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This study explores the role of artificial intelligence in strengthening cybersecurity threat detection frameworks for next-generation network environments. The rapid expansion of cloud computing, Internet of Things ecosystems, and distributed digital infrastructures has significantly increased cybersecurity risks and operational vulnerabilities. Traditional cybersecurity systems often struggle to detect sophisticated and evolving threats due to their dependence on static detection mechanisms. Using a qualitative research approach and content analysis method, this study examines recent developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms, and intelligent cybersecurity frameworks. The findings indicate that AI-driven cybersecurity systems improve real-time threat detection, anomaly identification, automated monitoring, and predictive security analysis. Machine learning technologies such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, and deep learning models demonstrate strong potential for enhancing intrusion detection accuracy and reducing false positive rates. The study also identifies critical challenges related to ethical governance, privacy protection, computational complexity, and adversarial attacks in AI-based cybersecurity systems

This qualitative literature review examines how global litigation finance markets manage the tension between transparency requirements and innovation dynamics. Drawing on academic scholarship, policy reports, court decisions, and industry analyses, the review synthesizes evidence on disclosure obligations, funder influence, national security concerns, and emerging regulatory models. Findings show that while transparency enhances judicial integrity and mitigates conflicts of interest, excessive disclosure may undermine commercial confidentiality and inhibit investment in complex claims. Across jurisdictions, regulatory debates converge on the need for proportionate, court directed mechanisms such as limited in camera disclosure, provenance checks, and funder conduct safeguards. The review concludes that transparency and innovation are not mutually exclusive; instead, balanced regulatory frameworks can preserve market efficiency while protecting due process values and preventing geopolitical misuse. The study highlights significant data gaps and calls for deeper empirical research to guide evidence based policy making.

Political disinformation has become one of the most critical challenges in contemporary digital democracies due to the rapid expansion of social media ecosystems. This study investigates the effectiveness of machine learning approaches in detecting political disinformation across online platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, and political discussion forums. Using a qualitative research design with a content analysis approach, the study examines linguistic manipulation, emotional narratives, sentiment polarity, and behavioral communication patterns embedded in misleading political content. The findings indicate that deep learning models, particularly Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) architectures, demonstrate superior performance in identifying contextual and semantic inconsistencies compared to traditional machine learning algorithms. The study also reveals that algorithmic amplification, echo chambers, and coordinated bot activities significantly contribute to the rapid spread of political misinformation. Furthermore, the research highlights the importance of ethical artificial intelligence governance, transparency, and digital literacy in strengthening democratic resilience and protecting information integrity within digital communication environments

This literature review synthesizes findings from fifteen peer‑reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 to examine the determinants of sustainable competitive advantage in the furniture industry. The analysis reveals that green innovation, environmental performance, and market orientation interact as core drivers of competitiveness, supported by theoretical perspectives including the Resource‑Based View, Natural Resource‑Based View, Institutional Theory, Circular Economy, and Strategic Management frameworks. The review highlights how internal capabilities, regulatory compliance, and responsiveness to consumer preferences collectively shape the ability of micro, small, and medium enterprises to adapt to sustainability demands in global markets. Evidence shows that eco‑innovation practices, waste recovery strategies, and clustering models enhance efficiency and legitimacy, while indicators of green growth and brand performance provide practical tools for evaluating sustainability outcomes. The synthesis underscores that competitive advantage in this sector is not determined by isolated variables but by systemic integration across resources, operations, and market dynamics. This study contributes theoretically by consolidating fragmented insights into a coherent conceptual model and practically by offering guidance for enterprises and policymakers to foster green transformation. The findings emphasize the urgency of aligning industrial practices with ecological integrity and suggest that future research should examine cross‑country variations, longitudinal impacts, and the integration of digital technologies with sustainability strategies to strengthen the resilience of furniture enterprises in the global economy.

