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This study discusses the comparison of green economic policies implemented between Indonesia and Malaysia in supporting inclusive sustainable national development, which is examined normatively through a comparative study approach. Indonesia, through Law No. 30 of 2007 on Energy, Law No. 21 of 2014 on Geothermal Energy, and other regulations, has established a national green program encompassing environmental quality improvement, disaster resilience and climate change mitigation, low-carbon development, and renewable energy development as pillars of national development. Meanwhile, Malaysia's National Energy Policy 2022-2040 and other regulations stipulate that a green economy can be achieved through economic development, the utilization of sustainable energy resources, and environmental quality. Research findings indicate that Indonesia has not maximized the implementation of a green economy due to the ease of business permits granted to investors and limited regulations within specific scopes, while Malaysia has established more complex regulations regarding green investments, ensuring that permits are not issued arbitrarily.

Sentani Kota Village as a strategic area experiences significant pressure due to population growth and economic activities, facing complex problems including the conversion of agricultural land and forests into residential and commercial areas, low public awareness about sustainable spatial planning, and weaknesses in law enforcement and supervision. This condition potentially threatens the environmental sustainability and ecosystem of Lake Sentani. This study aims to evaluate the suitability of spatial utilization in Sentani Kota Village, Sentani District, Jayapura Regency, focusing on two main issues: the level of conformity between existing spatial utilization and the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) guidelines, and the factors that support and hinder the effectiveness of RTRW implementation. Conducting overlay analysis of existing conditions and spatial pattern maps, complemented by field verification at 28 observation points and stakeholder interviews with the Spatial Planning Agency. The results show that 76.5% (2,759.07 hectares) of spatial utilization conforms to RTRW guidelines, while 22.9% (825.98 hectares) remains non-conforming, and 0.6% (21.66 hectares) violates regulations. Supporting factors include routine monitoring protocols, high conformity levels in designated areas, firm enforcement actions, and community leadership involvement. Conversely, hindering factors encompass low public compliance, non-conforming zones prone to violations, inconsistent enforcement responses, various types of violations, limited sanction mechanisms, and inadequate preventive measures. This study recommends targeted enforcement in critical zones, transition planning for non-conforming areas, lake buffer zone management, enhanced community participation, and systematic monitoring protocols to achieve more effective spatial utilization control.

The rapid digital transformation has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, while simultaneously increasing the complexity of cyber threats faced by nations, including Indonesia. As a country with a high number of internet users, Indonesia is in a vulnerable position regarding cyberattacks that could threaten national stability. This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s national security strategy in responding to cyber threats through a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature review and document analysis. The findings show that Indonesia has implemented various strategic policies, including the establishment of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN), the enactment of regulations such as the Personal Data Protection Law, as well as the strengthening of international cooperation, human resource development, and the utilization of security technologies. However, significant challenges such as weak inter-agency coordination, low digital literacy, and limited infrastructure remain major obstacles to effective implementation. This study recommends strengthening governance, increasing institutional capacity, and involving multiple stakeholders to build a national cybersecurity system that is adaptive, inclusive, and sustainable.

The rapid development of information technology has significantly changed cybercrime, especially electronic document forgery. This re-search examines the utilization of digital forensics and information technology in proving the crime of electronic document forgery in In-donesia through a normative legal research approach. The research uses a statutory approach and a conceptual approach to analyze the ef-fectiveness of digital forensic methods in uncovering electronic crimes based on certain evaluation criteria including technical feasibility, legal acceptability, and procedural compliance with Indonesian law. The findings show that digital forensics has an important role in in-vestigating electronic document forgery, but faces complex implementation challenges. Key barriers include limited human resources, with only 147 certified digital forensics experts in Indonesia according to verified 2023 data from the Indonesian Digital Forensics Association (AFDI), and legal regulations that have not fully accommodated the evolving digital technology landscape. The research identifies signifi-cant technical barriers, such as the complexity of forensic technology, the volatility of digital evidence, and the rapid advancement of cyber-crime techniques. Through an examination of recent case studies including the Tokopedia data breach of 2023 and the Jakarta Administra-tive Court electronic document forgery case of 2022, this research demonstrates the practical application of digital forensics in Indonesian courts. The research proposes a balanced approach that fulfills both evidentiary and human rights protection requirements in digital inves-tigations. Strategic recommendations include strengthening the capacity of forensic laboratories, harmonizing legal regulations, and im-proving the competence of human resources in technology and law. This research contributes to the conceptual framework of cyber law enforcement by offering a comprehensive perspective on the evidentiary challenges of e-crime in the digital age.

