Publication Search

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a degenerative disease commonly experienced by the elderly and requires proper treatment to prevent complications. One traditional treatment alternative used to lower blood sugar levels is bay leaf decoction. This study aimed to determine the effect of bay leaf decoction on reducing blood sugar levels among the elderly in Peuniti Village, Baiturrahman District, Banda Aceh City. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 15 elderly participants selected from a population of 87 elderly individuals. Data collection was conducted by measuring blood sugar levels before and after administering bay leaf decoction once daily for 7 days. Blood sugar levels were checked using a blood glucose meter 20 minutes after consumption. Data were analyzed using a dependent t-test. The results showed that before treatment, all respondents (100%) were categorized as having DM, with an average blood sugar level of 211.0 mg/dL. After treatment, all respondents (100%) were categorized as non-DM, with an average blood sugar level of 160.4 mg/dL. Statistical analysis showed a significance value of 0.004 (p < 0.05), indicating that bay leaf decoction significantly reduced blood sugar levels in the elderly.

The fisheries sector plays an important role in Indonesia’s economy due to its abundant marine resources; however, unsustainable fishing activities have caused damage to marine ecosystems and a decline in biodiversity. To support sustainable fisheries management, the use of environmentally friendly fishing gear is essential. At the Tenau Coastal Fishing Port (PPP Tenau) in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, handline fishing is the most commonly used traditional fishing method among small-scale fishers because it is selective and causes minimal habitat disturbance. This study aims to analyze the environmental friendliness level of handline fishing gear based on the nine criteria of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF) established by FAO in 1995, which include gear selectivity, habitat impact, fisher safety, catch quality, product safety, by- catch, biodiversity impact, capture of protected species, and social acceptance. The research was conducted from November 2025 to January 2026 using a descriptive quantitative method involving 30 handline fishermen selected from a population of 420 using the Slovin formula with a 20% error rate. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, then analyzed using a weighting system based on the guidelines of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (2006). The results are expected to show that handline fishing is categorized as environmentally friendly to highly environmentally friendly and can serve as a basis for developing sustainable fisheries management policies in East Nusa Tenggara.

This study aimed to determine the relationship between parental involvement and mathematics learning achievement of fourth-grade students at SD Inpres 18 Sorong Regency. The research employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research subjects consisted of all fourth-grade students from classes IV A and IV B, totaling 66 students. Data on parental involvement were collected using a questionnaire, while students’ mathematics achievement data were obtained from documentation of end-of-semester promotion examination scores. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The prerequisite tests included the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test with a Monte Carlo approach and a linearity test. Hypothesis testing was carried out using Pearson Product Moment correlation with the assistance of SPSS software. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between parental involvement and students’ mathematics achievement, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.637 and a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05). This correlation is categorized as strong. The findings indicate that higher levels of parental involvement in guiding, supervising, and providing emotional support are associated with higher mathematics learning achievement among students. Therefore, parental involvement plays an important role in supporting the mathematics learning success of elementary school students.

Drug availability at community health centers is an important indicator of health service quality. Drug shortages or excesses may affect service effectiveness and budget efficiency. This study aimed to determine the level of drug availability at the South City Community Health Center and the Piloloda'a Community Health Center in 2024 based on compliance with the formulary, demand, receipt, and drug availability categories. This study used a descriptive analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained retrospectively from the 2024 Drug Use Report and Request Sheet (LPLPO). Data analysis was conducted by calculating the percentage of compliance with the formulary, demand, and receipt, and by determining drug availability levels using the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2010) formula and the classification of Carolien et al. (2017). The results showed that formulary compliance was 82% at the South City Community Health Center and 67% at the Piloloda'a Community Health Center, both below the 95% standard. Drug demand compliance scores were 151% and 199%, exceeding the 100–120% standard, while drug receipt compliance scores were 71% and 56%, below the 100% standard. Drug availability categories varied from adequate and insufficient to excess stock, with most drug items classified as insufficient stock. In conclusion, drug management at both community health centers has not been fully optimal. Improved coordination between community health centers and pharmaceutical facilities is needed to maintain stable drug availability and support service needs.

