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The distribution of social assistance in Indonesia faces challenges such as inaccurate recipient data, overlapping programs, and limitations of traditional data management systems that lead to inaccurate targeting of aid. This study proposes a social assistance distribution optimization system using the Greedy algorithm that assesses recipient priorities based on economic conditions, number of family members, location, and urgency of needs with certain weights to produce objective rankings. This system is implemented in a JavaScript-based web application without external frameworks, making it lightweight and easily accessible. Simulations with 20 prospective recipients and a quota of 10 slots and validation with a dataset of 10,000 entries show that the Greedy algorithm produces identical results to Dynamic Programming but is much faster (669 times faster). In terms of complexity, this algorithm has O(n log n) time and O(n) space, and meets the requirements of the Greedy Choice Property and Optimal Substructure, making it a practical and efficient solution for managing large-scale social assistance distribution in Indonesia.

This study analyzes the strategic role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in managing Indochinese refugees namely from Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos on Galang Island during the period 1979–1996. The “boat people” crisis at that time required a multisectoral response that was not only emergency-based but also sustainable, linking Indonesia’s transit policies with applicable international protection standards. Using a literature review method of international journal articles and program technical documents, this study finds that NGOs performed crucial functions beyond mere logistical assistance, particularly through structured educational planning such as the Overseas Refugee Training Program (ORTP). Recent literature indicates that NGO consortia such as SCF and EIL, along with faith-based organizations such as JRS, YCK, and ICMC, played a significant role in fostering refugee self-reliance through cultural orientation curricula and work simulation programs (Work Orientation). Despite various structural challenges and resource limitations, the experience on Galang Island demonstrates the effectiveness of partnerships between NGOs and the government in supporting adaptive and sustainable regional humanitarian diplomacy.

This study aims to describe the transformation of Biology learning through the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to strengthen 21st-century skills at a State Senior High School in Waingapu, East Sumba. Amidst the limitations of physical laboratory facilities, AI emerges as an innovative solution to visualize abstract biological concepts. This research employs a qualitative approach, with data collection techniques involving observation, interviews with teachers and students, and documentation studies. The results indicate that the utilization of AI platforms, such as Generative AI and virtual simulations, significantly shifts the student learning paradigm from rote memorization to active inquiry. The integration of AI has proven effective in reinforcing the 4C skills (Critical Thinking, Creativity, Collaboration, and Communication). Students have become more critical in validating information, creative in designing science projects, and more collaborative in classroom discussions. Furthermore, AI assists teachers in streamlining instructional time, allowing for deeper conceptual exploration. Despite challenges regarding local internet stability, this transformation represents a strategic step in narrowing the educational quality gap between peripheral and urban areas. In conclusion, the implementation of AI, coupled with adaptive teacher guidance, is highly effective in developing competitive students in the digital era.

This study analyzes the performance of three types of controllers—PID, Fuzzy-PID, and Model Predictive Control (MPC)—in maintaining water level stability in a dam system. Proper water level regulation is essential to prevent flooding, ensure adequate water distribution, and maintain the structural safety of the dam. Previous studies have widely implemented PID and Fuzzy-PID controllers; however, MPC offers significant advantages through system prediction and multivariable optimization. This research compares the performance of the three controllers through simulation analysis using a second-order mathematical model. The results indicate that MPC has the potential to deliver a faster settling time and a smaller steady-state error compared to PID and Fuzzy-PID, although it requires higher computational complexity.

This study discusses the design and simulation of an automatic lighting system based on a photodiode sensor using an Arduino Uno microcontroller as the main controller. The system is designed to detect changes in ambient light intensity and automatically control the lamp without human intervention. The photodiode sensor is used as a light detector that converts light energy into an analog electrical signal, which is then processed by the Arduino to determine bright or dark conditions. The output from the Arduino subsequently controls a relay module that functions as an electronic switch to connect or disconnect the current to the light bulb. The research method employed is an experimental approach, which includes system planning, hardware design, software programming, simulation using Proteus, and system performance testing. The simulation results indicate that the system operates as expected, where the lamp automatically turns on when the light intensity decreases and turns off when the ambient brightness increases. This system is expected to improve electrical energy efficiency and provide ease of operation for lighting control, particularly in public facilitiesand workplace environments.