This study aims to determine and analyze the role and effectiveness of the forestry police in overcoming illegal logging crimes. The type of research used is empirical juridical, by collecting data based on facts in the field and analyzed qualitatively descriptive. The role of the forestry police includes non-penal and penal efforts. Non-penal efforts are in the form of prevention such as providing appeals for environmental conservation, reforestation, supervision of forest utilization permits, mapping of vulnerable areas, and improving the quality and quantity of personnel. Penal efforts include arresting perpetrators, confiscating evidence, making minutes of examination, and coordinating with other law enforcement officials. Factors affecting the effectiveness of the forestry police include legal substance, legal structure, community culture, facilities and infrastructure, area compared to the number of personnel, population growth, and increasing modus operandi due to high demand for timber. Synchronization of regulations between sectors is needed to avoid overlapping rules. The government also needs to strengthen forestry police infrastructure and encourage active community involvement in preserving forests in North Gorontalo District.

This research discusses the legal protection of copyright with a focus on the criminal act of digital content piracy in Indonesia. Using normative legal research methods, this study highlights criminal penalties, the concept of restitution, and the impact of digital technology on copyright infringement. Primarily, the research explores the legal response to movie, music, and software piracy, detailing the criminal penalties provided for in Law Number 28 of 2014 on Copyright. In the context of digital technology, the research examines the role of technology in enhancing and challenging law enforcement against copyright infringement. The research conclusion emphasizes the importance of adaptive regulation, educational campaigns, and cross-sector collaboration, supported by the utilization of technology to enhance the effectiveness of law enforcement.

This study aims to describe and analyze: How is the appropriate technical management of regional assets based on applicable laws and efforts made by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets to optimize Regional Fiscal Potential. This study uses a qualitative method of the Case Study approach. The data collection techniques used in this study are through observation, interviews and documentation.  The data was analyzed using an interactive model analysis developed by Miles and Huberman with three procedures, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of the study show that the technical management of regional assets carried out by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets in order to optimize Regional Fiscal Potential includes Technical Utilization of Regional Assets in the form of Leases running in accordance with the rules that have been set, this can be seen from the policies used, namely the Governor of East Java Regulation Number 108 of 2018 concerning the Implementation Regulations of the East Java Province Regional Regulation Number 10 of 2017 concerning Management of Regional Property.Technical Utilization of Regional Assets in the Form of Borrowing and Using Property Based on Article 157 of Permendagri Number 19 of 2016, the Implementation of Borrowing and Use is outlined in the agreement and signed by: a.Borrowers and Governors/Regents/Mayors, for regional property that are in the Goods Manageriii; and b. Borrowers and Goods Managers, for regional property that is in the Goods Users.  The technical utilization of regional assets in the form of Build to Hand Over / Build to Hand Over is carried out through a Build to Hand Over Agreement / BOT (Bulit Operate Transfer) covering aspects of Civil Law, Land Law (Agrarian), and Administrative Law.  The Utilization of Regional Fixed Assets in the Form of Inventory Infrastructure Provision is carried out through SOPs consisting of four, namely; Issuance of Regional Head Decree on Infrastructure Provision Cooperation (KSPI), Selection and Determination of KSPI Partners, Implementation of KSPI and Termination of KSPI. Efforts made by the East Java Provincial Government in managing regional assets to optimize regional fiscal potential, including identification and inventory of the value and potential of regional assets, assessment of regional assets. Supervision and control of asset utilization, Regional asset management information system.

The Class 1 Immigration Office of East Jakarta plays a vital role in providing efficient immigration services, including passport and visa issuance, residence permits, and monitoring violations. These services are regulated by Law No. 6 of 2011 on Immigration, Government Regulation No. 31 of 2013, and internal policies. This study aims to analyze the communication strategy used by the office in implementing immigration services through a qualitative approach, collecting data via interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies. The study identifies three main components of the communication strategy: Knowledge Core, Shared Expectations, and Participative Culture. Findings show that the office’s communication strategy focuses on transparency, technology utilization, community engagement, external collaboration, and employee training. These efforts have helped maintain strong public relations and a positive image, as evidenced by the Public Service Quality Perception Survey (SPKP) results.

