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Melasma is a chronic acquired hyperpigmentation disorder affecting sun-exposed facial areas and associated with ultraviolet exposure, hormonal influences, and genetic predisposition. This review aims to describe the mechanisms of action, effectiveness, and safety of topical depigmenting agents in melasma management. Hydroquinone remains the traditional gold standard through tyrosinase inhibition, while triple-combination therapy with retinoids and corticosteroids demonstrates superior reduction in Melasma Area Severity Index scores compared with monotherapy. Non-hydroquinone agents such as tranexamic acid, azelaic acid, niacinamide, cysteamine, and thiamidol show comparable efficacy with improved tolerability. Common adverse effects include erythema and irritation, with rare ochronosis linked to prolonged hydroquinone use. In conclusion, individualized multimodal strategies with strict photoprotection are essential for effective and sustained melasma control.

The implementation of digital health information systems, such as e-Puskesmas, plays an important role in supporting electronic medical records in primary healthcare facilities. However, technical constraints, including network instability and system integration issues, may affect user satisfaction among healthcare workers. This study aims to analyze healthcare workers’ satisfaction in using e-Puskesmas based on the End User Computing Satisfaction (EUCS) method. This research employed a quantitative analytic approach with a cross-sectional design, involving 35 healthcare workers at Puskesmas Klangenan using total sampling. The variables consisted of five EUCS dimensions, namely content, accuracy, format, ease of use, and timeliness. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with a Likert scale and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test. The results showed that user satisfaction was categorized as very satisfied across all EUCS dimensions, with mean scores ranging from 4.11 to 4.47. All EUCS dimensions had a positive and significant relationship with user satisfaction (p < 0.05), with format and ease of use showing the strongest correlations. It can be concluded that the quality of system and information in e-Puskesmas significantly influences healthcare workers’ satisfaction, indicating the need for continuous system development to support optimal healthcare services.

The New Testament is an essential part of the Christian Bible, containing testimonies concerning the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, as well as the development of the early Church. To fully understand its message, it is necessary to examine the historical and theological contexts that shaped its composition. This article aims to explore the New Testament from historical and theological perspectives by examining the social, political, cultural, and religious background of the first-century world, the process of the writing of the New Testament books, and their principal theological messages. The study employs a library research method with a descriptive-analytical approach to various biblical and theological sources. The findings indicate that the New Testament emerged within the context of Roman rule, Jewish religious traditions, and Hellenistic cultural influences, all of which shaped both the authors and their audiences. The books of the New Testament were written to address the needs of early Christian communities, affirm the identity of Jesus Christ, strengthen believers' faith, and provide guidance for Christian living. Theologically, the New Testament emphasizes central themes such as the Kingdom of God, salvation through Jesus Christ, grace, the formation of the Church, and eschatological hope. Therefore, an understanding of the historical background and theological message of the New Testament is essential for accurate interpretation and for maintaining its relevance to the life of the Church and contemporary Christian believers.

Telemedicine is a technology-based healthcare innovation that can improve access and efficiency. The quality of service provided by human resources (HR) plays a crucial role in determining patient satisfaction. This study aims to analyze the influence of HR service quality on patient satisfaction among telemedicine users. The method used was a literature review using a qualitative descriptive approach through analysis of scientific articles from various databases published between 2020 and 2025. The results indicate that HR service quality significantly influences patient satisfaction, particularly through aspects of reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and effective communication. Patient satisfaction is also influenced by ease of access, time efficiency, and trust in the services provided. However, limitations such as the lack of in-person physical examinations remain a challenge in the implementation of telemedicine. Therefore, improving HR competency, particularly in digital communication and technology utilization, is essential to improving the quality of telemedicine services. Therefore, HR service quality is a key factor in increasing patient satisfaction and the successful development of digital healthcare services.

