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An Illustrated Storybook of Sir Alex Ferguson’s Coaching Career at Manchester United is designed to narrate the journey of one of the most prominent figures in the world of football from the United Kingdom. This project addresses the lack of engaging and inspiring reading materials for Indonesian adolescents, particularly those that present biographical content in an illustrated format. The book aims to serve as an alternative form of educational and motivational media, with the ultimate goal of fostering reading interest among young readers in Indonesia. The visual elements of the book are rendered in a semi-realistic, full-color illustration style to enhance appeal and accessibility for the target audience—teenagers. The design process utilizes the glass box method, which involves the collection of data and information from external sources. These sources include academic journals, articles, websites, films, YouTube content, autobiographical e-books, and other relevant digital platforms. Data collection is conducted to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, the problem-solving approach employed is based on the 5W+1H analytical framework (What, Why, Who, When, Where, and How). The final outcome of this undergraduate thesis project is a primary medium in the form of an illustrated storybook. It is further supported by a variety of promotional media such as an e-book, T-shirt, drawstring bag, X-banner, stickers, keychains, and posters.

Amethyst crystal is one type of rock that is widely studied in the field of geology, especially because of its beauty and interesting formation process. Amethyst is a variety of quartz mineral (SiO2) that is purple in color due to the presence of oxidized iron ions. As a mineral that is often used in jewelry, amethyst also has high economic value. The Geological Museum often displays amethyst crystals to provide more insight into the geological processes that occur beneath the earth's surface and the importance of recognizing various types of minerals and rocks. The purpose of exhibiting Amethyst Crystals at the Geological Museum is to provide information and knowledge to the public about the geological properties of Amethyst Crystals and their role in the world of geology and their formation process. The implications of Amethyst Crystals provide deeper insight into the geological and mineralogical processes to the public, thereby increasing understanding of the earth and nature.

One of the provinces in Indonesia that has a variety of traditional cuisine is West Sumatra. Introducing traditional cuisine to the next generation is one way to maintain culture so that it is not forgotten. This traditional introduction still tends to be passed down through oral traditions from previous generations to the cuisine of their predecessors, usually through communication and people's living habits so that it is less than optimal in the long term. The best way to introduce traditional cuisine to children in the long term is to use reading media. Therefore, a cultural introduction was designed for children aged between 9-12 years in illustration-based book media. The design uses the ADDIE approach (Analysis, Design, Development, Implement, Evaluate). The aim of this book is to broaden children's understanding of traditional West Sumatran cuisine.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of Civic and Pancasila Education (PPKn) in instilling the spirit of unity and integrity among elementary school (SD) students. Using a qualitative approach through a literature review method, this research examines various scholarly works and relevant studies to develop effective and contextual PPKn learning strategies. The findings reveal that PPKn plays a strategic role in shaping national character through the understanding of national values, legal norms, and national identity. Programs such as “Sahabat Pancasila” serve as successful examples of implementing unity values in real school settings. However, challenges remain, such as the lack of variety in teaching methods and the low level of students' affective engagement. Therefore, recommended strategies include value-based learning models, contextual approaches, and regular teacher training. This research is expected to contribute to the development of character education policies and strengthen the role of PPKn in nurturing a young generation that is patriotic and tolerant.

This study aims to determine and analyze the key factors that influence and significantly contribute to online purchasing decisions among consumers in Manado City, North Sulawesi. The research adopts a quantitative approach with factor analysis as the main method of data analysis. Judgmental sampling was employed to select participants who have experience in online shopping. Based on the results, seven dominant factors were identified that affect consumer decisions when making online purchases. These factors include: (a) Consumer Limitations and Access, which refer to time constraints and limited access to physical stores; (b) Desire and Technology, highlighting the role of consumer interest and technological literacy; (c) Product and Price Limitations, involving the lack of product variety and pricing differences; (d) Flexibility, which represents the freedom to shop anytime and anywhere; (e) Efficiency, such as time and cost savings; (f) Convenience, referring to the ease of the purchasing process; and (g) Economy and Social, which include discounts, promotions, and social influences. The study contributes to a better understanding of consumer behavior in digital commerce and provides useful insights for businesses and marketers to improve online customer experiences, particularly in regional markets such as Manado. The findings underscore the multidimensional nature of online shopping behavior in a rapidly growing digital economy.