The phenomenon of sea fencing in Tangerang's coastal areas has sparked various debates from legal, social and environmental perspectives. This action raises questions regarding compliance with the principles of international law of the sea, particularly the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which regulates public access rights to waters. In the context of national law, regulations such as Law No. 32/2014 on Maritime Affairs and Law No. 1/2014 on the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands emphasize that public access to the sea must be managed in a fair and sustainable manner. This research aims to examine the juridical aspects of sea fencing using the approaches of international law of the sea and Indonesian national law. The method used is a literature study by analyzing various legal sources, scientific journals, and similar case studies in other countries. Descriptive-analytical analysis was conducted to assess the conformity of sea fencing with UNCLOS principles as well as its impact on the rights of coastal communities and the environment. The results of the study show that sea fencing in coastal Tangerang has the potential to violate the principles of UNCLOS 1982 and harm coastal communities who depend on the sea as a source of life. In addition, this action also risks causing ecological impacts that can disrupt the balance of the coastal environment. Therefore, stricter regulations and effective supervision are needed to ensure that marine area utilization policies remain in line with international and national law and do not harm the public interest.

This study aims to analyze the legal review of legal protection for consumers related to the circulation of drugs that do not have a distribution permit in Indonesia. The research method used in this study is the normative legal research method. The main data source in this study is a secondary legal source, consisting of laws and regulations governing the circulation of drugs. The results of this study indicate that legal protection for consumers related to the circulation of drugs without a distribution permit in Indonesia has been strictly regulated in various regulations. Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, and Regulation of the Head of BPOM Number 26 of 2017 provide a strong legal basis to ensure that drug products circulating in the market are safe and have obtained a valid distribution permit from BPOM. This aims to protect consumer rights so that they are not exposed to health risks caused by drugs that are not guaranteed to be safe. However, a major challenge faced is the high number of illegal drugs circulating, both on the black market and online platforms that are difficult to monitor. In addition, the lack of awareness from consumers also exacerbates this problem. Suboptimal supervision is also another challenge in this legal protection. The lack of utilization of technology in supervision is also a significant obstacle. Although there are regulations and supervisory authority from BPOM and pharmaceutical personnel, the distribution of drugs without a distribution permit remains a complex problem

This research aims to describe the system of efforts to preserve talempong pacik music in the Lawang Mandahiling district. This research is classified as qualitative research and the method used is descriptive analysis. The research instrument is the researcher himself as the main instrument. Data collection was carried out through the stages of literature study, observation, interviews, and audio and video recording. The results of this research are that Mr. Zulkarnai is preserving Talempong Pacik music in three ways, namely: 1) Protection, efforts to protect Talempong Pacik music are carried out by holding talempong music training at Mr. Zulkarnai's house. 2) Development, the art of talempong pacik music has now been developed by artists in Tanah Datar Regency, especially in Kenagarian Lawang Mandahiling. 3) Utilization, talempong pacik music has begun to be used to fill events, namely events, batagak galas, mutual cooperation and entertainment at Kenagarian Lawang Mandahiling. Steps to preserve talempopng pacik music in Kenagarian Lawang Mandahiling include: 1) Studying traditional music, 2) Introducing traditional music to the younger generation, 3) Maintaining traditional music, 4) Introducing traditional music to the outside world.

This study aims to describe and analyze: the management of Regional Original Revenue in Regional Revenue of Malang Regency for regional development, the obstacles faced by the Regional Government of Malang Regency in the Management of Regional Original Revenue and the efforts made as well as the recommendations of the PAD management model. The research is descriptive analysis with the type of research being field research. The data analysis technique uses a technique developed by McNabb (2002), namely Grouping the data according to key constructs, identifying bases for interpretation, developing generalizations from the data, Testing Alternative interpretations and Forming and/or refining generalizable theory from case study. The results of the study show that regional financial management in Malang Regency, especially the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) management policy in Malang Regency, has not been fulfilled because the Regional Government of Malang Regency has not made sufficient and adequate contributions or regional revenues have not been in accordance with what is hinted at in the 2023 budget period. Some of the obstacles faced by Malang Regency in managing local revenue are: a. Limited authority in the collection of Regional Original Revenue. b. Human Resources (HR) of government apparatus to support the mastery, utilization and development of science and technology, supporting facilities and infrastructure, especially to provide convenience for taxpayers and in the development of the management of potential and sources of income need to be improved. Efforts made to increase the Regional Revenue of Malang Regency for the implementation of development are as. Intensifying and extensifying regional taxes and regional levies and exploring the potential of regional revenues to be developed by referring to existing laws and regulations