Population growth and socio-economic activities increase traffic volume, affecting the performance of the Raden Kusno – A. Djaelani – Sujarwo signalized intersection. This study aims to analyze the intersection’s current performance, estimate its condition over the next five years, and formulate alternative treatment strategies. The research data include geometric characteristics, signal timing, vehicle speed, and traffic volume obtained from CCTV recording over a three-day observation period from moning to evening, as well as population and vehicle data for projection. The intersection performance was analyzed using the PKJI 2023 approach and VISSIM simulation. Under current conditions, the intersection operates at LOS E with delays of 45,12 seconds (PKJI 2023) dan 60,56 seconds (VISSIM). In the five-year projection, delays increase to 48,97 seconds with LOS E (PKJI 2023) and 131,29 seconds with LOS F (VISSIM). Modifying the signal from four to three phases with a 70-second cycle improves the current condition to LOS C, with delays of 24,50 seconds (PKJI 2023) and 29,43 seconds (VISSIM). For the five-year projection, adding a continuous left-turn lane results in LOS D with 27,04 seconds (PKJI 2023) and LOS C with 32,01 seconds (VISSIM).

This research aims to analyze the influence of thermal conditions; specifically the temperature difference between the test object and the environment; on the characteristics of air flow and heat transfer around it. The object of this study is a test piece subjected to free air flow under various temperature conditions; focusing on the convection heat transfer phenomenon. The main problem addressed is how temperature variations affect the convection heat transfer coefficient; heat transfer rate; and heat flux; as well as changes in air velocity and pressure profiles. Therefore; the objective of this research is to quantitatively compare and assess these thermal and fluid parameters through an experimental study approach and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation. The methodology involves direct measurement of temperature and pressure parameters under low and high-temperature conditions; which are then processed to determine the convection coefficient (); heat transfer rate (); and heat flux (). The main findings indicate that at low-temperature conditions; the heat transfer coefficient () was found to be 53.26 ; the heat transfer rate () was 24.99 W; and the heat flux () was 537.87 ; with a pressure drop of 0.86 Pa. In conclusion; thermal conditions play a crucial role in determining the dynamics of air flow and the efficiency of heat transfer; the greater the temperature difference (); the higher the potential heat transfer rate; establishing a strong correlation between thermal conditions and the convection phenomenon.

This study aims to analyze the technical and economic impact of power evacuation work on the 20 kV distribution system at PT PLN (Persero) UP3 East Bali. The main problem studied is the high losses and poor voltage profile on the downstream side of the Kintamani feeder. The method used is load flow simulation using ETAP software with a comparative approach to conditions before and after power evacuation. The results showed that the active losses decreased from 1.017 MW to 0.626 MW (efficiency 38.45%), accompanied by an increase in the end voltage from 16.32 kV to 18.72 kV and 19.38 kV, thus meeting the SPLN 1:1995 standard. The reduction in losses resulted in energy savings of 3,425,160 kWh/year. From the economic side, a payback period (PBP) of 1.40 years was obtained, which shows that the project is financially feasible. In addition, the improvement of network performance also contributes to the reliability of the distribution system and the continuity of the distribution of electrical energy to customers. Thus, power evacuation work has been proven to be effective in improving power distribution efficiency, improving voltage quality, and providing significant economic benefits.

This research aims to design and develop a simple Dino-themed game based on a microcontroller, with the display using an I2C LCD. The game is inspired by the offline Dino game on Google Chrome, adapted to run on an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D), consisting of stages such as needs analysis, system design, simulation using Wokwi, hardware assembly, programming, and testing. The system uses push buttons as input and a 16x2 I2C LCD as the output display. The testing results show that the system can respond quickly to user input and display character movement and score updates dynamically on the LCD screen. Although the graphical capability of the LCD is limited, the game runs well and successfully demonstrates the basic concepts of microcontroller programming as well as interactive input-output processing. Further development is recommended to enhance the graphical interface and add features such as sound effects and progressive difficulty levels.

