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This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the income of female traders in the informal sector, specifically at Amlapura Timur Market, Karangasem Regency. The research employs a quantitative associative method using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the effects of age, working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs on the income of female traders. Data were collected from 93 respondents using purposive sampling. The results show that age, working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs simultaneously have a significant effect on the income of female traders. Partially, age has a negative effect on income, while working hours, capital, business location, and transportation costs have positive effects. This study provides insights into the challenges and opportunities faced by female traders in traditional markets and offers recommendations for gender- and location-based economic empowerment strategies.  

This research aims to examine the gap in legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia through an analysis of Law No. 13 of 2003 on Manpower and ILO Convention No. 189 on Decent Work for Domestic Workers. Until now, domestic workers have not been explicitly recognized in national regulations, so their basic rights such as living wages, social security, and humane working hours are often neglected. This condition is exacerbated by the absence of written work contracts, the dominance of informal recruitment, and the view of the community that does not consider domestic workers as formal workers. This article concludes that the ratification of ILO Convention 189 and the passing of the Domestic Workers Protection Bill are strategic steps to strengthen legal protection for domestic workers in Indonesia, which also needs to be supported by labor inspection and comprehensive legal education.

This study aims to analyze the performance of employees at the Dukuh Pakis District Office in Surabaya City in carrying out daily administrative tasks as well as socialization activities with the community. The performance measurement method used refers to the four dimensions of employee performance proposed by Mangkunegara (2004), namely quality of work, discipline in work, initiative, and responsibility. Through observation and interviews, it was found that several obstacles hindered the performance of employees, such as lack of discipline in working hours, mismatch between job descriptions and tasks performed, and low supervision and enforcement of sanctions for violations. Nevertheless, there were good initiatives from some employees and a fairly high level of awareness of their responsibilities. Based on these findings, it is recommended to make improvements in time management, increase supervision and enforcement of discipline, provide training to enhance initiative, and solidify job descriptions to optimize employee performance. It is hoped that with the implementation of these recommendations, the performance of employees at the Dukuh Pakis District Office in Surabaya City can be significantly improved.

This study aims to analyze the impact of overtime work on physical and mental fatigue of the crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya, by identifying the causal factors and consequences that may arise due to additional working hours. In this study, the researcher will apply a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This research was conducted by the author on the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya owned by PT Pelayaran Manalagi which is a subsidiary of PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines, with the ship call sign "YBTL2" and a total load capacity of 52201 MT. Data collection techniques in this study used observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. Testing the validity of this research data used source triangulation, technical triangulation, and time triangulation. Based on the results of the study, it explains that the Overtime Pattern: The crew of the MV ship. Manalagi Tisya experienced an average of 4.5 hours of overtime per day, with the Engine Department experiencing the highest overtime (an average of 5.2 hours). Overtime most often occurs during loading and unloading at the port (35%) and when facing bad weather (27%), Physical Impact: Continuous overtime causes significant physical impacts in the form of sleep disturbances (80%), back and waist pain (70%), and muscle pain (60%), Mental Impact: As many as 85% of crew experience moderate to severe mental fatigue due to overtime, with the main symptoms being difficulty concentrating (75%), irritability (65%), and decreased decision-making ability (60%). Safety: There is a strong positive correlation (r = 0.82) between the duration of overtime and the frequency of safety incidents. The risk of incidents increases by 28% for every additional 2 hours of overtime, Work Performance: Overtime has an impact on decreased work performance, especially in problem-solving skills (45%), compliance with procedures (41%), and effective communication (37%), Overtime Management: The most effective overtime management strategies are task rotation and fatigue management training, but their implementation is still not optimal. Limited number of personnel and operational demands are the main obstacles in minimizing overtime, Regulatory Compliance: Average working hours of MV ship crew. Keywords: Overtime Work, Physical Fatigue, Mental Crew.

The lontar leaf stitching home industry is a micro-enterprise that produces various types of crafts made from lontar leaves, commonly used in traditional and religious ceremonies. This industry plays a significant role in the local economy and cultural preservation. The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the simultaneous effect of capital, raw materials, working hours, and business duration on the income of lontar leaf stitching home industries in Sibetan Village, Karangasem Regency; and (2) to analyze the partial effect of capital, raw materials, working hours, and business duration on the income of these industries. The population of the study consists of all 50 lontar leaf stitching home industries in Sibetan Village. A saturated sampling technique was used, meaning the entire population was taken as the sample. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 26. The results show that capital, raw materials, working hours, and business duration simultaneously have a significant effect on income, accounting for 96.8 percent of the variance. Partially, each of these variables also has a positive and significant effect on income. It is recommended that artisans manage their capital efficiently—including utilizing financing from village credit institutions (LPDs)—select quality raw materials, optimize working hours, and leverage business experience through support from village-owned enterprises (BUMDes) to expand marketing and increase income.

Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal complaint among workers due to non-ergonomic work postures and long working hours. PT. Pantjamitra Ichigodjaja has a work environment that poses a risk of neck muscle strain due to static work positions and working hours exceeding 8 hours per day. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of education through leaflet distribution in improving employees' knowledge about neck pain, including its causes, prevention, and management. This research used a descriptive quantitative design with an intervention method in the form of distributing educational leaflets to 50 employees selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection was conducted through pre-test and post-test using a validated and reliable questionnaire. The results showed an increase in employee knowledge after receiving the leaflet, with the percentage of good knowledge increasing from 20% in the pre-test to 60% in the post-test. The average increase in knowledge score reached 40%, indicating that education through leaflets is effective in improving employees' understanding of neck pain. The conclusion of this study is that education using leaflets can increase employee awareness and knowledge about the importance of ergonomic work posture and muscle stretching to prevent neck pain. The study suggests that the company should continue the education program periodically and improve workplace ergonomics to reduce the risk of neck pain among employees.

This study analyzes the impact of employee welfare on working conditions at PT P, focusing on welfare policies and facilities such as health insurance, employment insurance, on-site clinic services, maternity leave, workload balance, and working hours. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through interviews and direct observation of several employees. The findings show that company-provided welfare positively influences working conditions. Health facilities and work protection increase employees' sense of security and comfort. In addition, fair working hours, sufficient rest time, and attention to both physical and psychological well-being enhance work motivation and employee loyalty. Employees feel appreciated when the company supports work-life balance, leading to a more productive, harmonious, and low-conflict work environment. The study concludes that employee welfare is a key factor in shaping the quality of the workplace. 

Islamic character education aims to continuously shape individual character by fostering the ability to live according to Islamic guidance. This study aims to explore the following aspects: the reinforcement program, the implementation of reinforcement, determining factors in the reinforcement, and the obstacles encountered in strengthening Islamic character education at MA Hidayatul Mubtadiin. This research employs a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and document analysis. The subjects of the study are the supervisor, principal, and teachers. The findings reveal that: (1) The formulated program is not yet complete or detailed, especially regarding budget allocation for teacher training activities. Nevertheless, the program is implemented as effectively as possible by the principal to strengthen Islamic character education; (2) The program is carried out by involving all school personnel; (3) The principal addresses the determining factors in strengthening Islamic character education through proper monitoring of each programmed activity; and (4) The main obstacle faced is the limited availability of funds for teacher training outside of regular working hours.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are the backbone of the economy, particularly in areas like Denpasar City, which serves as a central hub of economic activity in Bali. However, the COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges, severely impacting MSMEs’ net income. Declining purchasing power, mobility restrictions, and economic uncertainty forced business owners to struggle for survival. This highlights the need to understand the factors affecting MSMEs’ income in order to formulate strategic solutions. This study employs a quantitative associative approach to examine the influence between two or more variables. A sample of 100 MSMEs was selected using a proportional stratified random sampling technique based on the distribution of MSMEs across districts and business types. The results show that own capital, pricing, working hours, and access to the People's Business Credit (KUR) significantly affect MSME income in Denpasar City. Own capital is found to be the most dominant factor, followed by pricing and working hours. Access to KUR also plays an important role by providing easier access to additional capital, enabling business expansion and productivity improvement. Furthermore, the study confirms that competitive pricing and effective pricing strategies can enhance competitiveness and increase income. Longer working hours positively influence income by providing more opportunities to serve customers. Overall, access to KUR facilitates capital availability, ultimately supporting MSME growth and income in Denpasar City. Keywords: MSME Income, Denpasar City

Work fatigue and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are common health issues among workers in the weaving industry. Fatigue often results from excessive workload, while MSD complaints typically include pain in the back, neck, wrists, elbows, and legs. This study used a cross-sectional design with a total sample of 45 active weavers in Numponi Village. The results showed significant associations between work fatigue and age (p=0.003), work duration (p=0.007), working posture (p=0.002), workload (p=0.014), and working hours (p=0.017), but not with temperature (p=0.561). Similarly, MSD complaints were significantly associated with age (p=0.001), work duration (p=0.003), working posture (p=0.025), workload (p=0.003), and working hours (p=0.002), with no significant link to temperature (p=0.826). It is recommended that weavers apply proper ergonomic principles to reduce the risk of fatigue and MSDs.