The development of Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2) presents serious issues, including eviction, the loss of traditional livelihoods, and the marginalization of local communities within a modernization agenda that disregards social justice and sustainability. This research questions the extent to which the dominant modernization bias influences the socio-economic conditions of the surrounding community, as well as how public participation practices are implemented in the planning and execution of the project. The PIK 2 project has led to social inequality, the deprivation of rights, and environmental degradation, illustrating a pattern of systemic exploitation of coastal communities through the economic and political power of development elites. The dominant development theory framework proposed by Melkote and Steeves is used to examine modernization bias, supplemented by Islamic concepts such as mustadh’afin and ghasab to strengthen the social justice perspective. In this study, the author employs a qualitative case study approach, utilizing in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation involving affected residents, community leaders, and policymakers. The results of the analysis indicate very low levels of public participation, instances of intimidation during land acquisition, and a significant loss of access to employment and basic facilities for the community. The conclusion of this research emphasizes the need for policy reform to ensure that development is more transparent, participatory, and equitable, in order to protect the rights of local communities from dominant and exploitative development patterns.

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes to higher education, particularly in the way students think and learn. AI no longer functions merely as a learning support tool but also influences students’ cognitive processes, including critical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and creativity. This study aims to examine the impact of AI usage on the thinking patterns of university students. The research method employed is a literature review, analyzing various accredited national journals and relevant conference proceedings. The findings indicate that AI offers several positive impacts, such as improving learning efficiency, expanding access to information, and supporting the development of creative ideas. However, excessive reliance on AI may also lead to negative effects, including a decline in critical thinking skills and an increased tendency for students to depend on AI-generated outputs without in-depth analysis. Therefore, the role of educators is crucial in guiding students to use AI wisely and responsibly. AI should be utilized as a supportive tool in the learning process rather than a replacement for human thinking. This study is expected to contribute to the development of effective and ethical strategies for integrating AI in higher education.

This literature study examines the process of self-regulation in transforming compliance with school rules originating from external pressure into behavioral regularity emerging from personal awareness, and its impact on the effectiveness of student learning outcomes. Using a qualitative approach with content analysis method, this study synthesizes relevant literature to build a theoretical framework on how self-regulation facilitates the internalization of disciplinary values. The findings reveal that self-regulation occurs through a series of interconnected stages including goal setting, strategy planning, self-monitoring, evaluation, and adjustment. The success of this process is determined by internal motivation, appropriate environmental support, positive direct experiences, and healthy emotional management. Strong self-regulation directly impacts learning outcome effectiveness through improved cognitive strategies, strengthened intrinsic motivation, enhanced time and environment management, and developed capacity to constructively cope with failure. Learning outcomes achieved through self-regulation processes are characterized by lasting understanding, knowledge transfer ability, and the formation of lifelong learning dispositions. Schools and teachers play strategic roles in strengthening self-regulation through curriculum design that supports autonomy, formative feedback, role modeling, and collaboration with parents. This study contributes theoretically by positioning self-regulation as the central mechanism bridging external influences and internal disposition formation.

This research is motivated by the importance of strengthening a professional public service culture through the integration of public administration values, norms, and ethics. Although various regulations and codes of ethics have been established in public organizations, gaps remain between formal norms and service practices in the field, such as low levels of responsiveness and professionalism among civil servants. This study aims to analyze the relationship between values, norms, and ethics in shaping public service culture, and to examine the role of organizational ethics and codes of ethics in strengthening public administration professionalism. The research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design through a literature review of relevant journals, books, and policy documents. Content analysis techniques were used to identify patterns of relationships between concepts. The results indicate that the internalization of ethical values ​​such as integrity, accountability, and transparency significantly influences the quality of public services. An organizational code of ethics serves as a formal instrument that clarifies standards of conduct for civil servants and strengthens a professional work culture. Consequently, public organizations need to strengthen ethics training, oversight mechanisms, and the integration of ethical values ​​into performance evaluation systems to build responsive and public-interest-oriented services.

