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This article discusses the role and transformation of oral culture in Indonesia, which has existed since prehistoric times, as a means of conveying values, knowledge, and community identity. Along with the development of the times and technological advances, oral traditions face various challenges, especially due to the influence of foreign cultures and the dominance of digital media. However, oral culture still has high relevance and has the potential to be preserved through digital media, which opens up opportunities for traditional literary works to be adapted into more modern forms of writing. Through a qualitative approach and literature studies, this article explores the importance of oral tradition in people's lives and its contribution to the development of Indonesian literature, as well as how the internet era and digital technology changed the way it was preserved and spread.

The poem Sajak Tafsir by Sapardi Djoko Damono is a literary work that uses simple language but is full of meaning. In this study, the author adopts an objective approach to explore the meaning of the poem. Objectively, the approach analyzed views literary works as objects that stand alone, without involving other elements outside them. This poem reflects an emotional journey filled with natural symbolism, such as the last leaf, wind, fire, and ash, to depict fear, fragility, and the sacrifice of love. Sapardi is famous for his invitation to interpret his poetry freely, therefore this analysis explores the meaning of the poetry as reflected in the natural metaphors and symbolism used.

This research aims to explore literary works regarding the educational values ​​in the novel "Laskar Pelangi". The method used is a qualitative approach, which uses descriptive methods and observational analysis. The results of this research show the existence of various educational values ​​such as the value of education, the value of hard work and perseverance, friendship and solidarity, and optimism and hope. Analyzing the values ​​in “Laskar Pelangi” helps us to improve the quality and credibility of our knowledge.

This research aims to explore literary works regarding the educational values ​​in the novel "Laskar Pelangi". The method used is a qualitative approach, which uses descriptive methods and observational analysis. The results of this research show the existence of various educational values ​​such as the value of education, the value of hard work and perseverance, friendship and solidarity, and optimism and hope. Analyzing the values ​​in “Laskar Pelangi” helps us to improve the quality and credibility of our knowledge.

Language use in everyday life is often incorrect, particularly in informal conversations. The correct and proper use of language also impacts an individual's reading process. Quality writing is characterized by the use of good and correct language conventions. However, many still encounter language errors in texts. Analyzing syntactic errors in short stories is necessary to identify and explain them. The aim of this study was to analyze language errors in the short stories "The Ceded Storm" and "The Red Forest" by Fauzia, as part of an intensive reading program for Indonesian language and literature students at Semarang State University. The study employed deductive methods and theoretical approaches, conducting analyses by identifying language errors in the short stories. A qualitative descriptive approach was used as part of the methodology, while language error analysis incorporated a theoretical framework. Data collection techniques included reading and note-taking. The data collection process involved three steps: (1) data collection, (2) data analysis, and (3) data presentation. Researchers examined the short stories "The Ceded Storm" and "The Red Forest" by Fauzia. The research highlighted numerous potential errors, including capitalization, punctuation, word choice or diction, usage of strong words, and conjunctions. The study aimed to identify factors contributing to the short stories' lack of quality and provide insights through a detailed analysis.

This study examines social norms in the short story "Good Morning, Unemployed!" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma using a literary sociology approach. This work describes the dynamics of the life of an unemployed person who is often the target of community stigma. Social norms, such as the pressure to be economically independent and the hope of success, are examined through the narratives and characters in this short story. The study reveals the psychological impact of stigma, unfair access to opportunities, and the importance of solidarity amid social pressure. This analysis shows the role of short stories as a medium of reflection and criticism of social reality that is often overlooked. With a qualitative descriptive approach, this study emphasizes the relevance of social issues in literature as a reflection and driver of public awareness.

