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This study aims to analyze and explain the enforcement of criminal law against perpetrators of corruption for state losses at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya. As well as explaining the accountability of perpetrators of corruption for state losses in the use of customer funds at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya through Cassation Decision Number 2931 K / Pid.Sus / 2021 and government efforts to provide protection to customers or policyholders of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya. This study employs a normative legal research methodology. The study's findings demonstrate that PT Asuransi Jiwasraya's criminal law enforcement is following the guidelines laid out in Law Number 31 of 1999, as revised by Law Number 20 of 2001, when it comes to prosecuting those responsible for causing state losses due to corruption. The formulation demonstrates the efficacy of current legal regulations in handling the Jiwasraya case and protects the interests of public investors and shareholders. It contains specific elements and is subject to a specific sentencing system. Corruption at PT Asuransi Jiwasraya has resulted in monetary losses for the state. This is due to the defendant's substantial acts, which satisfy the criteria for a "Criminal Act" and a "error" that can be either "intentional" or "dolus" according to the trial evidence. This conclusion is reached in Cassation Decision Number 2931 K/Pid.Sus/2021. Customers or policyholders of PT. Asuransi Jiwasraya are protected through repressive legal measures, specifically through criminal channels, against those who have been proven to have violated the Corruption Crime Law, Article 55, paragraph 1, number 1, and Article 2 paragraph 1.

Article 54 of Law No. 35/2014 on Child Protection, an amendment to Law No. 23/2002, states that children in the educational environment must be protected from physical and psychological violence, sexual crimes, and other crimes that may be committed by educators, education personnel, fellow students, or other parties. However, despite this regulation, cases of bullying in schools still occur frequently. This study aims to evaluate the application of Article 54 of Law No. 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection and legal protection efforts for children who are victims of bullying with a legal certainty approach. The research method used is descriptive with qualitative data analysis. The results showed that Article 54 has been well implemented by the Surakarta City Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection and Population Control and Family Planning. They conduct socialization in schools and communities as a preventive measure and assist the mediation process for case resolution as a repressive measure. In addition, for the legal protection of child victims of bullying with a legal certainty approach, the Office also integrates bullying prevention and handling programs, facilitates and fosters education units, and provides educational facilities.

The crime of illegal sand mining is a problem that requires the attention of various parties. The current phenomenon is that illegal mining is rampant among individuals and companies. Based on data from the Central Lampung Police, illegal mining crimes occur every year, while data from Walhi Lampung and the Environmental Service shows that there are still very few mining activities that have IUPs. This shows that illegal mining crime is a problem that must be handled by various elements. The research method used is a Normative Juridical and Empirical Juridical approach. Sources and types of data in research were obtained from field studies with interviews and literature studies. This research was conducted at the Central Lampung Police, lecturers at the Faculty of Law, Unila University, Walhi Lampung, and the Environmental Service. The results of this research describe that the police do not only focus on law enforcement, but also focus on preventative efforts to tackle illegal mining crimes. Even though Law Number 3 of 2020 concerning Mineral and Coal Mining, the Police does not contain the authority of the Police in mining crimes. However, the police as the front guard of law enforcement officials must make countermeasures. This includes pre-emptive efforts to identify potential risks that cause illegal mining to occur. Monitoring efforts are carried out actively and periodically and are routinely used as an effort to detect potential crimes before they develop into real crimes. The preventive approach involves outreach and education activities in areas where there is potential for mining to increase public awareness about the negative impacts of illegal mining crimes. Then the last one is repressive efforts as a form of providing legal certainty

This research aims to find out and analyze how law enforcement efforts are carried out in cases of distribution of illegal tobacco products by Gorontalo Customs and Excise officials. This research is classified as empirical research using a qualitative approach and then using data collection techniques by means of interviews, literature review, documentation, and using descriptive data analysis. The results of this research indicate that law enforcement efforts against the distribution of illegal tobacco products by Gorontalo Customs and Excise officials include preventive law enforcement (prevention) and repressive law enforcement (Action). In preventive law enforcement Customs and Excise officials carry out legal socialization activities, routine patrol activities and carry out observations, to enforce repressive laws from Customs and Excise officials when they receive information from the intelligence unit or complaints from the public, the data received is then analyzed. If the results of the analysis show that the data meets operational standards then the process of action, deterrence, inspection, sealing and confiscation is continued. Customs and Excise officials in carrying out law enforcement have not yet reached the realm of court, only the imposition of administrative sanctions.    