This research is motivated by the reality of ethnic and cultural diversity in congregation life which reflects the dynamics of a multicultural society, where differences in cultural identity have the potential to cause social friction if not managed wisely. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with normative studies, with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation of informants consisting of pastors, congregation councils, and presbyters. The theory used is Ralph Linton's role theory which explains how individuals carry out social functions according to their status in society. The results of the study indicate that the life of the GMIT Sion Oepura congregation is characterized by multicultural dynamics as seen from the diversity of ethnicities such as Timor, Rote, Sabu, Flores, and Alor which not only enriches church life through cultural expressions in worship and church activities, but also gives rise to symbolic friction between ethnic groups, such as the tendency for the dominance of certain cultural symbols and the emergence of group ego attitudes in several worship activities, for example in the celebration of Language and Culture Month. In this situation, religious leaders play a role as leaders who embrace diversity, mediators in managing potential conflicts, and social and moral role models for the congregation through sermons, pastoral guidance, and various service activities that involve the entire congregation without differentiating cultural backgrounds. Despite the existence of cultural differences and the tendency for certain symbolic dominance, religious leaders are able to manage this diversity normatively so that it does not develop into open conflict. This study concludes that the role of religious leaders is very important in strengthening social solidarity and maintaining harmony in multicultural congregations.

Critically ill patients are individuals with unstable health conditions who require close monitoring of hemodynamic parameters. The high mortality rate among critically ill patients treated in intensive care units reaches 36.5% of 33,148 patients. Hemodynamic instability in critically ill patients can be influenced by underlying diseases, medical interventions, as well as physical and psychological stress responses during treatment. Therefore, in addition to pharmacological therapy, non-pharmacological interventions such as Asmaul Husna dhikr therapy are needed, as they can provide a relaxation effect and help stabilize hemodynamic parameters in critically ill patients. To determine the outcomes of the implementation of Asmaul Husna dhikr therapy. This study used a descriptive case study method involving two critically ill patients with unstable non-invasive hemodynamic parameters. Changes in non-invasive hemodynamic parameters were observed in both respondents after the implementation of Asmaul Husna dhikr therapy. In respondent 1, the hemodynamic status was initially categorized as increased and became stable after the intervention. Similarly, in respondent 2, the hemodynamic status changed from increased before the intervention to stable after the intervention. The implementation of Asmaul Husna dhikr therapy can be used as a complementary therapy to help stabilize hemodynamic parameters in critically ill patients.

This study aims to critically analyze bioethanol production from water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) based on previous research findings and to develop a project-based learning design for SMA/SMK students. This study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method by analyzing relevant scientific articles published in the last five years. Data were collected through documentation and analyzed using descriptive qualitative techniques, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that bioethanol production efficiency is strongly influenced by pretreatment methods, fermentation conditions, and process control, with yields generally categorized as low to moderate. Previous studies also reveal that project-based learning significantly enhances students’ conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills. Based on the synthesis of these findings, this study proposes a structured project-based learning design that integrates bioethanol production as a contextual learning medium. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of aligning technical feasibility, educational objectives, and sustainability principles in developing science-based learning projects in secondary education.

The use of social media can have both positive and negative impacts on children. Proper use can enhance insight, knowledge, and increase learning motivation. However, excessive use can disrupt study time, reduce awareness of the importance of learning, and result in low learning motivation. To determine the relationship between the duration of social media use and the learning motivation of school-aged children at SDN Gisikdrono 03, Semarang City. This study uses a quantitative method with probability sampling technique, specifically stratified random sampling. The sample in this study consisted of 122 respondents. The instrument in the study used a questionnaire on the duration of social media use and learning motivation. Data analysis used the Spearman rank test. There is a relationship between the duration of social media use and the learning motivation of school-aged children at SDN Gisikdrono 03 Semarang City, with a p-value of 0.000 < 0.05, leading to the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha, with a correlation value of -0.636, which falls into the strong category with a negative duration, indicating an inverse relationship. This means that the longer the duration of social media use, the lower the learning motivation. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between the duration of social media use and learning motivation, where the longer the duration of social media use, the lower the learning motivation.