Desa Manggihan in Semarang Regency is an environmental education tourism village supported by culinary MSMEs providing souvenirs. However, MSME actors faced challenges in business communication, including low self-confidence, suboptimal non-verbal communication, and an inability to deliver the Unique Selling Proposition (USP) of their products. This Community Service (PKM) activity aimed to improve verbal and non-verbal business communication skills, self-confidence, and elevator pitch techniques among partners. The method used was participatory training conducted on May 20, 2026, at the Manggihan Village Hall, involving three culinary MSME actors: producers of fried cheese cassava, crispy papaya floss, and peanut brittle (gula kacang). The activity stages included needs analysis, training, elevator pitch simulation, and qualitative descriptive evaluation through participatory observation. The results showed a significant improvement across all observed aspects. The MSME actors, who were previously passive and only mentioned prices/ingredients, became proactive, demonstrated better eye contact and open body language, and successfully delivered their product's USP briefly, clearly, and compellingly. This participatory training is proven effective in strengthening partners' business communication skills to better welcome tourists.

This activity aims to improve the knowledge, awareness, and anti-corruption competency of final-year maritime cadets from all APPI member universities regarding international and national maritime anti-corruption regulations, further strengthening the ethical decision-making abilities of maritime cadets in dealing with corrupt situations in ports and on ships through a simulation approach based on real cases. This activity is designed as a participatory educational workshop with an active and experiential learning approach to adult learning (andragogy), which allows the implementation team to simultaneously collect scientific data on the effectiveness of workshop interventions in increasing participants' anti-corruption knowledge and awareness. The activity is carried out through three main stages that are systematically structured, namely the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the evaluation and follow-up stage. The results of the activity confirm the effectiveness of the participatory workshop approach based on real case simulations (experiential learning) in significantly increasing knowledge and changing anti-corruption attitudes of maritime cadets in a relatively short duration. Furthermore, cadets have a stronger stock of knowledge, awareness, and moral commitment to deal with corrupt situations in the work environment. It is concluded that the participatory workshop approach based on real-life case simulations is an effective, efficient, and replicable strategy in empowering the next generation of Indonesian seafarers to face the challenges of corruption in the global maritime industry.

This study aims to examine the effects of applying a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) method combined with PhET simulation tools on enhancing critical thinking skills among eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 4 Singaraja when learning vibration and wave topics. It adopted a quasi-experimental approach with a Pretest-Posttest setup and non-equivalent control group design. The participant cohort comprised 75 students distributed across two groups: the treatment group (n=38) who engaged in learning activities using PBL supplemented by PhET simulation, and the comparison group (n=37) who received PBL instruction without PhET simulation support. Data collection was conducted through essay-type assessment instruments containing 7 questions designed to evaluate critical thinking competencies based on Ennis' theoretical framework. Data processing employed descriptive statistical analysis, N-Gain Score computation and ANCOVA testing were conducted at a 0.05 significance level. Results showed the treatment group's average Posttest score at 84, compared to 66 for the control group. The ANCOVA produced an F-value of 103.701 (p < 0.001), confirming a statistically significant difference in critical thinking skills between the groups. The adjusted mean Posttest scores were 83.99 for the treatment group and 66.01 for the comparison group, reflecting a differential of 17.99 points. Consequently, the findings substantiate that the integration of PBL with PhET simulation demonstrates greater effectiveness in fostering students' critical thinking skills in comparison to conventional PBL implementation without technology-enhanced simulation assistance.

