusive orientation by emphasizing public good, justice, and human dignity as guiding principles for social relations. Additionally, teaching Islamic civilization history-especially narratives of coexistence-enhances students’ awareness of interfaith engagement and positions dialogue as compatible with Islamic identity. A comparative analysis suggests that sharia-based moral pedagogy is more effective than normative-textual curricula in building tolerant and inclusive student dispositions, mainly because it enables reflective learning, contextual moral reasoning, and dialogic interaction.

The model of Jesus' transformative dialogue in the Gospel of John 1-4, describes the interaction of Jesus Christ conducting evangelism consistently through dialogues in John 1-4 with various figures in different contexts that lead to changes in understanding and spiritual transformation both individually and in the groups He faces. This study aims to identify and analyze the model of transformational dialogue carried out by Jesus Christ in John 1-4 to achieve the transformative goal of building relationships that enable the growth of faith among His listeners and bring people to faith in Him. The research method uses qualitative descriptive and exploratory text analysis with a hermeneutical approach to understand the cultural and theological contexts that underlie each effective missiological dialogue. This study analyzes six dialogues in John 1-4, involving Jesus Christ in conversation with four different groups of people. Dialogues as a means of communication to bring about change and deeper understanding of spiritual truth. The results of this study illustrate that Jesus Christ uses various dialogical strategies to convey the gospel message effectively to people from diverse social backgrounds to build relationships that enable the growth of faith. The transformational dialogue model of Jesus Christ in John 1-4, demonstrates wise and open dialogue in the context of evangelism and provides valuable teaching and guidance for modern evangelism practice and emphasizes the need for adaptation to the individual's social context to achieve maximum effectiveness in bringing people to Christ.

This research describes and examines the issues arising from the secondhand clothing bazaar (thrifting) in Surakarta. The prohibition of thrifting in Indonesia is stipulated in Law Number 7 of 2014 concerning Trade in Article 47 paragraph (1). Despite the existing prohibition, the fact remains that thrifting activities are still widespread in Indonesia, attracting the interest of event organizers to host large-scale thrifting-themed events, thus leading to an increase in both traders and event organizers involved in thrifting activities in Indonesia. This study is an empirical legal research of a descriptive nature. The types and sources of research data include primary and secondary data as well as primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques employed include interviews, followed by qualitative data analysis methods. The research findings indicate several problems with the secondhand clothing bazaar in Surakarta, including the potential decline in public interest towards local products, with a shift towards purchasing secondhand clothing. Furthermore, secondhand clothing may potentially harbor diseases such as mold, as evidenced by tests conducted by the Ministry of Trade. The influx of imported secondhand clothing also generates textile waste, and the efforts by the Indonesian government to halt the secondhand clothing trade have not been fully effective.

Adolescence is a period of searching for identity and any information, including pornography. Data states that premarital sexual behavior starts from adolescence in middle and high school. This happens, among other things, due to peers and parenting patterns. Parenting patterns and lack of discipline are associated with increased risky sexual behavior. analyzing parental parenting patterns and premarital sexual behavior in adolescents. The research design used was a Systematic Review. Journal search via Google Scholar, Researchgate, ScienceDirect databases. The inclusion criteria were determined, namely a maximum publication time span of 5 years (2017-2023), non-experimental correlation descriptive study with cross sectional, the languages used are Indonesian and English, original type of research article, full text. The results of a review of 10 articles that have been reviewed state that parenting patterns, peers & acceptance of information influence premarital sexual behavior of teenagers. Based on the results of a review of 10 journals, it is stated that teenagers with democratic parenting patterns have good sexual behavior or are not at risk and there are 7 journals stating that there are There is a significant relationship between parental parenting patterns and premarital sexual behavior among teenagers and there are 3 journals which state that premarital sexual behavior among teenagers is influenced by peers and receipt of information.

this study focuses on Human Resource Administration at the Office of Human Resources and Human Resource Development Ciamis Regency. The purpose of this study is for the implementation of Human Resources Administration at the Office of Human Resources and Human Resources Development Ciamis Regency. In this study, a qualitative descriptive method is used which is a study designed to describe the atmosphere of a location based on observation data, actions, language and text. Based on the observations made in this study, the observation of the authors can be concluded that the implementation of Human Resource Management to the agency for Human Resource Development and Human Resources Ciamis Regency is still less than optimal. Some employees are not distributed according to their area of expertise or expertise. The process of work performed is less than optimal and the results of the work are not good enough. The recruitment process is also less than optimal and can have a bad impact on the institution and the organization itself. The assignment of employees must be carried out in accordance with their individual abilities. The misalignment of the employee with his area of expertise and skills can have a significant impact on which agency to hire in the future.

Learning using text or conventional media makes it difficult for students to understand the material presented by the teaching staff. So now students use the YouTube application as a support in their learning activities. This research aims to find out more about the benefits of YouTube media for students and the use of YouTube social media as a place to share learning material. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach and this research uses data collection techniques including library research. The data used in this research is secondary data. The results of the research show that students who use YouTube as a mass communication medium make it very easy to find the information or knowledge they need and it is easier for students to understand the material contained in videos compared to material delivered directly by teachers or lecturers either online or face to face because of videos. on the YouTube application can be played back at any time to re-study the teaching material presented.

This research looks into the different types of slang and the functions of the slang used in the Free Guy movie. The document analysis design was combined with descriptive qualitative research. In this study, the researcher applied Allan and Burridge (2006) theory to identify the types of slang and classify its functions. Technique of analyzing the data is by watching the movie and then transcribe the dialogue from movie. The data were taken from the texts and dialogues which contained slang words or phrases uttered by the characters of the Free Guy movie. According to the findings of this study, there were five types of slang used in the Free Guy movie. They were fresh and creative (48), flippant (15), imitative (12), acronym (4), and clipping (7). The type of fresh and creative dominates the slang words used in the Free Guy movie. Regarding slang's functions, this movie used slang in seven different ways. They were to address, to humiliate, to initiate relax conversation, to form intimate atmosphere, to express impression, to reveal anger and to show intimacy. In this movie, the function of slang that occurs most frequently is to initiate relax conversation.

One example of editorial text found in everyday life is in newspapers. Newspapers provide actual information needed by the public through reporting in editorial texts. The newspaper that is often found today is the Kompas Newspaper. In the educational realm, the editorial text in the Kompas Newspaper can be a medium for learning Indonesian. Editorial text in newspapers requires appropriate sentence structure so that readers can understand the meaning of the contents of the newspaper. Thus, sentence structure in editorial texts can be a medium for analyzing directive illocutionary speech acts. This research aims to determine the types of directive illocution speech acts contained in editorial texts in the Kompas Newspaper. The theoretical benefit of this research is to increase insight and information regarding the types of directive illocution speech acts. The practical benefit is being able to understand the meaning of sentences written in newspapers. This research is classified as descriptive qualitative which refers to a theoretical approach in the form of a pragmatic approach. The method in this research is the matching method using listening and note-taking techniques, while the data presentation method uses formal data presentation. The primary data used is editorial text sourced from the Kompas Newspaper. The data that has been found is presented in the form of an explanation and linked to secondary data in the form of similar previous research. The results of this research are 18 types of directive illocution speech acts which include 7 directive illocution speech acts suggesting, 1 opposing, 2 requesting, 1 commanding, 1 hoping, 1 appealing, 1 giving a signal, 2 pleading, 1 urging, and 1 inviting.