The aim of this research is to understand the form of anxiety of the character Kodar Santika in the novel Canthing by Narko Sodrun Budiman. Anxiety is a form of conflict that occurs within oneself. The inner conflict that causes anxiety in Kodar's character comes from an imbalance in the personality structure of the id, ego and superego. Anxiety was Freud's focus. The theory used in this research is Sigmud Freud's theory which focuses on Kodar's anxiety. Anxiety is a feeling of insecurity that develops when someone is faced with a danger that threatens their life because this feeling of insecurity causes anxiety. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection techniques used in this research are library study techniques, critical reading techniques, and note-taking techniques. The method used to analyze data is descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research results, it was found that the main character's anxiety is neurotical anxiety, including fear and confusion. Anxiety is a realistic fear of objects and situations. And the ultimate moralistic fear includes regret and feelings of guilt. The anxiety experienced by Kodar's character is influenced by the economy, temptation towards women, and lack of support from the family. The anxiety felt by Kodar's character can be ended by using ego defense mechanisms in the form of denial, distraction, sublimation, rationalization.

The aim of this research is to understand the form of anxiety of the character Kodar Santika in the novel Canthing by Narko Sodrun Budiman. Anxiety is a form of conflict that occurs within oneself. The inner conflict that causes anxiety in Kodar's character comes from an imbalance in the personality structure of the id, ego and superego. Anxiety was Freud's focus. The theory used in this research is Sigmud Freud's theory which focuses on Kodar's anxiety. Anxiety is a feeling of insecurity that develops when someone is faced with a danger that threatens their life because this feeling of insecurity causes anxiety. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data collection techniques used in this research are library study techniques, critical reading techniques, and note-taking techniques. The method used to analyze data is descriptive analysis techniques. Based on the research results, it was found that the main character's anxiety is neurotical anxiety, including fear and confusion. Anxiety is a realistic fear of objects and situations. And the ultimate moralistic fear includes regret and feelings of guilt. The anxiety experienced by Kodar's character is influenced by the economy, temptation towards women, and lack of support from the family. The anxiety felt by Kodar's character can be ended by using ego defense mechanisms in the form of denial, distraction, sublimation, rationalization.

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan makna gramatikal, leksikal, referensial, dan nonreferensial dalam cerpen Surat Rahasia dari Tuhan karya Amelia Bunga Novitasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis makna yang terkandung dalam karya sastra cerpen. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Mendeskripsikan makna kata dalam cerpen surat rahasia dari Tuhan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik baca dan mencatat. Data dianalisis menggunakan teori semantik tentang makna kata. Data dalam penelitian ini yaitu makna kata gramatikal, leksikal, referensial, dan nonreferensial dalam cerpen Surat Rahasia dari Tuhan. Sumber data yaitu cerpen Surat Rahasia dari Tuhan karya Amelia Bunga Novitasar. Makna gramatikal ditunjukkan dengan  proses pelekatan kata yang berupa prefiks dan sufiks. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 6 kata yang mengandung makna gramatikal,  terdapat 4 kata bermakna leksikal, terdapat 8 kata bermakna referensial, dan terdapat 9 kata bermakna non referensial.

This research aims to describe the form of religious value-oriented actions in the novel Ngrangsang Lintange Luku by Narko "Sodrun" Budiman. The theory used in this research is a literary sociology approach with the help of sosial action theory according to Max Weber's perspective. This research is descriptive and is a type of qualitative research. The data source for this research is the novel Ngrangsang Lintange Luku by Narko "Sodrun" Budiman. The data collection technique used is using library research and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique used is the descriptive analysis method. Based on the research results, three aspects of religious values ​​were found in the religious value-oriented novel depicted in the novel Ngrangsang Lintange Luku, including aspects of faith, worship and morals. The most dominant aspect in this research is the aspect of worship, which consists of five data quotations, including: praying consisting of two dhata quotations, prayer consisting of two data quotations, and maintaining friendship consisting of one data quotation. And the most dominating figure in this religious values-oriented action is Miko.

Short stories are part of a literary genre that describes the environment. One of the important things in short stories is how the author's events and thoughts can be expressed well so that they can be understood and enjoyed well by readers. To find information contained in short stories in more depth, research can be done in the form of analysis. The aim of this research is to examine the content of the short story entitled "Penthouse 2601" by Djenar Maesa Ayu using a literary sociology approach. In literary sociology, literary works are considered as a reflection of society's life which cannot be separated from consideration of fictional elements and social aspects of society's life. The research method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive research method. By using listening and taking notes as a data collection technique. The results of this research show that in the short story entitled "Penthouse 2601" there are social aspects and cultural aspects. This research can have implications for Indonesian language learning, especially at the Senior High School (SMA) level    