Talking about victims of crime in general, of course, victims are individuals. In a criminal act, the victim is the party who is harmed by the perpetrator of the crime, both materially and immaterially. This greatly affects the psychological condition of the victim, not to mention the complicated judicial process that makes the victim a very disadvantaged party to the laws and regulations under it.  The position of victims in the practice of criminal procedure law is relatively less considered because the provisions of Indonesian law still rely on protection for the perpetrator (offender oriented). Normative legal research is in the form of library research and written documents as data sourced from secondary data including primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. The nature of this research is descriptive analysis.  The data obtained in this research will be analyzed qualitatively in accordance with the specifications of the nature of the research to examine between theory and practice in legal protection of victims of criminal acts. To solve the existing problems and then draw a conclusion by utilizing the data collected through interviews and document studies, the results of this study were first analyzed using qualitative analysis. The Criminal Code (KUHP) has implicitly provided protection for victims of crime with all efforts to fulfill rights and provide assistance to provide security to victims who must be implemented by the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK) or other institutions in accordance with the provisions. As it is known that the KUHAP is not too optimal because there are more victims like the position of the perpetrator which results in a legal vacuum, and in the context of protecting victims of crime, there are preventive and repressive efforts made, both by the community and the government (through law enforcement officials). Another thing that is noted that in the Law on Witness and Victim Protection is the absence of coercive efforts regarding compensation from the perpetrator to the victim, namely not regulating the payment of compensation from the perpetrator to the witness or victim, even though the victim as a witness who is harmed by someone's unlawful actions, but is not protected.

Human rights are inherent to the essence and existence of humans as creatures of God Almighty, and they are gifts that must be respected, upheld, and protected by the state, law, government, and every individual for the dignity and protection of human beings. Domestic violence (KDRT) is a violation of human rights, a crime against human dignity, and a form of discrimination that must be eliminated.The focus is on the legal protection efforts for women victims of domestic violence and the prevention and mitigation efforts against violence towards women. In conclusion, to improve this situation, integrating restitution into the criminal justice system is a solution to be considered. Therefore, while the PKDRT marks a significant step in legal protection for victims of domestic violence, integrating restitution and increasing awareness and commitment from all involved parties are crucial to ensuring better protection and justice for victims of domestic violence in Indonesia. Thus, to enhance the effectiveness of handling violence against women, good coordination among various institutions and disciplines is needed, along with strong commitment from society, law enforcement agencies, and the government to take necessary actions to create a safe and just environment for women. Recommendations for discussion include legal education and awareness, integrated protection, strengthening of medical evidence, socialization and funding, effective criminal prioritization, and restitution as an alternative. The formation of an integrated committee, strengthening gender-sensitive legal systems, education and attitude change in society, establishment of crisis centers or shelters, firm repressive actions, and integration of anti-violence norms are also suggested.

This research aims to determine criminal acts of fraud with the motive of counterfeiting Qris Barcodes in terms of the aspect of prevention through the Indonesian Criminal Law. This research is normative research which is analyzed descriptively, using a law and case approach. The results of the research are that regulations regarding criminal acts of fraud are generally regulated in Article 378 of the Criminal Code, and to strengthen the legal basis it can be accommodated through Article 35 of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. As a special law, the ITE Law is at least a guideline and legal basis for members of the public in carrying out activities in the online world. Overcoming the occurrence of criminal acts of online fraud is carried out with preventive (non-penal) and repressive (penal) efforts. Repressive efforts in this case are regulated based on Article 35 of the ITE Law and Article 378 of the Criminal Code. Meanwhile, preventive efforts are carried out by taking precautions so that criminal acts of online fraud can be minimized without applying criminal law, but rather by carrying out preventive efforts before the criminal act occurs, such as improving the community's economy, socializing to the public how to use the internet properly and the characteristics of electronic transaction-based criminal acts of fraud.