Blasting is a critical method for overburden removal in open-pit coal mines, where fragmentation quality directly impacts loading efficiency and operational costs. This study aims to analyze the actual fragmentation resulting from overburden blasting at Pit 4 Middle of PT. Victor Dua Tiga Mega, Central Kalimantan, to predict fragmentation using the Kuz-Ram model, and to evaluate the conformity of both results against the company standard (boulder size ≤144.6 cm or ≥50 cm for analysis). The research employed a quantitative comparative method. Primary data included blasting geometry and photographs of muck piles from 10 blasting events, which were analyzed using WipFrag software to obtain actual fragmentation distribution. Secondary data comprised rock characteristics and explosive properties for Kuz-Ram prediction input. The results showed significant variation in actual boulder percentage (≥50 cm), ranging from 6.19% to 32.91% with an average of 16.05% (medium category). Statistical analysis revealed a very weak negative correlation (r = -0.21) between powder factor (PF) and boulder percentage, indicating that PF is not the dominant factor within the consistent application range (0.21-0.23 kg/bcm). Comparison with Kuz-Ram predictions showed that the model consistently over-predicted coarse material, with an average difference of +25.21%, suggesting the need for rock factor (A) recalibration. It is concluded that the blasting results are inconsistent, strongly influenced by uncontrollable factors such as geological conditions. Recommendations include geometri evaluation, particularly burden and spacing, and calibration of the Kuz-Ram model for more accurate future predictions.

This study aims to analyze the transformation of Don’s character in the film Jumbo using K.M. Weiland’s character arc framework. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-interpretative approach. Data were collected through repeated viewing of selected scenes that represent character development, and analyzed based on narrative structure, including exposition, inciting incident, rising conflict, climax, and resolution, as well as supported by visual elements such as facial expressions, gestures, and cinematic composition. The findings reveal that Don’s character undergoes a dynamic and gradual transformation. Initially, he is driven by a strong need for social validation, which develops into a negative change arc as he reinforces false beliefs and exhibits increasingly egoistic behavior. At the climax, Don reaches a critical turning point that triggers self-reflection. Ultimately, he transitions into a positive change arc, demonstrated through empathy, responsibility, and concern for others. This study highlights that character development in film is constructed through the interplay of conflict, social relationships, and a structured narrative process.

This study aims to analyze fifth-grade students’ understanding of the water cycle concept at SD Muhammadiyah Sidayu using animated video assistance, as well as to describe supporting and inhibiting factors, identify obstacles faced by teachers and students, explain teachers’ efforts, and examine students’ responses in science learning. The research used a descriptive qualitative method with 23 fifth-grade students as participants. Data were collected through tests, questionnaires, interviews, and observations, and analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity was ensured through triangulation of technique, source, and time. The results indicate that students’ understanding of the water cycle concept is categorized as moderate, with an average score of 69.43. Students are able to explain the definition and stages of the water cycle through images, classify events based on similarities in processes, and distinguish between evaporation and condensation. However, they still face difficulties in explaining the relationships between processes and in providing real-life examples related to the water cycle. Supporting factors include students’ interest and learning motivation, while inhibiting factors involve differences in comprehension abilities and students’ health conditions. Teachers face obstacles such as limited audio-visual facilities, shared LCD usage, and challenges in selecting appropriate animated videos. To overcome these issues, teachers use simple explanations, emphasize key points, replay videos, provide individual guidance, and assign diagram-based projects. Students’ responses are very positive, as animated videos increase their interest, attention, motivation, and conceptual understanding.

The digestive system is one of the most abstract and complex topics in high school biology because it involves physiological processes that occur inside the body and cannot be observed directly. This situation calls for the use of instructional media that can help students understand concepts in a more concrete, systematic, and engaging way. This study aims to analyze the effect of interactive multimedia on student learning outcomes regarding the digestive system and to identify the most effective type of multimedia. This study employs a meta-analysis method using secondary data from 20 relevant scientific articles published between 2021 and 2026. Data were collected through a literature review and systematic review, then analyzed using effect size calculations with Cohen’s and Hedges’ g formulas to determine the effectiveness level of each medium. The results indicate that the use of interactive multimedia generally has a positive effect on student learning outcomes, with most media falling into the high to very high effect size category. Interactive multimedia based on Articulate Storyline was the most effective medium with the highest effect size value of 2.730, followed by Augmented Reality-based E-Magazine at 2.634. These findings indicate that interactive multimedia is effective in facilitating the visualization of concepts and increasing student engagement.  