The background of this research is to analyze the character of Sukat using analysis of Sigmund Freud's literary psychology theory, the aim is to find out the causes of the character Sukat experiencing disturbances in his personality, and also to find out the alleged disturbance that occurred to the character Sukat in the performance of the Play Written Later by Bode Riswandi. The method used is a qualitative method. The technique used in this study is data collection techniques. Data collection techniques used are reading techniques and note-taking techniques. From this analysis it is concluded that the character Sukat has a feeling of revenge from a dark past, the reason Sukat did the heinous thing to Dahlia was because of what happened at that time. Sukat's younger sister was sold by her father as a gambling bet and many of her gambling friends felt that her younger sister had committed suicide before leaving school. It was this feeling of revenge that made Sukat dark and his eyes darkened and he thought that every girl should feel what her sister had experienced.

The aim of this research is to describe how people's lives are described by the author in the short story Scribbles on the Toilet by Eka Kurniawan. Researchers use descriptive analysis methods by analyzing based on the facts contained in the short story. Data collection uses the reading-note technique which is used to obtain data by reading, understanding and recording quotations that are in accordance with the formulation of the problem. The results of the research show that there are phenomena in community life that are currently occurring.

Literature is the author's means of expressing ideas and ideas. Literary works are usually created from the author's experiences or other people's stories (Musliah, Halimah, & Mustika, 2019). It can be concluded that literary works and humans have an inseparable relationship because literature is a reflection of human life which includes thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavior, knowledge, responses and human imagination (Safitri, 2014). The ego, as a controller, functions to balance identity needs with the realities of the external world, often through coping and adjustment mechanisms. This drama is included in the type of tragedy drama because it shows the character in a sad or gloomy state, which usually occurs because the character is in a serious situation and is not beneficial to the character.

This research aims to analyze and describe sociological studies in the drama script "Ambu Hawuk" by Ab Asmarandana. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method. The data produced in qualitative methods is mostly in the form of words, not a series of numbers. The main data source that was directly collected by researchers was the drama script "Ambu Hawuk" by Ab Asmarandana. Data collection in this research used library, listening and note-taking techniques. The library technique is a technique used to obtain data from written sources, while the listening and note-taking technique shows that researchers carry out careful, directed and careful listening while collecting data by utilizing the analysis guidelines that have been formulated. The study used in this research uses sociological studies of literature. The results of this research show that the drama script "Ambu Hawuk" by Ab Asmarandana has a relationship with the study of literary sociology, namely it is based on works based on the author. This story is based on the Galungung Suakkerta area. Galunggung is a volcano located about 17 km from the center of Tasikmalaya City. Apart from that, there are several findings that reflect that this story is from the Sundanese tribe because the language used is Sundanese. This manuscript is a work drawn from the author from the local area and local cultural diversity. So if the drama script "Ambu Hawuk" by Ab Amarandana is used as teaching material for junior high school students, they will know and fully understand the meaning that the author wants to convey. So, an ecosystem for preserving and maintaining local cultural values will be built by the younger generation.    