Employee performance is essential to organizational success, particularly in the service industry, where service quality depends heavily on employees’ capabilities and workplace conditions. This study examines the effects of a learning organization culture and the work environment on employee performance, with job satisfaction as a mediating variable among service sector employees in West Jakarta. A quantitative causal approach was employed using an online questionnaire distributed through purposive sampling, resulting in 210 valid respondents. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The findings reveal that both a learning organization culture and a positive work environment have significant positive effects on job satisfaction. In addition, learning organization culture, work environment, and job satisfaction each positively and significantly influence employee performance. Job satisfaction also mediates the relationships between learning organization culture, work environment, and employee performance. These results suggest that organizations can improve employee performance by strengthening continuous learning practices, creating supportive working conditions, and enhancing employee satisfaction. The study contributes to the human resource management literature and provides practical guidance for organizations seeking sustainable performance through employee-centered management strategies.

As a maritime nation with vast sea territories, Indonesia faces significant challenges in safeguarding its waters, particularly in strategic regions such as the Natuna Sea. This area is vulnerable to various threats, including territorial violations, marine resource theft, and illegal underwater activities. This study aims to formulate a concept for the utilization of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) as an alternative solution to enhance underwater security systems in the region. The method employed is Research and Development (R&D), adopting model development steps and complemented by a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of AUVs in the context of Indonesian maritime defense. The research findings indicate that the main strength of AUVs lies in their technological capability to effectively detect underwater threats. Although they have weaknesses, such as high operational costs, dependency on imported components, and limitations in battery endurance and sonar capabilities, these factors do not significantly hinder AUV effectiveness. Major opportunities arise from global technological advancements, yet challenges remain due to insufficient government policy support. The threats faced include the risk of sabotage and extreme weather conditions. Therefore, the recommended strategies are to maximize the use of technology, strengthen supporting regulations, and address logistical and financial barriers to realize effective and sustainable AUV operations in the Natuna Sea.

The rapid development of information and communication technology has encouraged military organizations to adopt modern systems capable of supporting operational effectiveness. One of the challenges faced by the Indonesian Marine Corps is the limitation of conventional monitoring methods that still rely on voice reports through tactical radios and manual communication systems. This condition often causes delays in information delivery, inaccuracies in troop positioning data, and difficulties in controlling personnel and logistics in dynamic operational environments. This study aims to formulate a conceptual model for the utilization of a GPS Tracking System integrated with Marine Corps communication equipment to improve troop and material movement monitoring. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through literature review, observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation involving operational personnel and military communication experts. The results indicate that integrating GPS Tracking Systems with communication equipment can provide real-time location information, improve command and control effectiveness, accelerate reporting processes, enhance logistics supervision, and support operational evaluations through recorded movement data. The proposed concept is expected to strengthen situational awareness, increase operational efficiency, and support mission success in future Marine Corps operations.

Wilayah perbatasan Ambalat merupakan kawasan strategis NKRI yang rawan terhadap pelanggaran kedaulatan dan ancaman keamanan. Satuan Tugas (Satgas) Ambalat Korps Marinir menghadapi tantangan geografis dan keterbatasan teknologi pengawasan konvensional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi pemanfaatan teknologi Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pengamanan perbatasan oleh Satgas Ambalat. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi, wawancara mendalam dengan 4 narasumber (Komandan Skuadron Udara 700, pilot UAV, Dansatgas Ambalat, dan personel komunikasi Satgas Ambalat), serta dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles & Huberman. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) UAV belum dimanfaatkan secara langsung oleh Satgas Ambalat, pengamanan masih mengandalkan patroli konvensional dan drone non-militer; (2) tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan personel terlatih, belum adanya program pelatihan formal, keterbatasan sarana prasarana (Ground Control Station, sistem komunikasi), serta kekosongan regulasi operasional; (3) UAV tipe ScanEagle dan Camcopter S-100 dinilai paling sesuai untuk kebutuhan Satgas Ambalat karena daya tahan terbang lama dan sensor canggih. Pemanfaatan UAV dapat memperluas jangkauan pengawasan, menyediakan data real-time, mengurangi risiko personel, serta meningkatkan efisiensi operasional. Diperlukan pendekatan terintegrasi berupa penyusunan regulasi, pengadaan sarana dan pelatihan personel bertingkat dan berlanjut. Teknologi UAV memiliki potensi strategis untuk memperkuat sistem pengamanan perbatasan Ambalat. Rekomendasi meliputi dukungan kebijakan pemerintah, pengembangan doktrin TNI AL, pembentukan unit UAV Korps Marinir, serta pelatihan personel secara berkelanjutan.