Based on the results of the study, the transaction mode is the most often used mode in the act of circulating and counterfeiting money and economic factors are the main factors for a person to commit the crime of counterfeiting money, as well as efforts made by the police in preventing and exposing the crime of counterfeiting. The transaction mode is the mode most often used by rupiah counterfeiters because this mode is easy to circulate counterfeit money. Economic factors are the most important factor for perpetrators to commit the crime of counterfeiting rupiah. Because the economy is squeezed, someone commits a crime to meet their economic needs. The efforts made by the Gorontalo City Police to prevent the occurrence of rupiah counterfeiting crimes are pursued with three efforts, namely preventive efforts, premative efforts, and repressive efforts. The crime of counterfeiting rupiah is a criminal act in which it contains a system of untruthfulness or falsehood of something (object) that appears from the outside as if it is true, when in fact it is contrary to the real thing that is called the crime of counterfeiting, including currency counterfeiting. The legal basis of money and currency is Law Number. 7 of 2011 concerning Currency, which was promulgated in the Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2011 Number. 64 and Supplement to the Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5223 This research was conducted to find out the factors and modes of the perpetrators of a criminal act of counterfeiting money in Gorontalo City and to find out the efforts made by the relevant legal parties in an effort to prevent the occurrence of the crime of counterfeiting rupiah money in Gorontalo City.

Indonesia needs to get rid of terrorism once and for all. This journal aims to describe and analyze using the approach of various efforts to counter terrorism crimes in Indonesia. The research method used in this study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to present an overview of terrorism and several strategies to combat this crime in Indonesia. The formulation of the problem based on the description of the background above is as follows: what are the factors of terrorism crimes in Indonesia and how to overcome terrorism crimes in Indonesia. Terrorism is a disturbing phenomenon. Efforts to counter terrorism crimes carried out by the Government are implemented through repressive efforts. There are five factors that cause terrorism crimes in Indonesia, namely: tribalism, nationalism/separatism, poverty and inequality and globalization, non-democracy, violations of human dignity and religious radicalism.  

Development is one way to create people's welfare. Therefore, the results of development must be able to be enjoyed by all people as a form of increasing physical and spiritual welfare in a fair and equitable manner. To stimulate economic growth and focus investment policies, the government is aggressively creating Special Economic Zones (KEK) in various regions. It is hoped that people can feel the maximum benefits. Batam City has a strategic location, one of which is Rempang Island which has a lot of potential that can be developed, both in the tourism, economic and social sectors. However, there are misunderstandings between local communities and the government, giving rise to quite serious conflicts due to territorial struggles. So there is a need for efforts to protect the rights of people affected by the clearing of land for investment purposes on Rempang Island, Batam, which can be done with preventive efforts, repressive efforts or prosecution efforts. So this research uses normative juridical research methods, namely focusing on the analysis of doctrine, norms and the application of certain legal principles in dealing with certain legal subjects. With a statutory regulation approach and conceptualization method, it uses technical analysis of legal materials to solve frozen problems.

In today's developments, especially in Indonesia, many criminal acts are increasing. One of the cases of crime in Indonesia that is high among women is prostitution. The act of prostitution is strictly prohibited in Indonesia because prostitution is an act of crime against morality and is against the law and is against human rights and also falls within the scope of the field of criminology. This research is empirical juridical research. The data collected was taken from primary and secondary data which was then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that: (1) The factors causing prostitutes to still operate in Karang Dempel consist of Economic factors, Lifestyle Factors, Social Environmental Factors, Educational Factors, Legal Factors. (2) Law enforcement efforts to deal with prostitutes who are still operating in Karang Dempel consist of pre-emptive efforts, namely prevention so that crimes do not occur, preventive efforts, namely action carried out by authorized officers in accordance with statutory regulations and repressive efforts, namely efforts that carried out to take action against criminals according to their actions. Based on the problem of prostitution, it is recommended that law enforcement officers provide more guidance or outreach to local residents so that they are more aware of the impact of prostitution, especially for teenagers, in order to provide a deterrent effect on perpetrators of prostitution and not doing it again. It is hoped that the local government will continue to monitor the area of ​​prostitution in the hope that the government's promises regarding financial assistance and business assistance can be allocated to create harmony.