The main issue addressed in this study is the insufficient stiffness of a sinusoidal galvalum roof measuring 1.8 × 0.81 m with a thickness of 0.25 mm. The objective was to improve the roof’s stiffness so that it could adequately withstand rainwater weight, wind loads, and human loads. The production process involved parametric finite element simulations to optimize profile stiffness, selection of aluminum-coated steel (Galvalum) consisting of 55% aluminum and 45% zinc, and roll-forming a sinusoidal profile with a wave height and depth of 20 mm. Additional curved lines, 2 mm deep and 10 mm wide, were introduced at the wave peaks and valleys to enhance structural rigidity. The process also included cutting the roof to a length of 1.8 m, bending tests to evaluate stiffness improvement, specification and brand printing, and quality inspection. The resulting roof exhibited a stiffness increase of 38.6% compared with the conventional profile. Production costs were IDR 3,222 per sheet, with a manufacturing time of 12 seconds per sheet. These results indicate that the modified sinusoidal galvalum roof provides greater stiffness and better performance at a standard support spacing of 1.2 m.  

This study aims to increase the knowledge and awareness of fifth-grade students of SDN 70 Palembang regarding Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) through health communication and community empowerment activities. The method used was qualitative research with an interactive approach, which included counseling, demonstrations of six-step handwashing practices, and the use of educational media in the form of banners and leaflets. The results showed a significant increase in students' understanding of PHBS indicators, especially correct handwashing skills and the ability to recognize healthy snacks. Students' enthusiasm in participating in simulations and educational quizzes demonstrated the success of the participatory communication approach. This activity successfully strengthened the role of schools and community health centers in creating a healthier educational environment, by involving students as agents of behavior change. Through this activity, it is hoped that students will be more aware of the importance of maintaining personal and environmental hygiene, and can apply PHBS in their daily lives.

The rapid development of the Industrial Revolution (IR) 4.0  and the transition towards Society 5.0 demand an increase in digital literacy and a basic understanding of technology systems starting from secondary education. The Community Service (CS) Program conducted by the Department of Electrical Engineering Universitas Presiden aims to introduce the concepts of logic gates and digital systems to students of SMA 1 Cikarang Pusat. This CS integrates theoretical explanations and simulation practice using the online platform Circuitverse. This CS was evaluated using a Likert scale (1–4) questionnaire instrument, namely Expectation (Importance) and Performance, with a total of 40 student respondents. The analysis results show that all indicators received an average performance score above 3.30, with satisfaction indices ranging from 82.50% to 90.62%, which falls into the very high category. The indicator for the use of appropriate technology received the highest score of 90.62%, indicating the relevance of the material to current technological developments. The Importance–Performance Analysis (IPA) shows that most indicators are in the 'maintain performance' quadrant, indicating alignment between participants' expectations and the activity's performance. These findings suggest that the workshop is effective in enhancing students' understanding of basic digital system concepts while also fostering interest in engineering and technology fields. The activity underscores the strategic role of universities in bridging the technology literacy gap at the secondary education level in response to the challenges of the IR4.0 and Society 5.0.

The Alpha generation is currently facing big challenges in balancing virtual activities and real life, where the high intensity of using devices often shifts priorities for worship, especially during the month of Ramadan. This dependence on digital screens triggers individualistic attitudes and reduces children's levels of religious participation. Therefore, this community service activity aims to increase the capacity of parents and children to implement time management and limit screen time effectively. The method used is a social marketing approach combined with participatory observation techniques, interactive visual promotions, and educational simulation games which were implemented in the Imaduddin Mosque Youth Hall, Medokan Ayu, Surabaya. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in understanding among children and parents regarding the importance of setting time limits for using devices. Generation Alpha children responded positively by enthusiastically setting their own daily priority scale between playing and worshiping without feeling forced. The implications of this activity include long-term changes to the social and spiritual dynamics of residents, the creation of a more harmonious family environment with minimal conflict related to confiscation of devices, as well as the revival of the function of mosques as centers of communal interaction for the younger generation. It is hoped that the independence of citizens in educating children will be able to build the foundation for a future generation that is digitally intelligent, mentally healthy and has a strong religious character.