PT.PP London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk combines the objectives of occupational safety and health into the management system at all levels of the company.  Management is responsible for preventing injuries and diseases due to work.  PT.PP London Sumatra Indonesia Tbk has succeeded in implementing an occupational safety and health management system to minimize work accidents.  The occupational safety and health management system program has been established in oil palm factory in the form of recruitment, education and training, counseling, use of personal protective equipment and appreciation.  Evaluation of the P2K3 work program on K3 policy can produce results, namely the acquisition of zero accident in the palm oil mill environment, in the factory environment there are no work accidents that cause loss of employee working days.  The influence and application of SMK3 can be proven from the lack of work accidents in the palm oil mill environment, and several awards are obtained about occupational safety.  PT.  PP London Sumatra Indonesia, Tbk was given a zero accident award for its achievements in implementing the Occupational Safety and Health Program (K3) so as to reach 2,596,288 working hours of people without work accidents, starting from January 1, 2012 to March 31  2016. Then won a gold flag award in SMK3 in Begerpang POM in 2009 and 2012. In the framework of implementing Government No. 50 of 2012 concerning the application of SMK3 in the workplace.

This journal discusses legal certainty for healthcare workers in cases of malpractice resulting from violations of working hours. The primary focus of this study is to identify the legal responsibilities that can be imposed on healthcare workers and the legal protections available to them. Through an analysis of regulations under Law No. 17 of 2023, the article finds that although a clear legal framework exists, challenges remain in its implementation. The study also highlights the importance of transparent and fair resolution procedures to protect the rights of healthcare workers and patients. Therefore, collaborative efforts between the government, professional organizations, and healthcare institutions are needed to create a safe and supportive work environment.

Road maintenance is a strategic effort to support community mobility and economic development. This study aims to determine the optimal duration and analyze the cost impacts of implementing the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method. The method is applied through critical path analysis and adding overtime hours to reduce the project duration. Data is collected from project documents such as daily reports, S-curves, and cost budget plans, then analyzed using Microsoft Project software. The results show that the project duration can be shortened to 117 days with an additional cost of IDR 176,614,724.00, which is lower than the potential delay penalty of 1% per day. This adjustment leads to a time savings of 8.6% without causing significant changes to the project's organizational structure. The TCTO method proves to be a practical solution for addressing delays while maintaining a balance between time and cost.

A lifter is a device used to lift and move objects or materials from one place to another. Lifters are commonly used in the industrial world, examples of lifters are forklifts, cranes, stackers, drum lifters and hydraulic lifters. A lifter is a device used to lift and move heavy objects such as wooden pallets, boxes, or other industrial goods. One of the important components of a lifter is the handle which functions as a hand grip to move the lifter. A lifter handle is a handle or hand grip to push a lifter. The right material to use as a handle lifter is SS400. SS400 (Structural Steel) is a low carbon steel (mild steel) that complies with ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials) A36 or JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) G3101 standards. The Handle Lifter manufacturing process includes the cutting process, namely cutting from an initial length of 6 meters to 150mm. The milling process is cutting lengths and thicknesses with a length of 135mm with a first thickness of 13mm, a second thickness of 15mm and a third thickness of 13mm. Drilling process, where this process involves making a hole with a diameter of 10mm. The grinding process is a finishing process that aims to smooth uneven surfaces. And finally, Quality Control is carried out to check whether or not the goods being produced are suitable. Based on the calculation results, the productivity value for making Handle Lifters in 1 day was obtained, where the working hours used were 8 hours, resulting in 17 Handle Lifters.

Human resources that are kinejaa person includes the mind and physical power that become an important element in an organization. In other words, the success of an organization depens largely on the performance of its employees, but in reality in schools employee performance is stil relatively low, this can be seen from the less effective working hours (not on time), and responsibility for tasks that are still lacking. Therefore, the principal and researchers are trying to find out what most affects the motivation and discipline of employees, so that employees performance problems that often occurin the organization or institution in the school can be solved, if it can not be resolved at least thereis an improvement in performance. This study aims to find out the influence of improving human resource performance through motivation and discipline in the work environment and to find out whether there are inhibitory factors and support the improvement of human resource performance through motivation and discipline in the work environment. Respondents in this study were selected using the proposiv sample method by distributing questionnaires to as many as 53 employees. It can be explained that the positive is claused by the work environment, discipline and work motivation. There is a significant positive influence of the work environment, discipline, and work motivation together on the performance of Human Resources.