The development of fine motor skills in elementary school-aged children is crucial for academic achievement and daily activities. However, some children still experience delays in fine motor skills due to lack of stimulation, a lack of varied teaching methods, and the impact of technology use and learning after the pandemic. This study aims to improve fine motor skills in elementary school children through Educational Activities Using LEGO Bricks. The method used is a play-based learning approach integrated into thematic learning. The activities were conducted in several structured sessions, including an introduction, core activities, and reflection and evaluation. Participants were elementary school students who actively participated in LEGO assembly activities both individually and in groups. The results showed improvements in fine motor skills, evident in improvements in hand-eye coordination, accuracy, concentration, and manipulative abilities. Students also demonstrated great enthusiasm and progress in creativity when creating various types of works. The discussion indicates that playing with LEGO is beneficial for training small muscles in the hands through pinching, pressing, and arranging activities, as well as supporting cognitive development and a passion for learning. In other words, the LEGO Brick Educational Play Movement has proven to be an innovative and fun learning medium, as well as effective in developing the fine motor skills of elementary school students.

Burnout among nurses is a serious problem that can reduce the quality of nursing services and the well being of nurses. Work motivation and self efficacy are psychological factors that play an important role in reducing burnout. The aim is to minimize the occurrence of burnout among nurses in their performance.The purpose of this study is to determine the significance of the relationship between work motivation and self efficacy with the level of burnout among nurses. This research is quantitative in nature with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was conducted using questionnaires administered to 98 respondents from the total population. The instruments used included a work motivation questionnaire (ERG), a general self-efficacy scale (GSES), and a Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). The data collected was processed using Spearman's test and ordinal logistic regression. Results researchers found that respondents who reported high work motivation numbered 89 respondents with a percentage of (90.8%), self-efficacy among nurses also showed a high category in 90 respondents with a percentage of (91.8%), and the majority of burnout levels were in the low category range of 65 respondents with a percentage of (66.4). Statistical tests showed a relationship between work motivation and burnout levels with a p-value of 0.000 (a = -0.358), and showed that there was a relationship between self-efficacy and burnout levels with a p-value of 0.013 (a = -0.250). Furthermore, multivariate statistics found that work motivation was the dominant factor influencing burnout with a p-value of 0.012 (E = -2.030). Conclusion there is a significant relationship between work motivation and self-efficacy with the level of burnout among nurses. Nurses with high work motivation and self-efficacy tend to have lower levels of burnout. Work motivation is a dominant factor in influencing burnout.

This study analyzes visual signs in the Charlie Chaplin animations Safari at The Park and The King in The Ring using Charles Sanders Peirce’s semiotic framework, focusing on icons, indexes, and symbols. Film and animation communicate meaning through visual elements such as gestures, facial expressions, movements, and character interactions, making them rich for semiotic analysis. Using a descriptive qualitative method, the research identified and categorized visual signs in both animations. Results show that icons, which resemble real-world objects, dominate by establishing story settings natural safari environments in one animation and competitive boxing arenas in the other. Indexes reveal cause-and-effect relationships, demonstrating how gestures, expressions, and actions convey danger, fatigue, or emotional shifts. Symbols convey conventional or cultural meanings, such as Charlie Chaplin’s bowler hat and cane representing his comedic identity, a championship belt symbolizing victory, or a rose indicating affection. While both animations use the same types of signs, the intensity and focus vary with the narrative context: Safari at The Park emphasizes situational and natural elements, whereas The King in The Ring highlights competition and emotional reactions. This study confirms that Peirce’s triadic model effectively explains how meaning is constructed in animation through dynamic visual communication.

Trade secrets are a type of Intellectual Property Right that plays a crucial role in providing legal protection for business information with economic value and kept confidential by its owner. In the food industry, recipes not only serve as production guidelines but also serve as a business's identity and competitive advantage. Legal issues can arise if the recipe is used or owned by others without permission, especially when conflicts arise within the business or during competition. This situation can trigger trade secret disputes that can be detrimental to business owners, both financially and sustainably. This article discusses the position of fried chicken recipes as trade secrets in culinary business practices in Indonesia and the forms of legal protection available to rights holders. The discussion was conducted based on the provisions of Law Number 30 of 2000 concerning Trade Secrets, using a normative approach. The analysis shows that a fried chicken recipe falls into the trade secret category if it meets the requirements of being unknown to the public, having economic value, and being strictly maintained by the business owner. Therefore, legal protection for trade secrets is crucial to prevent unfair business competition and provide legal certainty and protection for culinary businesses in Indonesia  

This study analyzes the integration of pedagogical leadership and professional competence in the Christian Religious Education (CRE) learning strategy course among undergraduate students. Employing a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational survey design, the research involved 26 respondents. Data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire, with the results analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation. The findings show that both pedagogical leadership (85%) and professional competence (86%) are categorized as high. The Pearson correlation test reveals a strong and significant relationship between the two variables (r = 0.78). These results suggest that pedagogical leadership and professional competence are effectively integrated in the learning process. The course plays a strategic role in shaping students into professional and reflective learning leaders, providing them with the necessary skills to apply their leadership in educational settings. This integration enhances students' readiness to excel in their future roles, emphasizing the importance of these competencies for becoming well-rounded and effective educators.