This research raises the theme of the existence of traditional Minangkabau food, specifically Lapek Barajuik among the Pakandangan community, to understand how well this food is currently thriving.  The main question posed is how to maintain its existence amidst the advancement of the times.  This research aims to describe the existence of this food and identify the obstacles faced by the community in enhancing its existence.  The method used is qualitative research with a descriptive approach, through data collection from observation, interviews, and documentation.  Data analysis was conducted through data collection, reduction, display, and verification.  The research results show that Lapek Barajuik plays an important role in the culture of the Pakandangan community, known for its unique shape and taste, as well as being a symbol of identity and ancestral heritage.  Although there is interest from the community, including the younger generation, this food faces challenges such as competition with modern foods, seasonal nature, and lack of technological utilization in promotion.  In conclusion, the existence of Lapek Barajuik among the Pakandangan community, especially the older generation, is still preserved.  They appreciate this food as an important part of the culinary tradition.  Its appeal, especially its unique shape, creates a special impression when a son-in-law brings this food as a gift to the in-laws' house, making it symbolic in the family visit tradition.  On the other hand, the interest of the younger generation in it has declined due to the abundance of modern food variations, although they still like this dish, as evidenced during certain events where Lapek Barajuik became a choice and was favored by the community.

The rapid advancement of digital technology, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), has reshaped various sectors, including the field of law. This study aims to examine the integration of AI in law firms’ operations, focusing on its potential benefits, legal challenges, and ethical implications in the Indonesian legal context. This research employs a qualitative approach through a normative juridical method, supported by literature review and case analysis related to the use of AI in legal practice. Relevant legislation, including Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, is analyzed to assess the existing regulatory framework. The study reveals that while AI enhances efficiency in tasks such as document analysis, case prediction, and legal drafting, it also raises concerns about algorithm reliability, data bias, and the absence of specific AI-related legal regulations in Indonesia. Law firms must ensure transparency, accountability, and ethical responsibility when adopting AI to align with the principles of justice. Human interaction remains crucial to maintain trust and professional integrity in client services. The research contributes to the ongoing discourse on developing legal and ethical frameworks for AI implementation in the legal sector. It suggests the need for comprehensive regulation and professional guidelines to optimize AI utilization while safeguarding justice and ethical standards. The study is intended for publication in a national academic journal.

The purpose of this study is to find out the utilization of natural resources managed by residents based on Islamic economics as sustainable development. This study uses a qualitative research approach. This type of research is Field research. This research was conducted at the Karo Indah Natural Bath located in Namu Ukur Sel., Sei Bingai District, Lalat Regency, North Sumatra. In this study, the primary data used was sourced from interviews, namely with the tourism manager of the Karo Indah Natural Bath and interviews with traders and the community around 2 people. The data collection technique in this study is through interviews and direct observation. The data analysis technique in this study is data reduction where the researcher will describe how to optimize the population in utilizing natural resources in improving sustainable development (SDGs) in Namu Ukur Langkat village from an Islamic economic perspective. The results of the study show that the Karo Indah Nature Bath tourist attraction in the perspective of Islamic economics is in line because there is a sale and purchase contract that is allowed in Islam and the norms that exist in society and do not contradict the law related to Islamic economics. Where this is seen from the business with an increase in halal income is carried out in a good way and for a good purpose as well. Then, the residents of Namu Ukur village also use natural resources well and not excessively, in the sense that residents always maintain the cleanliness and beauty of the natural resources used. In this case, the community's economy has also increased due to the existence of long business opportunities by utilizing these natural resources.

This study aims to examine the illegal land ownership of the Pusong Reservoir in Banda Sakti Subdistrict, Lhokseumawe City by the local community, viewed from the perspective of Islamic law, specifically the concept of milk al-daulah, and national legislation, particularly Law No. 17 of 2019 on Water Resources. The phenomenon of land ownership in the reservoir has resulted in various impacts, including ecosystem damage and the potential for conflicts between the community and the government. This research uses a juridical-sociological approach with a descriptive-analytical qualitative method. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and literature studies. The findings show that the community’s ownership of the reservoir land, which is used for business and residential purposes, is in conflict with the principle of milk al-daulah and Law No. 17 of 2019, which stipulates that water resources are controlled by the state and must be used for public interest. The weak implementation of government oversight in managing this land has led to an imbalance between the interests of the community and the state. This study recommends better management of the reservoir land to ensure ecosystem sustainability and community welfare.  