: The aim of this research is to find out how legal protection is for minors as recidivists of criminal acts of theft and the causal factors in Gorontalo City. The method used is an empirical approach based on field facts, then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The research results show that legal protection for children who are recidivists is provided during the legal process, starting from the investigation, arrest and detention stages. The legal process is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the SPPA Law, and prioritizes the needs, development and growth of children, both physically, mentally and socially. The implementation of legal protection for children who are in conflict with the law, especially for repeat criminals or recidivists, is carried out in the same way as for first-time perpetrators of other criminal acts, but the only difference is that diversion efforts are not applied to those who are recidivists. The protection carried out by the police is to fulfill children's rights in every ongoing legal process; The investigation prioritizes a family atmosphere; and Separate Detention. The cause of children becoming recidivist perpetrators of the crime of theft in Gorontalo City is environmental factors; Economy problem; There is leniency in punishment and lack of effective coaching; and Factors of legal awareness and parental negligence. Therefore, in implementing legal protection for children who commit criminal acts, especially for recidivist perpetrators, law enforcement officers are expected to pay attention to the psychological and social conditions of children, but still prioritize providing a deterrent effect so that perpetrators are afraid to repeat their crimes. These efforts include, for example, implementing existing legal procedures by fulfilling all children's rights, but still carrying out repressive action by providing sanctions as regulated in statutory regulations, and not imposing diversion on perpetrators who repeat criminal acts. Apart from that, the government and especially parents pay as much attention as possible to ensuring life for children, so that they do not become perpetrators of criminal acts such as theft. This is because children are sometimes forced to commit these crimes due to their needs not being met properly, or even due to pressure from other parties.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efforts and obstacles in overcoming the crime of baby dumping in Manggarai Regency. This research is empirical research, which is research conducted directly in the field and carried out at the Manggarai Resort Police and the Office of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection (DP3A) of Manggarai Regency. Data collection techniques used interviews and document/literature studies. The data used were primary and secondary data. The results of the data processing were analyzed descriptively qualitative. The results of this study show that: (1) The efforts made by the Manggarai Resort Police and DP3A of Manggarai Regency in overcoming the crime of baby dumping are Repressive and Preventive efforts. (2) The inhibiting factors in the efforts to overcome the crime of baby dumping in Manggarai Regency are the difficulty in identifying the perpetrators of baby dumping, limited human resources, facilities and infrastructure, agencies that do not carry out their duties properly, community conditions. 

The existence of the police is essential in overcoming criminal acts of terrorism, because the police are structured in such a way from the regions to the center and are also in accordance with the duties and functions of the police in creating public security and enforcing the law. The problem raised in this research is: what are the steps taken by the National Police in tackling criminal acts of financing terrorism? What are the obstacles to the National Police in dealing with criminal acts of terrorism?This research is directed towards normative, or doctrinal, juridical legal research which is also referred to as library research or document study, because it is mostly carried out on secondary data in libraries. The results of the research and discussion explain the role of the National Police in overcoming criminal acts of terrorism, namely maintaining public security and order, which is a dynamic condition of society as one of the prerequisites for implementing the national development process in order to achieve national goals which are characterized by ensuring security, order and the rule of law, as well as fostering it. peace, which contains the ability to foster and develop the potential and strength of society in warding off, preventing and overcoming all forms of law violations and other forms of disturbance that can disturb society. The National Police's efforts to tackle terrorism include repressive efforts, preventive efforts and preemptive efforts. The obstacle for the National Police in tackling terrorism is that it is hampered by the synergy of cross-sectoral cooperation, namely between the police, regional government and other related agencies.    