Academic stress is a condition of psychological strain that arises when academic demands are perceived to exceed an individual’s capacity to cope. In this context, university students frequently use entertainment related to public figures as an emotion-focused coping strategy, one of which is celebrity worship. This study aimed to describe the level of academic stress among students who engage in celebrity worship. A descriptive quantitative design was employed, with purposive sampling of 230 active university students aged 18–25 years. Data were collected using the Perception of Academic Stress Scale (PASS) and the Celebrity Attitude Scale (CAS). The results indicated that the respondents’ mean academic stress score was relatively high (M = 46.05; SD = 8.38), and the level of celebrity worship was also relatively high (M = 86.10; SD = 15.89). Categorization showed that most students were in the moderate academic stress category (47.0%), followed by high (30.0%) and low (23.0%). For celebrity worship, most respondents were categorized as moderate (49.6%), followed by high (29.6%) and low (20.9%). Crosstab analysis suggested an increasing proportion of high academic stress as celebrity worship levels increased; notably, the high celebrity worship category was dominated by high academic stress (67.6%). Group difference testing also revealed significant differences in academic stress by gender (p < 0.05), with female students tending to report higher stress levels. These findings indicate that celebrity worship may serve as an emotion-focused coping mechanism, yet it may also become a source of distraction when the attachment is excessive. The implications highlight the importance of fostering adaptive coping strategies and time management skills among students to manage academic stress more effectively.

The development of digital platforms such as TikTok has encouraged the emergence of affiliate-based marketing practices in e-commerce activities. Affiliate marketing is a digital marketing system that promotes another person's product or service through a special affiliate link and earns a commission if a purchase or transaction is made through that affiliate link. Product promotion content has become one of the most effective marketing methods in the digital world. However, in practice, there are cases where affiliates reuse video content belonging to creators for promotional purposes and to earn sales commissions without permission. This study aims to analyze the provisions of digital video copyright protection under Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and to examine forms of copyright infringement in the use of TikTok videos by affiliates. The method used is a normative study, employing a legal approach, a conceptual approach, and factual analysis. Primary and secondary legal materials were used in this study, which was analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The results of the study show that TikTok videos fall under the category of cinematographic works that are protected as stipulated in Article 40 paragraph (1) letter m of the Copyright Law. Copyright protection arises automatically based on the declarative principle since the creation is realized in a tangible form, covering moral and economic rights. The use of TikTok videos by affiliates for promotional purposes and to earn sales commissions constitutes commercial use which, if done without the creator's permission, violates the creator's economic rights as stipulated in Article 9 paragraph (3) and potentially violates moral rights under Article 5 of the Copyright Law.

Land conversion associated with renewable energy expansion generates profound socio-cultural transformations in agrarian communities. This study aims to analyze how wind power development reshapes agrarian identity, social capital configuration, and the meaning of land within rural society from an anthropology of development perspective. This research applies qualitative literature-based analysis supported by recent peer-reviewed scholarship on land use change, rural transformation, social capital, and political ecology. Conceptual synthesis integrates sustainable livelihood framework, identity negotiation theory, and energy landscape analysis to construct an interpretive analytical model. Findings indicate that agricultural land conversion produces deagrarianization, occupational shifts, and reconfiguration of social stratification. Land is redefined from a genealogical and productive space into infrastructure and investment asset. Social capital grounded in kinship networks, customary institutions, and local organizations functions as a resilience mechanism through risk redistribution, collective solidarity, and participatory negotiation. Energy landscapes restructure symbolic and material relations between community and territory, generating both hybrid identities and conflict dynamics. Inclusive governance determines whether renewable energy fosters adaptive transformation or deepens commodification and exclusion. Renewable energy transition in rural areas requires socio-cultural recognition beyond technical implementation. Integrating local identity, participatory governance, and community ownership strengthens just and sustainable transformation pathways.