Technological shifts and changing consumer behaviors require organizations to continuously innovate in order to remain competitive. In this context, creative leadership plays a strategic role in driving market disruption through the development of relevant and adaptive business model innovations. This study adopts a qualitative approach based on secondary data using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. A variety of academic sources, including journal articles and case studies of companies such as Netflix, Gojek, and Ruangguru, were systematically analyzed to identify strategic leadership patterns in creating disruption. The findings indicate that creative leaders do more than just adopt technology—they design innovation ecosystems that foster experimentation, continuous learning, and responsiveness to market needs. Strategies such as digital platform development, big data utilization, and business model transformation serve as key tools in challenging conventional market boundaries. This study contributes conceptually to the understanding of the relationship between creative leadership and business model innovation in navigating the complexities of the digital era.

Technological shifts and changing consumer behaviors require organizations to continuously innovate in order to remain competitive. In this context, creative leadership plays a strategic role in driving market disruption through the development of relevant and adaptive business model innovations. This study adopts a qualitative approach based on secondary data using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. A variety of academic sources, including journal articles and case studies of companies such as Netflix, Gojek, and Ruangguru, were systematically analyzed to identify strategic leadership patterns in creating disruption. The findings indicate that creative leaders do more than just adopt technology—they design innovation ecosystems that foster experimentation, continuous learning, and responsiveness to market needs. Strategies such as digital platform development, big data utilization, and business model transformation serve as key tools in challenging conventional market boundaries. This study contributes conceptually to the understanding of the relationship between creative leadership and business model innovation in navigating the complexities of the digital era.

The creation of the Muntei Tourism Village in the Mentawai Islands' South Siberut District is a calculated move that intends to draw tourists while also significantly enhancing the local economy and conserving the native way of life. This community needs the proper management plan because of its natural and cultural riches, which might be turned into a tourist destination. In this regard, village government institutions play a critical role in fostering community involvement, fostering local creativity, and incorporating potential into initiatives for the development of sustainable tourism. Observation, in-depth interviews, and recording were the methods used to collect data for this descriptive qualitative study, which involved informants from a variety of related fields. The study's conclusions highlight how crucial the village government's strategic role is in creating and carrying out policies for the development of tourist villages, especially Muntei Tourism Village. The tactics used not only take economic factors into consideration, but also preserve environmental equilibrium and enhance the community's cultural identity. It is envisaged that this research will contribute to a better understanding of sustainable and successful tourism village development techniques.

Along with the development of the era, many hotels and restaurants have sprung up both in big cities and in small towns. Thus, it can be seen that the business sector has become an arena of fierce and never-ending competition. The increasing establishment of restaurants in various places is the result of increasing market demand. Understanding the elements that influence the level of customer satisfaction is important. The purpose of this study is to explain how the influence of menu variation, taste and price on consumer satisfaction mediated by service quality. This study uses the theory of Planned Behavior with a sample size of 100 people and uses a purposive sampling technique. Data collection in this study was carried out using a questionnaire method via google form. The data analysis technique used in this study is SEM-PLS. The results of the study showed that the menu, taste, price have a significant effect on service quality, taste, price and service quality have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction while the menu does not have a significant effect on waiter satisfaction. Taste and price have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction through service quality as mediation, while the menu does not affect consumer satisfaction mediated by service quality. The results of this study can be used by cafes and restaurants to improve their services so that they can increase the satisfaction of consumers who come..

Culinary micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Banjarnegara face significant challenges in managing innovations and implementing adequate hygiene standards. The limited knowledge and skills of MSME actors in these two aspects have an impact on low competitiveness and business sustainability in the midst of increasingly fierce market competition. This community service program aims to increase the capacity of culinary MSMEs through innovation management training and the implementation of hygiene standards. The program methodology includes a series of workshops, training sessions, and hands-on mentoring that are designed in a participatory and contextual manner according to local needs. The training material is comprehensively arranged, covering theoretical and practical aspects relevant to the characteristics of culinary MSMEs in Banjarnegara. The results of the program implementation showed a significant increase in participants' understanding of the importance of product innovation and the implementation of hygiene standards. The real impact of this program can be seen in improving product quality and variety, production process efficiency, and increasing revenue by 30-50% within six months after training. In addition, there has been a change in business behavior that is more adaptive and sustainability-oriented. The success of this program confirms the importance of a structured and participatory approach in empowering MSMEs, and shows that interventions based on local needs can produce significant economic and social impacts. The implementation model of this program has the potential to be replicated for the development of MSMEs in other sectors and regions with appropriate contextual adjustments.