The contemporary moral crisis, marked by the prevalence of hoaxes, corruption, intolerance, and hedonism, demands a strategic response from the Islamic tradition. This research aims to actualize Prophet Muhammad's (PBUH) moral exemplariness as a strategy for strengthening Muslim character. Using a qualitative literature review method with a thematic-integrative approach, this study analyzes primary sources (the Quran, authentic hadiths, classical Islamic texts) and secondary sources (national and international academic journals). The findings identify five dimensions of Prophetic exemplariness (siddiq, amanah, rahmah, zuhud, hikmah) that directly correspond to 24 character strengths in Peterson and Seligman's Values in Action (VIA) framework. This research formulates four actualization strategies: internalization through contemporary Sufism, behavioral modeling (uswah fi'liyah), moral community reinforcement (al-biah al-shalihah), and Islamic digital literacy. The primary contribution of this research is an integrative model linking Prophetic moral values with modern character psychology, supplemented by an integration table mapping moral crises, Prophetic values, and character-strengthening strategies. This model is intended to serve as an operational framework for Islamic educational institutions, families, and Muslim communities in addressing moral crises systematically and evidence-based.

This study aims to analyze demand patterns and determine the most accurate forecasting method for the Kawachi KL 6167 A+ Emergency Lamp product to support inventory control decision-making. The data used in this study consist of product demand over 12 periods, showing an increasing trend with slight fluctuations in certain periods. The forecasting methods applied in this research include the Linear Trend Method, Quadratic Trend Method, and Moving Average (MA), while forecasting accuracy was evaluated using Mean Squared Error (MSE). The results indicate that the linear trend method provides a more suitable forecasting model compared to the quadratic trend method. The MSE value of the linear method is 69.31, whereas the quadratic method produces an MSE of 81.50, indicating that the linear method is more accurate due to its lower forecasting error. In addition, a 3-period Moving Average (MA) method was applied to forecast demand from period 13 to period 24. The forecasting results show that demand tends to stabilize within the range of 276–277 units, with the forecast for period 24 reaching 276.66 units, rounded to 277 units. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the demand pattern for the Kawachi KL 6167 A+ Emergency Lamp demonstrates a relatively stable upward trend, making the linear trend method the most appropriate forecasting approach for predicting future demand. These forecasting results are expected to serve as a reference for companies in optimizing inventory planning to minimize the risks of stock shortages and overstocking.

This study aims to determine the effect of assertive leadership and self-actualization on the performance of nurses at Dr. Soekardjo Regional General Hospital in Tasikmalaya. The research design used in this study is a quantitative approach using a survey method. Research subjects: All 40 nurses working in the Melati ward were included as respondents. Research data were collected through the distribution of questionnaires to all respondents. The collected data were analyzed using a series of multiple linear regression tests, along with instrument validation and hypothesis testing. The results of the data analysis yielded the regression equation Y = 0.743 + 0.482X1 + 0.521X2 + e. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that assertive leadership positively contributes to improved nursing performance. Additionally, self-actualization also plays a role in supporting performance improvement. Simultaneously, both variables exert a significant influence on nursing performance. The coefficient of determination of 68.2% indicates that 68.2% of the variation in nurses’ performance can be explained by the two independent variables—assertive leadership and self-actualization—while the remainder is influenced by other factors outside the research model. These findings suggest that strengthening a more assertive and clear leadership style and fostering nurses’ self-actualization can serve as strategies for improving the quality of nursing care.

This study aimed to increase students’ learning activeness and reduce boredom in Indonesian language lessons through the implementation of the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model for first-grade students at MI Ma’arif NU Bebekan. The research was conducted using an observation method during the learning process. The subjects of this study were first-grade students of MI Ma’arif NU Bebekan. Data were collected through observations of students’ activities, participation in learning, enthusiasm in completing projects, and responses during Indonesian language lessons. The observation results showed that the implementation of Project Based Learning had a positive impact on the learning process. Before the implementation of this model, some students appeared less active, easily bored, and less involved in classroom activities. After learning was carried out through project-based activities related to Indonesian language materials, students became more interested in participating in lessons, more confident in asking and answering questions, and more active in collaborating with their classmates to complete assignments. In addition, the learning atmosphere became more enjoyable because students were directly involved in activities connected to their daily experiences. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the implementation of Project Based Learning was effective in increasing learning activeness and reducing boredom among first-grade students of MI Ma’arif NU Bebekan in Indonesian language lessons. This learning model can serve as an effective alternative for creating a more engaging, active, and meaningful learning experience for elementary school students.