This study aims to evaluate the performance appraisal system at MiniMarket Altavensa Tanjungpinang City. The research method used is qualitative research with data collection techniques used are interviews and observations. The sample used is purposive sampling. With the information, namely the study interviewed the mother (ET) as the owner, while the data analysis used is individual performance data. The results of the study indicate that the evaluation of this system can be seen from the results of the work, where most employees show success in achieving good work targets, such as daily sales targets, employee attendance rates are quite good, because there are still employees who are late from the specified working hours, the quality of service provided by employees is able to provide friendly and satisfying service to customers even during busy times such as promotions on religious holidays and communication between employees and managers is quite good seen from the way they communicate such as employees who respect the opinions of decision makers in completing tasks for common goals without creating hostility or discomfort.

This study aims to examine the relationship between mental health, non-physical work environment, and the performance of generation Z employees in Bekasi City. Generation Z, who were born between 1995 and 2010 or are currently in the age range of 13-28, are known for their characteristics that include high proficiency in using technology, high levels of involvement in social media. However, Generation Z employees have negative characteristics, namely being easily anxious and stressed when things don't go as they wish. Generation Z feels stress at work caused by their perception of a very competitive work environment, long working hours, and tight deadlines in completing their tasks. This study uses a qualitative method through the distribution of questionnaires. The population in this study were 50 generation Z employees in Bekasi City. This study tested the hypothesis and analyzed the data using SmartPLS (Partial Least Square) Computer Software version 3.0. The results of the analysis show that the influence of mental health has a significant influence on employee performance, while the influence of the non-physical work environment has a significant influence on employee performance.

The village is one of the jurisdictions of the legal community which has the boundaries of the territory authorized to regulate and administer government affairs. In this case the role of village government is very important because it concerns the service to the community. The maximum productivity of the village apparatus is one of the things that makes the government's goal achievable. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, conducting direct interviews with Kebumen Village officials and the people in that village. Based on research and analysis of performance indicators quality of work and quantity of work of the Kebumen Village Apparatus in carrying out their duties is considered not optimal, especially when there are still violations of work discipline, the violations related to working hours. Some factors inhibiting the performance of village apparatus in the form of a lack of number of village apparatus and a lack of development quality of human resources in Kebumen Village Apparatuses. It is necessary to make efforts to develop human resources for Kebumen Village Apparatuses to improve technical, theoretical and work discipline capabilities to improve apparatus performance Kebumen village.

This article discusses legal protection for PT Freeport Indonesia employees affected by Termination of Employment (PHK), focusing on government policies and their implementation in. The discussion will begin with the legal basis that protects employee rights, including Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and Government Regulation No. 35 of 2021, which regulates employment contracts, outsourcing, working hours, rest, and layoff procedures. This article will discuss employee rights after layoffs, such as compensation, severance pay, and social security. In addition, this article discusses the role of government institutions, such as the Ministry of Manpower, in ensuring that companies carry out layoff procedures in accordance with regulations. In addition, the challenges of law enforcement for employees such as limitations in dispute resolution and lack of access to information are also of concern. This article concludes with suggestions for improving legal protection for employees affected by layoffs.

This study aims to determine the effect of working hours and labor on wages with loyalty as an intervening variable (Case Study of Convection Tailors in Medan City). The research method used is a survey method by distributing questionnaires to respondents consisting of several convections in Medan City. This research uses quantitative methods, primary data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires. The population and sample were 85 respondents and used a saturated total sampling technique. This research uses SPSS statistical tools. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis methods. The results of this study indicate that Working Hours have a significant effect on Wages. This is evidenced by because the tcount for the Working Hours variable (2.314) is greater than the ttable (1.989) and the sig value is 0.014 <0.05. Labor has a significant effect on wages. This is evidenced by because the tcount for the Labor variable (3.609) is greater than the ttable (1.989) and the sig value is 0.001 <0.05. Loyalty cannot mediate the effect of working hours on wages. This is evidenced by because the tcount for the indirect effect of the Working Hours variable (0.007) is smaller than the ttable (1.989). Loyalty can mediate the effect of Labor on Wages. This is evidenced by because the tcount for the indirect effect of the Working Hours variable (2.025) is greater than the ttable (1.989). As well as Working Hours and Labor have a simultaneous and significant effect on Wages. This is evidenced by because the Fcount of (6.518) is greater than the Ftable (3.11) and the sig value of 0.002 <0.05.