This study aims to analyze and obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of profitability, leverage, and sales growth on tax avoidance in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020–2024 period. This research method uses a quantitative approach with secondary data in the form of annual financial reports obtained from the official IDX website and related company websites. The sampling technique used a purposive sampling method to obtain a sample of companies that met the research criteria during the observation period. The dependent variable in this study is tax avoidance, which is proxied by the Effective Tax Rate (ETR), while the independent variables consist of profitability as measured by Return on Assets (ROA), leverage as measured by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and sales growth as measured by annual sales growth. The data analysis technique uses panel data regression through the stages of selecting the best model, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate that profitability, leverage, and sales growth simultaneously influence tax avoidance. Partially, profitability influences tax avoidance, while leverage and sales growth do not.

The architecture of consumer decision-making has completely changed due to the quick development of recommendation systems based on artificial intelligence (AI). The majority of earlier studies saw algorithms as instruments for forecasting and maximizing preexisting preferences. This study, however, makes a different claim: algorithmic curation actively shapes preferences rather than just reflecting them. This study creates and evaluates a structural model that examines the impact of algorithmic curation intensity on perceived search autonomy, identity resonance, affective evaluation, and the development of initial preferences. The model is based on identity-based consumption theory and the literature on human-AI interaction. The study's findings, which are based on survey data from Generation Z consumers and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis, demonstrate a contradictory dynamic: algorithmic curation improves identity resonance and directly influences initial preferences while simultaneously decreasing feelings of autonomy. The primary mediating mechanism that links algorithmic exposure to emotional assessment and preference creation is identified as identity resonance. In addition to introducing the concept of algorithmic consumer formation as a new conceptual framework for comprehending consumer behavior in the AI-based digital era, our findings expand the notion of bounded rationality toward algorithmically bounded agency.

The relocation of the Social Welfare Shelter Environment (Lingkungan Pondok Sosial/Liponsos) in Sidoarjo represents a strategic effort to address social and spatial issues characterized by overcapacity, limited facilities, and an inadequate living environment that does not fully support the physical and psychological needs of people with social welfare problems (PMKS). These conditions indicate that the challenges faced by Liponsos are not merely social in nature but are also closely related to the quality of the built environment, which significantly influences the rehabilitation and recovery process of its residents. Therefore, a human-centered design approach is required in planning social service facilities. This study aims to analyze the application of humanistic architecture principles in the planned relocation of the Sidoarjo Liponsos as a foundation for creating a more livable, dignified, and user-oriented environment. The research employs a literature review method by collecting data from relevant books, journals, regulations, and previous studies. The analysis is conducted using descriptive and content analysis to examine the relationship between humanistic architectural principles and the needs of residents within social welfare facilities. The results indicate that the humanistic architectural approach is highly relevant to the relocation of Liponsos, particularly through spatial zoning based on levels of privacy and security, the provision of green open spaces and communal areas as media for social interaction and therapeutic activities, and the design of self-development spaces that support rehabilitation and empowerment. The implementation of these principles is expected to create a built environment that not only fulfills basic functional requirements but also supports psychological recovery, social stability, and sustainable improvement in the quality of life of PMKS residents.  

Digital revolution and the disruption of the global labor market have made public organizations, especially vocational training institutions, even more complicated. This study seeks to examine the impact of dynamic skills on institutional resilience, with innovative leadership serving as a mediating variable. The study employed a quantitative methodology, utilizing data collected from 180 employees at the Medan Vocational and Productivity Training Center (BBPVP). We used Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to look at the data. The findings indicate that dynamic capabilities exert a positive and significant influence on institutional resilience, underscoring the necessity for an organization to identify, capitalize on opportunities, and adapt to change. Dynamic qualities also have a big effect on inventive leadership, which is very important for making organizational change happen. Innovative leadership demonstrably influences institutional resilience and serves as a partial mediator between dynamic capabilities and institutional resilience. This research offers a theoretical advancement by synthesizing institutional theory, dynamic capacities, and innovative leadership to elucidate public organizational resilience. In practical terms, the findings of this study have significant significance for enhancing the adaptive capacity of vocational training institutions in the context of digital disruption.