This paper offers a comparative analysis of character education through the lens of Islamic and secular humanistic paradigms. Recognizing the increasing cultural and religious diversity in contemporary educational settings, the study emphasizes the importance of an integrative approach that respects both spiritual and rational ethical frameworks. Islamic character education centers on virtues derived from divine guidance, fostering a moral compass anchored in faith, while secular humanistic education promotes critical thinking, autonomy, and universal ethical principles grounded in reason and empathy. By synthesizing these approaches, educators can cultivate learners’ moral resilience, empathy, and ethical commitment within pluralistic societies. The paper further highlights the benefits of intercultural dialogue, pedagogical innovation, and cultural competence for teachers, parents, and communities in supporting holistic moral development. Ultimately, the integration of these models enriches character education, preparing students to become ethically responsible and socially engaged citizens in globalized contexts

This study aims to analyze the implementation of blended learning on the motivation and learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at UPTD SD Negeri Oli′O. This study employs a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were fifth-grade students, comprising an experimental class using LMS-based blended learning and a control class using conventional learning. Data were collected through learning motivation questionnaires and learning outcome tests administered before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, Levene’s homogeneity test, F-test ANOVA, and paired samples t-test. The results indicate that the implementation of the blended learning model has a positive effect on students’ motivation and learning outcomes. Students who participated in blended learning demonstrated better learning motivation compared to those in the conventional learning group. Additionally, student learning outcomes improved because learning materials could be flexibly accessed again via online platforms, thereby providing students with broader opportunities to understand the material independently.

Land-use changes dominated by impervious surfaces in residential areas reduce the natural infiltration capacity of the soil and increase surface runoff, which may lead to flooding and waterlogging. This study aimed to design a rainwater infiltration well system as an effort to reduce surface runoff in Samudera Afroza 3 Housing Estate, Jambi City. A quantitative approach was employed through field surveys, hydrological analysis, soil permeability testing, GIS-based land-use analysis, and infiltration well design in accordance with SNI 8456:2017 and SNI 03-2453-2002 standards. Rainfall analysis was conducted using maximum daily rainfall data from 2014–2023, applying several probability distributions, with the Gumbel distribution identified as the most representative model. The results revealed that the residential area covers 8,104 m², with 91.84% of the land occupied by built-up surfaces, resulting in limited natural infiltration capacity. The average soil permeability value of 0.00024 m/s indicates favorable conditions for the implementation of infiltration wells. Based on the design calculations, 41 Type III infiltration wells are required, providing a total storage capacity of 289.665 m³ and an infiltration discharge of 0.0919 m³/s. The proposed infiltration well system is capable of reducing runoff volumes by 15.044%, 12.486%, and 11.223% for 2-year, 5-year, and 10-year return periods, respectively. Therefore, infiltration wells can be considered an effective alternative for water conservation and runoff management in residential areas.

This study examines the growing debate surrounding the possibility of granting legal personhood to artificial intelligence (AI) systems within contemporary legal frameworks. As AI technologies become increasingly autonomous in decision-making, innovation, and economic interactions, questions arise concerning accountability, liability, and ethical governance. Using a qualitative library research approach, this study analyzes scholarly literature, legal theories, and global regulatory developments related to AI personhood. The discussion explores historical precedents of non-human legal entities, including corporations and natural objects, and compares them with emerging proposals for electronic legal personality. The findings reveal that while functional legal recognition may offer practical solutions for liability and compensation, current AI systems lack consciousness, moral agency, and intentionality required for full legal personhood. Consequently, most jurisdictions prefer human-centered regulatory models emphasizing transparency, oversight, and institutional accountability. The study concludes that extending legal personhood to AI remains premature and that adaptive governance frameworks are more appropriate for managing future AI-related legal challenges