This research is motivated by the problem of communication in economic transactions in the Aru Islands District, which is recruited by a multi-ethnic community with a variety of regional languages. Although Indonesian has great potential as a national communication tool, its use in local economic activities is still limited, thus hampering the smooth interaction between traders and buyers. This communication inefficiency has an impact on the negotiation process and local economic competitiveness. This study aims to instill the role of Indonesian in facilitating economic transactions, identify barriers to use, and develop strategies to improve Indonesian language skills in the community. The approach used is descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological method. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and document studies, with informants selected using purposive sampling techniques to obtain data relevant to the local economic context. Expected results include an understanding of the contribution of Indonesian in increasing the effectiveness of transactions, revealing communication challenges, and strategies for improving contextual and applicable language literacy. These findings can provide practical contributions to local governments, educational institutions, and business actors in developing language training programs that support economic activities. From a theoretical perspective, this research enriches the study of the relationship between language and economic development, especially in multilingual areas such as the Aru Islands.

Museums have an important role in preserving human and natural cultural heritage, with the main task of collecting, maintaining, securing and displaying collections for educational and research purposes. The Sang Nila Utama Museum in Pekanbaru is an example of a museum that focuses on pre serving Riau Malay culture, functioning as a storage place for artifacts as well as a center for learning local history. The use of this museum in the learning process has been proven to increase public understanding, especially students, regarding the socio-cultural life of the Malay community and the history of Riau. With a variety of collections including artifacts, dioramas and miniatures, this museum provides an interactive experience that enriches knowledge of local history, while strengthening a sense of pride in regional and national cultural identity

This study aims to analyze the teaching and learning process of Natural Sciences (IPA) on the topic of the universe in Class VI at SD Negeri 101866 Batang Kuis, Pekan. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method, utilizing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the learning process adheres to the applicable curriculum, yet some abstract concepts in the universe material remain challenging for students to grasp. The teacher plays an active role in facilitating student understanding by employing a variety of teaching methods, including lectures, discussions, and demonstrations. However, the study reveals that these methods, while effective, may not fully engage students in the learning process. It is suggested that more innovative and student-centered strategies are necessary to foster greater student involvement and understanding. Additionally, the research indicates that the use of technology-based learning media could significantly enhance the students' learning experience by making abstract concepts more tangible. Furthermore, adopting a contextual learning approach, where students can connect the material to real-life situations, is recommended to increase student comprehension and retention. This study emphasizes the importance of adapting teaching methods to the evolving needs of students and integrating modern educational tools to make learning more interactive and meaningful. Ultimately, the study suggests that incorporating these strategies will improve the overall effectiveness of teaching Natural Sciences in elementary school classrooms.

The irrigation efficiency is an important component on assessing the performance of an irrigation system. The analysis of irrigation loss is needed to obtain the amount of water lost along the channel. Water loss can be caused by a variety of factors, including water leakage along the canal, evaporation, and infiltration. This can certainly reduce the efficiency of water use. Irrigation a water loss analysis is very important to improve irrigation performance. This analysis will help you understand how much water is lost and what factors contribute to water loss. Based on this understanding, preventive measures can be taken and improvements can be made to increase productivity and water use efficiency. This research aims to evaluate the level of channel efficiency and measure the amount of water loss in the main channel in the Senden Irrigation Area.. The method of research implementation is to measure water discharge directly in the field. The result analysis showed that the average percentage of water loss in Senden main canal was 56.63%.  Maximum water loss value was recorded at 60.86%, while the minimum value was 52.55%. Factors affecting water loss due to evaporation showed an average value of 0.0685%, while water loss due to seepage was recorded at a very small 0.0003%. For the channel efficiency value shows that an average percentage of 43%. It is obtained with a maximum channel efficiency of 47% and a minimum channel efficiency of 39%. However, the water balance analysis shows a maximum value of 11.45 m3 /second. While the minimum value is -0.04 m3 / second.

As a literary genre with its own appeal, short stories (qishshah qashirah) and poetry (shi'r) offer a unique and beneficial reading experience for students. However, learning to read Arabic literary texts often presents various challenges. This study aims to analyze in depth the reading skills of Arabic literary texts, specifically short stories and poetry, at Madrasah Aliyah. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, which aims to observe and describe events, phenomena, attitudes, social activities, perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts of individuals or groups. Data collection is conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique follows the Miles and Huberman model, which consists of three main stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that students' ability to read Arabic literary texts, both short stories and poetry, remains relatively low. Several internal and external factors influence this ability, including limited vocabulary (mufradat), which causes students to struggle in understanding texts, frequently pause, guess word meanings, or even give up entirely. Additionally, weak proficiency in Arabic grammar (nahwu and sharaf) further hinders their comprehension of sentence structures in literary texts. To address these challenges, three strategies can be implemented by educators to enhance students' reading skills: utilizing diverse learning media, selecting engaging and relevant themes, and providing a variety of reading resources.