Stunting is one of the chronic nutritional problems that remains a major challenge in health development in Indonesia. This condition not only affects children’s physical growth but also influences cognitive development, productivity, and the quality of human resources in the future. The government has developed various policies to accelerate the reduction of stunting through specific and sensitive intervention approaches implemented in an integrated manner across sectors. Semarang, as one of the urban areas in Indonesia, has also implemented these policies through various health, nutrition, sanitation, and community empowerment programs. This study aims to analyze the policies of specific and sensitive interventions in addressing stunting in Semarang and to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of their implementation. This research uses a qualitative approach with a policy study method through document analysis, observation, and interviews with relevant stakeholders such as the health office, community health centers, and other local government agencies. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by examining program integration, inter-agency coordination, and community participation in policy implementation. The results show that the implementation of specific and sensitive intervention policies in Semarang has been carried out through various programs such as maternal and child nutrition services, improved access to sanitation, health education, and family empowerment. However, several challenges remain, including suboptimal cross-sector coordination, limited resources, and varying levels of public understanding regarding stunting prevention. Therefore, strengthening policy governance, improving synergy among institutions, and enhancing community participation are necessary to ensure that efforts to accelerate stunting reduction can be implemented more effectively and sustainably.

Healthcare institutions worldwide are undergoing digital transformation to improve efficiency and patient experiences. While many studies focus on clinical applications of information technology (IT), its impact on administrative service quality remains limited, even though administrative services are patients’ primary point of contact. This study examines how IT adoption influences administrative service quality in Indonesian healthcare institutions, focusing on relationships between IT implementation levels and service quality dimensions, as well as mediating and moderating factors. Using a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design, quantitative data were collected from 385 patients and 127 administrative staff across 24 hospitals, supported by 32 in-depth interviews. Service quality was measured using SERVQUAL dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. The findings show significant positive relationships between IT adoption and all service quality dimensions, with the strongest effects on reliability and responsiveness. Staff digital competency and system usability partially mediate these relationships, while implementation quality acts as a key moderating factor. Well-implemented systems yield substantially higher service improvements than poorly implemented ones. Most patients prefer digital services when functioning properly, although many report frustration when systems fail or staff lack competency. This study highlights the importance of effective IT implementation to enhance administrative service quality and offers practical insights for healthcare management.

This study aims to analyze the influence of internal company factors, including company size, networking capital, operating efficiency, liquidity, and leverage, on financial performance, proxied by Return on Assets. The research population includes 40 food & beverage subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2019–2024 period. Using purposive sampling, 17 sample companies were selected, yielding a total of 102 data observations. This study adopts a quantitative approach, using secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial statements. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression to identify partial and simultaneous influences between variables. Empirical findings show that not all internal factors exert a uniform influence on financial performance, as some variables have been shown to have a significant influence, while others do not show a statistically significant relationship. These results have important implications for managers and investors in formulating internal management strategies to drive sustainable profitability

Background: Anemia in pregnancy is a significant public health problem that can increase the risk of maternal and fetal complications. One of the main strategies to prevent anemia is the administration of Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS), which provide essential vitamins and minerals during pregnancy. However, the effectiveness of MMS in preventing anemia is closely related to the level of knowledge pregnant women have about its use. Therefore, understanding the relationship between knowledge about MMS and anemia incidence is crucial to improving maternal health outcomes (Rahmawati et al., 2023). Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge level about Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS) and the incidence of anemia among pregnant women in the working area of Dr. Hi. Zainal Umar Sidiki Hospital, North Gorontalo. Methods: This research employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 30 pregnant women were selected as the sample using purposive sampling techniquesResults: The study found that the majority of participants who had high knowledge levels about MMS had a lower incidence of anemia, while those with low knowledge levels had a higher incidence. These results highlight that knowledge about MMS strongly influences pregnant women’s adherence and effectiveness in preventing anemia. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between pregnant women’s knowledge level about Multiple Micronutrient Supplements (MMS) and the incidence of anemia. Improving maternal knowledge about MMS through health education, counseling, and guidance from healthcare providers is essential to prevent anemia and support optimal pregnancy outcomes.