This community service activity aimed to improve tax and accounting literacy in order to encourage public compliance in Betungan Village, Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City. The main problems faced by the community were the low level of understanding regarding tax obligations and the lack of optimal simple financial recording practices. To address these issues, the program was carried out using educational and participatory approaches through interactive lectures, tax calculation training, discussions, and simulations of simple financial bookkeeping that were easy for the community to understand. The activity involved 100 participants consisting of local residents, MSME actors, village officials, and district officials, and was conducted at the Betungan Village Hall. The results showed a significant increase in participants’ understanding based on comparisons between pre-test and post-test results. Participants also demonstrated improved abilities in calculating taxes and maintaining simple financial records in a more accurate and organized manner. In addition, the activity successfully increased public awareness of the importance of tax compliance and proper financial management. Therefore, this community service program is expected to contribute positively to improving taxpayer compliance and encouraging more orderly, independent, transparent, and sustainable financial management within the community in the future.

This Community Service Program aims to strengthen the role of Baduy youth in decision-making based on local wisdom in facing social change. Baduy youth hold a strategic position as successors of cultural values; however, they also face challenges due to increasingly dynamic social changes. Therefore, strengthening efforts are needed to ensure that they are able to preserve traditional values while adapting to contemporary developments. This activity was conducted in Kanekes Village, Lebak Regency, on April 17, 2026, using participatory, educational, and collaborative approaches involving customary leaders and Baduy youth as the main partners. The implementation methods included socialization sessions, group discussions, and simulations of decision-making based on local wisdom. The results show an increase in the understanding and involvement of youth in recognizing the importance of local wisdom as a foundation for decision-making. The participatory approach proved effective in enhancing awareness and encouraging active participation of youth in preserving cultural values. In conclusion, this program successfully strengthens the role of Baduy youth as both cultural preservation agents and social adaptation actors in responding to ongoing social change.

The shaft is a crucial component in mechanical systems because it serves to transfer power and rotational motion throughout the machine. This research aims to assess the structural strength and operational performance of shafts used in a tire shredding machine through numerical simulation methods in order to achieve a safe and efficient design. The study involved several stages, including the development of shaft geometry models, the determination of boundary conditions, load application, mesh generation, and stress analysis using the finite element method. Two shaft configurations were examined: a 59 mm diameter shaft made from AISI 1045 steel and a 49 mm diameter shaft manufactured from ASTM A36 steel. The simulation results indicate that the 59 mm shaft experiences a Von Mises stress of 8.9 × 10⁻⁵ MPa, with a maximum displacement of 0 mm and a safety factor of 15. Similarly, the 49 mm shaft shows a Von Mises stress of 8.4 × 10⁻⁵ MPa, no measurable displacement, and a safety factor of 15. These findings confirm that both shaft designs are capable of safely withstanding the applied working loads. In addition, cutting system tests revealed that a 24-tooth blade achieved an efficiency of 26.9%, while a 40-tooth blade reached only 22.3%, indicating that the 24-tooth configuration provides better performance.

Hydrogen-based hybrid microgrid systems have emerged as a promising solution to enhance renewable energy integration and improve energy supply reliability. By combining renewable sources such as solar and wind with hydrogen production and storage technologies, these systems address the intermittency of renewable power while ensuring continuous energy availability. This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility, environmental impact, and scalability of hydrogen-based hybrid microgrids, with a focus on cost-effectiveness and system performance under varying operating conditions. Simulation tools, including HOMER Pro and MATLAB Simulink, are used to model the system and conduct sensitivity analyses on hydrogen production costs and demand fluctuations. Key performance indicators such as Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE), Net Present Value (NPV), and CO₂ emissions reduction are assessed. The results show that although the system requires a high initial investment, it becomes economically viable over time due to reduced operational costs and improved efficiency. Additionally, the system demonstrates significant environmental benefits, outperforming conventional fossil fuel-based systems in terms of emissions reduction. Sensitivity analysis further indicates that advancements in hydrogen production technologies could substantially enhance economic feasibility. Overall, hydrogen-based hybrid microgrids offer a reliable and low-carbon energy solution, supporting sustainable energy transitions and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.