Signs of danger in the third trimester of pregnancy are important indicators for preventing obstetric complications that can potentially increase the risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. However, the level of awareness and preparedness of mothers in recognizing signs of danger often depends on access to education and the quality of information received during pregnancy. Maternity classes are one of the educational strategies recommended in antenatal care to improve mothers' attitudes and understanding of pregnancy health. This study aims to analyze the effect of antenatal classes on mothers' attitudes toward danger signs in the third trimester at the Galala Inpatient Health Center. This study used a quantitative analytical design with a post-test only design approach. The study sample consisted of 30 pregnant women in their third trimester who were selected using total sampling technique. Data collection was conducted using a closed-ended questionnaire based on a Likert scale that had been tested for validity and reliability (α = 0.82). Data analysis was performed descriptively because the distribution of respondents' attitude scores was homogeneous. The results showed that all respondents (100%) had a fairly positive attitude towards pregnancy danger signs after attending the pregnancy class. These findings indicate that pregnancy classes play a role in increasing mothers' awareness of health risks during pregnancy, although they have not yet reached the optimal attitude category. The conclusion of this study confirms that pregnancy classes contribute to improving maternal attitudes and need to be improved through a variety of educational methods and increased frequency of meetings to support stronger attitude change.

The film Surat Cinta Untuk Starla, directed by Rudi Aryanto, employs a variety of camera shot techniques to explore the depth of its main characters and deliver powerful emotions to the audience. This study aims to analyze the use of camera shot techniques in the film, focusing on close-ups, medium shots, long shots, and tracking shots. These techniques are utilized to portray the characters' emotional expressions, interactions, and to enhance the theme of emotional journeys within the story. Through a qualitative approach with a literature review, the research highlights how camera shot techniques support the film's narrative and deepen the emotional connection between the audience and the characters. The analysis reveals that the appropriate choice of camera shot techniques can elevate the film's visual and emotional quality, creating a profound impact on the understanding of its story and characters.

A paragraph is the smallest unit in written discourse which has an important role in building text cohesion and coherence. However, a lack of understandiag of the structure and function of paragraphs often becomes an obstacle in writing, especially in the context of learning Indonesian at the high school level. This research aims to analyze the structure and function of paragraphs in various types of text, such as narrative, descriptive and expository, and identify patterns that support communication effectiveness. This research uses a qualitative method with a content analysis approach. Data were obtained from five Indonesian high school level textbooks chosen randomly. The analysis focuses on paragraph structure (subject, predicate, object) and characteristics of text types. The research instrument includes guidelines for paragraph structure analysis, classification of text types, and criteria for effective paragraphs. The research results show that each type of text has a unique paragraph structure and function pattern, in accordance with its communication objectives. Narrative paragraphs support the storyline, descriptive create images, and expository convey factual information logically. In conclusion, understanding the structure and function of paragraphs can improve students' writing skills. This research recommends strengthening learning strategies that focus on analyzing paragraph structure and text variety to improve students' writing skills effectively.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays an important role in the formation of students' character and understanding of religious teachings. However, in practice, not a few students face difficulties in understanding PAI material, both in terms of cognitiveness and affective. These difficulties can be caused by a variety of factors, such as differences in academic ability, lack of motivation, or socio-cultural problems. Therefore, the right strategy from PAI teachers in overcoming learning difficulties is very necessary. This article aims to identify various strategies that PAI teachers can apply to help students overcome learning difficulties. Based on a literature review, there are several approaches that have proven to be effective, including the use of varied learning methods, the use of educational technology, the provision of intensive guidance, and the strengthening of student motivation and character. In addition, the importance of constructive evaluation and feedback in the learning process is also one of the keys in improving the effectiveness of PAI learning. By implementing these strategies, it is hoped that the learning difficulties faced by students can be overcome, and the quality of PAI learning can be improved.

Pancasila serves as the cornerstone of the Indonesian state and way of life, and it is crucial in fostering diversity. Maintaining unity is difficult for Indonesia because of its ethnic, cultural, religious, and linguistic diversity. These disparities can be brought together by the moral and ethical pillars of Pancasila, which include Divinity, Humanity, Unity, Democracy, and Justice. This article explores how Pancasila can serve as a framework for resolving possible disputes and fostering intergroup tolerance. It is desired that variety would continue to be the primary strength of the Indonesian people by emphasizing the application of Pancasila values in daily life. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method to explore the strategic role of Pancasila in the context of diversity. The results of the study show that strengthening the understanding and practice of Pancasila values ​​in all levels of society is the key to success in maintaining unity amidst the nation's diversity.