The development of information and communication technology has significantly transformed consumer behavior, particularly in the process of searching for information prior to making a purchase. One rapidly growing phenomenon is Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM), which refers to informal communication among consumers through digital platforms such as social media, online forums, and product review websites. eWOM is considered more credible than traditional advertising because it originates from real user experiences. This study aims to analyze the impact of eWOM on consumer purchase intention with trust as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design was employed, involving active users of digital platforms who accessed product reviews before purchasing. Data were collected via online questionnaires and analyzed using multiple regression and mediation testing (Baron and Kenny approach with Sobel test). The findings reveal that eWOM has a positive and significant effect on consumer trust (β = 0.72) and directly influences purchase intention (β = 0.31). Trust demonstrates a stronger effect on purchase intention (β = 0.56) and serves as a significant mediator in the relationship between eWOM and purchase intention (indirect effect = 0.40). These results highlight that the quality, credibility, and consistency of eWOM information are crucial in building consumer trust, which subsequently enhances purchase intention. Theoretically, this study enriches digital marketing literature, while practically it provides implications for companies to manage online reviews transparently and foster consumer trust to drive purchasing decisions.

This study aims to analyze the impact of inflation on the profitability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) operating in traditional markets. Inflation influences key business aspects, including rising production costs, declining consumer purchasing power, and instability in input prices, all of which can disrupt business performance. The research employed a quantitative approach using survey data collected from MSME actors to assess these effects. The findings reveal that inflation has a significant negative impact on MSME profitability, particularly through the reduction of profit margins. This occurs as businesses face higher raw material costs while simultaneously experiencing a decline in sales volume due to weakened consumer demand. As a result, many MSMEs struggle to maintain financial stability and sustain their operations under inflationary pressure. These findings highlight the need for adaptive strategies among MSMEs, such as cost efficiency and pricing adjustments. Additionally, the study offers important policy implications for the government to support MSMEs through targeted interventions, including price stabilization measures and financial assistance programs, in order to maintain business resilience and economic sustainability.

This study exaimines whether today’s youth represent a “saving generation” or a “forced generation” in respondingto rising inflation.the increasing cost of living has significantly affected young people’s consumption patterns,financial planning,and lifestyle choices.this researchaims to analyze how inflation influences the economic behavior of young people and to identify whether their frugality is driven by financial awereness or economic pressure.the study employs a qualitative descrective approach,using interviews and literature analysis to explore the experience of young individuals in managing their finances amid economic uncertainty.the findings indicate that although some young people demosntrate improved financial literacy and budgeting skills,many are compelled to reduce concumption,postpone personal goals,and limit social activities due to limited income and rising prices.Inflation has reshaped priorites,encouraging survival-oriented financial strategies rather than long-term wealth planning.the study concludes that the current generation reflects a combination of both conscious constraint.therefore,policy interventions,financial educations programs,and employment opportunities are essential to strengthen youth economic resilience.the implications of supporting young people in  developing sustainable financial habits while addressing structural economic challenges that influence their financial stability.

Pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra has experienced a decline in quality in fostering the maturity of faith and the spiritual life of the congregation. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which emotional intelligence influences the quality of pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression techniques. This study proves that: Based on data reduction, it is known that the emotional intelligence of pastors, administrators, and servants of the Voice of Truth Gospel Church in the North Sumatra region is in the high category; Based on the results of data reduction, it is also known that the majority of respondents assess that pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra has been running quite effectively; Emotional Intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the variable of Pastoral Care Quality. This can be seen from the calculated t (8.857) > t table (1.65437) and Sig. (0.000) < 0.05, and based on the results of the coefficient of determination test, it is known that the Quality of Herding is influenced by the Emotional Intelligence variable with a value of 61.2% and the remaining 39.8% is influenced by other variables outside this study.