The building to be utilized should undergo regular inspections and performance testing to determine whether it can function and operate according to its intended use. Compliance with administrative and technical regulations governing the utilization of buildings is demonstrated through the issuance of a Building Worthiness Certificate (SLF). This study aims to assess the compatibility of the building's function with the conditions during the planning phase and evaluate the structural feasibility of the building. It also seeks to implement the provisions of Government Regulation No. 16 of 2021 regarding the Implementation of Law No. 28 of 2002 on Buildings. Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that the structural suitability of the MSC Indosat Baturaden building has changed compared to the planned building. Initially designed as a battery storage building, it is currently used as an MSC building or a facility for storing batteries and servers. Additionally, there are discrepancies in the area specified in the original Building Permit (IMB) compared to the current building. Further analysis of the building's structure and the application of current regulations regarding structural serviceability, including dynamic load analysis (earthquake), inter-story drift analysis, P-Delta analysis, and structural cross-section checks, concluded that the building is safe as it meets the requirements specified in SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The highest structural cross-section capacity ratio was 0.2 < 1, and the inter-story drift value was 0.023 < 0.07. The existing concrete material meets the structural standards, with a characteristic compressive strength of 28.98 MPa. The results of the rebar scan detector test showed that the type of reinforcement used complies with the standards specified during the planning phase, referring to SNI 07–0408–1989. Overall, the structural analysis results for the MSC Indosat Baturaden building indicate that the building is safe and remains fit for use.    

Land as the wealth of the Indonesian nation must be utilized for the greatest prosperity of the people. To achieve this utilization, land consolidation needs to be carried out as an effort to increase the utility and results of land use and to align individual interests with the social function of land in the context of implementing development. Land is the basic capital for development and supports the running of the economy, there is almost no development activity that does not require land. Land plays a very important role, even determining the success or failure of a development. The nature of this research is descriptive, the results of this research are expected to obtain a factual picture or description of the land consolidation policy towards the re-arrangement of land ownership and use in Tanjung Sena Village, Sibiru-Biru District, Deli Serdang Regency, where the objects of land consolidation are land, residential buildings, dry land such as oil palms and fields, and village roads. Land consolidation as one of the efforts to increase the utility and results of land use. Land utilization needs to be implemented in the form of land regulation, control, and management. The use and utilization of land is carried out by re-arranging, partnership efforts, transfer and release of land rights in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. In the framework of land use management, guidance and control are carried out. Guidance is carried out through the provision of guidelines, guidance, training, and direction, while control is carried out through supervision such as supervision, reporting and regulation. The implementation of the regional spatial planning design is not always effective in the field, some people still assume that land rights are absolute rights, meaning rights that cannot be violated against land even though land rights contain social functions, land can be used by anyone as long as legal procedures have been taken, especially if the prospective land user is the state and is used for public interest.are fun for children such as singing, storytelling, role playing and involving parents in learning at home.

This community service project sought to investigate the significance of community oversight in village fund management, focusing on Belabaja Village. Socialization and observational activities revealed a low level of community participation in monitoring the management of village funds. Factors contributing to this low participation include limited public awareness, inadequate socialization efforts by the village government, community members' busy schedules, and a lack of strong relationships between village officials and the community. Despite these challenges, community oversight remains essential for ensuring transparency and accountability in the utilization of village funds. The study concludes that there is a need to enhance public awareness of the importance of oversight and to foster stronger partnerships between village governments and the community to achieve sustainable development objectives.

Internet users in the use of information have given rise to two opposite sides, where on the one hand it is easier in terms of access and utilization of information, while on the other hand it causes various kinds of illegal acts, one of which is copyright infringement in the form of film piracy which is currently inserted through illegal streaming sites resulting in losses for the creators of cinematographic works. This of course violates the ITE Law and the Joint Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights and the Minister of Communication and Informatics concerning the Implementation of Content Closure and/or User Access Rights, Copyright Infringement and/or Related Rights in Electronic Systems. This research is a normative juridical research using a legislative and conceptual approach, using legal materials from literature and the internet as a source of legal materials. The results of the study show: (1) The form of legal protection for the creators of cinematographic works in film piracy on illegal streaming sites is reviewed from the ITE Law in a preventive manner regulated in Articles 23-25, Article 25, Article 32 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the ITE Law and has been repressively regulated in Article 48 paragraphs (1) and (2) of the ITE Law and the Joint Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights & the Minister of Communication and Information related to Content Closure. (2) The effectiveness of the legal protection provided by the government to the creators of cinematographic works in the piracy of films on illegal streaming sites provided by the government through the ITE Law and the Joint Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights and the Minister of Communication and Informatics related to site blocking cannot be said to be effective until now because the legal factor itself has not sufficiently accommodated the protection of creators clearly in the event of film piracy on illegal streaming sites.