This study contributes to the advancement of Islamic social finance discourse by developing a conceptual framework for a digitally integrated zakat governance model within the agricultural sector. The study addresses a critical gap between productive zakat practices and the emerging landscape of digital agricultural transformation. While previous research has largely focused on the redistributive function of zakat as a mechanism for poverty alleviation, limited scholarly attention has been directed toward its potential transformation into a technology-enabled and productivity-oriented instrument that supports sustainable development objectives. Employing a qualitative research approach through content analysis, this study synthesizes interdisciplinary perspectives from Islamic economics, zakat governance, agricultural technology innovation, and digital sustainability studies. The study proposes a Digital Farming Zakat Platform framework consisting of five interconnected dimensions: geospatial-based beneficiary identification, smart farming empowerment, sharia-compliant financial mechanisms, agricultural market integration, and data-driven monitoring systems.

This study aims to design and implement a simple solar panel-based battery charging system equipped with protection and voltage limiting circuits. The study was conducted to address the limitations of a direct solar panel-to-battery connection, which may cause short-circuit risk, reverse current, unstable charging voltage, and excessive battery charging. This research used a design-based experimental approach. The system was developed by preparing a block diagram, dividing it into several functional sub-blocks, and implementing the design into an electronic circuit. The main circuit sections consisted of solar panel protection, voltage limiter, interlocking circuit breaker, power regulator, and voltage divider. The assembled circuit was tested through real-time measurement by observing solar panel output voltage under different time and sky conditions and measuring battery charging time from different initial voltage levels. The results show that the solar panel output voltage varied according to time and weather condition. The lowest measured voltage was 15.0 V under cloudy conditions, while the highest measured voltage was 25.2 V under clear sky conditions around midday. The battery charging test showed that lower initial battery voltage required longer charging time, while voltage closer to the target level required shorter charging time. The evaluation was limited to voltage measurement and charging time; charging current, battery temperature, solar irradiance, and charging efficiency were not measured in detail. The proposed system can be applied for small-scale solar charging, educational practice, and basic renewable energy experiments. The study offers a practical circuit model that integrates protection, interlocking, voltage limiting, and regulation functions using simple and accessible electronic components.

This study aims to examine the strategic role of teachers in instilling anti-corruption educational values in elementary school (SD/MI) students in the digital era. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with five SD/MI teachers in Karawang Regency conducted in May 2026. Findings reveal that all informants possess adequate conceptual understanding of anti-corruption education as a character-building process rather than mere knowledge transmission. Teachers perform three principal functions: as behavioral role models, value-based learning facilitators, and collaborative partners with families. Implemented strategies include exemplary conduct, habituation, cross-subject value integration, and utilization of digital media such as educational videos, animations, and interactive quizzes. However, implementation faces significant obstacles, including social media normalizing dishonest behavior, instant-gratification tendencies among students, and weak synergy between schools and family environments. This research affirms that successful internalization of anti-corruption values requires consistent teacher exemplarity, a conducive school ecosystem, robust digital literacy, and sustainable tri-center educational collaboration. Practical implications include the necessity of strengthening teachers' pedagogical competencies in designing character-based learning that is adaptive to the dynamics of the digital era.

This study aims to describe the implementation of Islamic school culture in shaping the religious character of students at SMK Islam Insan Mulia. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach based on interview transcripts with three students from different vocational programs, namely Mechanical Engineering, Accounting, and Culinary Arts. Data were analyzed through data condensation, thematic coding, data presentation, and interpretive conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding of students’ experiences. The findings indicate that Islamic school culture is implemented through religious routines, student discipline, teacher guidance, ethical vocational learning, and the development of a clean and orderly school environment. These practices contribute to the formation of religious character, which is reflected in students’ worship awareness, moral responsibility, honesty in learning, discipline, cooperation, and future orientation. The study also identified several challenges, including limited student independence, peer dependence in group assignments, and the gradual development of facilities in a new vocational program. These findings suggest that Islamic school culture needs to be managed consistently through habituation, teacher role modeling, continuous monitoring, and integration with vocational competencies. The study implies that strengthening Islamic school culture can support both religious character formation and vocational readiness among students.