This study examines the transformation of Habiburrahman El Shirazy's novel "Ayat-Ayat Cinta" into a film of the same name through an intertextuality approach. The main objective of this study is to analyze how narrative and visual elements in novels are translated into the medium of film, as well as identify and evaluate the changes that occur during the adaptation process. The methods used in this study include text and film analysis, storyline comparison, character development, and the use of symbolism. The results showed that although the film "Ayat-Ayat Cinta" is quite faithful to the theme and main character of the novel, there are some significant simplifications and modifications to the subplot and supporting characters. The visualization adaptation of the narrative description in the novel requires adjustments to meet the cinematic needs and duration of the film. The use of intertextual elements in the film includes direct references to dialogue and key scenes from the novel, as well as visual interpretations of symbols and metaphors present in the text. The changes made in the film were mainly driven by the need to appeal to a wider audience and keep the storyline dense and interesting. This research provides in-depth insight into the dynamics between literary works and film, demonstrating the importance of understanding the essence of the original story in the adaptation process, as well as the implications of the changes made to audience perceptions.This research is expected to make a significant contribution to literary and film studies, as well as serve as a guide for filmmakers in adapting literary works to the big screen.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aspek niali moral pada tokoh-tokoh dan nilai pendidikan karakter dalam cerita rakyat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode content analysis (analisis isi). Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini pendekatan psikologi sastra melalui teori psikologi David Krech. Sumber data penelitian adalah: (1) teks cerita rakyat Malin Kundang dan Danau Toba Karya Nuairi dan Rosmilan Pulungan; (2) panduan wawancara; (3) buku literatur yang relevan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan analisis dokumen dan wawancara. Teknik validasi data dengan triangulasi data dan sumber. Teknik analisis data dengan model analisis interaktif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa : (1) terdapat empat tingkatan emosi yang mempengaruhi tokoh-tokoh dalam cerita rakyat Malin Kundang dan Danau Toba yaitu: emosi dasar,Emosi yang berhubungan dengan stimulasi sensor, Emosi yang berhubungan dengan penilaian diri sendiri, Emosi yang berhubungan dengan orang lain; (2) terdapat nilai moral yang menonjol berdasarkan karakter pelajar pancasila dalam cerita rakyat Malin Kundang dan Danau Toba yaitu; mandiri, gotong royong,beriman dan bernalar kritis.

The purpose of of this research is to describe environmental degradation in the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan Pintar by Tere Liye using the ecological study of literary Grag Gerrard's ecological study of literature theory. This research is a descriptive qualitative research, in which data findings are in the form of quotations or dialog related to environmental degradation in the novel Teruslah Bodoh Jangan pintar by Tere Liye. Smart by Tere Liye. The results show that environmental degradation includes 6 (six) forms of environmental degradation in the novel. this novel, namely 10 pollution, 6 wilderness, 13 disasters, 12 dwellings, 4 animals and 8 earth. Meanwhile, 3 (three) efforts to overcome environmental degradation (environmental ethics) in this novel are 3 attitude of responsibility towards nature, 4 attitudes of love and care for nature and 1 attitude of not disturbing the life of nature. Among these, the most dominant form of degradation found in the novel is natural disasters, as shown through various excerpts and dialogues. This study is also relevant to academic learning as it enriches students' textual understanding while fostering social awareness, moral responsibility, and environmental concern.

The aim of this research is to examine the differences in Indonesian poetry entitled Kangen by Ws. Rendra with a Chinese poem entitled Missing You in the Silent Night by Li Bai. Poetry is a form of literary work alongside prose and drama. Compared to other forms of literary work, poetry has a unique character, namely that it uses words that are considered to represent certain meanings, is dense, dominated by symbols, and has limited space. Comparative literature is the activity of comparing the literature of one country with the literature of another country or comparing literature with other fields as an overall expression of life (Endraswara, 2011:10). One of the poems known in Indonesian literature is the poem entitled "Kangen" by WS Rendra. This poem uses diction which needs to be studied in depth because it opens up various interpretations which produce various meanings, aka multiinterpretable. One of the works of comparative literature in general studies and in relation to history or other things is part of literature. In literary works, all of these things are responded to creatively so that a literary work needs to be compared in order to get a clearer picture of the similarities and differences in various cultures    

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in crime cases in Indonesia, sometimes linked to psychiatric symptoms. Psychosis is a form of mental disorder characterized by a lack of personal organization and integration, an inability to take moral responsibility, and frequent conflicts with social norms and laws due to illness.mental, created by your own imagination.This study aims to describe the phenomenon of psychopathic behavior in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  using a literary psychology approach, specifically using Sigmund Freud's theory of psychopathic personality disorder.Basically, literary psychology deals with the psychology of fictional characters in literary works. The data analysis technique used is a qualitative descriptive technique. Based on the results of several studies, it can be seen that (1) the psychopathic behavior of the characters in Jealoucy's novel Heartbeat  is known to be based on specific behavioral characteristics of psychopaths, specifically, their penchant for manipulation and action. aggressive, brutal behavior, without remorse or guilt, capable of recognizing forms of psychopathic behavior  divided into 3 types: mild, moderate and severe. (2) The factors that cause the characters in the novel Heartbeat to have psychopathic behaviorare genetic factors and environmental factors.