This research discusses the causes of the crime of transporting black stone in the jurisdiction of the Gorontalo Regional Police and efforts to overcome it. The method used in the research is empirical with qualitative descriptive data analysis which describes and describes data and field facts. Based on research results, Gorontalo is in 5th position in the province with the highest poverty; and The lack of public understanding and knowledge regarding mining, where the lack of public knowledge, influences the existence of illegal mining. This situation is based on a lack of education and understanding as the main factors in the community's decision to carry out illegal mining actions, including a lack of socialization and legal education to the community. The prevention of criminal acts of transporting black stone by the Gorontalo Regional Police is carried out through initial efforts made by the police, in this case the Gorontalo Regional Police, namely visiting or visiting the community and providing advice regarding mining activities. Apart from that, conduct patrols in mining areas for early handling, especially checking permits for heavy vehicles used in mining areas, including transport vehicles. Not only that, legal counseling and socialization is also carried out to the community as a first step in overcoming this criminal act; and Repressive Efforts by taking action against the perpetrators, in order to have a deterrent effect. This step is carried out through investigations, inquiries and other coercive measures authorized by law, which end with the application of criminal sanctions against the perpetrators.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the misuse of official cars in review of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the eradication of criminal acts of corruption in the Kupang City Government. This research uses Empirical Legal Research method with primary data legal sources collected through interviews with respondents and observation of the research location as well as secondary legal data sources collected through literature study or document study. The results of the research indicate that the misuse of official cars related to the crime of corruption, namely abuse of authority in this case the misuse of official cars in the crime of corruption refers to the formulation of Article 3 of the Law on Criminal Acts of Corruption (UUTPK), namely with the aim of benefiting oneself or another person or a corporation abusing the authority, opportunity or means available to him because of his position or position that can harm state finances. Law enforcement against the misuse of official cars outside the office, namely: preventive law enforcement and repressive law enforcement. From the results of the study, the researcher concluded that the regulation of the minister of home affairs number 7 of 2006 concerning the standardization of local government work facilities and infrastructure article 1 letter g, what is meant by official vehicles is government property that is used only for official purposes, consisting of individual service vehicles, operational service vehicles / official service vehicles, and special service vehicles / fields.Conclusion related to law enforcement efforts against the misuse of official cars outside the office, namely carried out by preventive and repressive actions. 

Sexual violence is an incident that cannot be separated from women and children. The rise in incidents of sexual violence against women and children in the city of Kupang is a fluctuating phenomenon. The Kupang City Police PPA Unit noted that, in 2021 there were 42 cases of violence against women and children, in 2022 it decreased to 39 cases, and increased in 202 to 42 cases. This research aims to determine the factors that cause sexual violence against women and children, and determine the obstacles to solving criminal acts of sexual violence against women and children in Kupang City, as well as efforts to overcome them. This research uses empirical juridical methods, with the type of data used being primary data based on the results of interviews and documentation, as well as secondary data used to complement primary data. The results of this research show that (1) The factors causing sexual violence behavior are sexual desire, lack of sex education, social and environmental factors, and misuse of technology. (2) Obstacles experienced in resolving cases of sexual violence include insufficient evidence, individual factors, and the perpetrator running away. (3) The countermeasures that have been carried out are in the form of preemptive, preventive and repressive measures.

The purpose of this research is to analyze law enforcement against the crime of vigilantism (eigenrichting) committed by the community in the jurisdiction of the Malacca Resort Police 2019-2023. This research uses empirical legal research, where primary data is obtained through interviews and documentation at the Malacca Police Office, while secondary data is obtained through literature study. The author is interested in conducting research related to this issue because in Malacca district vigilantism occurs quite often, the proof is that in 2019 there were 1 case, in 2020 there were 3 cases, in 2021 there were 3 cases, in 2022 there were 6 cases, and in 2023 there were 2 cases. In this study, it was found that. There are several efforts made by the police, including repressive, preventive, pre-emtif efforts. And there are also other efforts made by the Malacca Police in handling the crime of vigilantism (eigenrichting) committed by the community in the Malacca Police jurisdiction, namely providing socialization about the law to the community, preventing the sale of alcohol, carrying out routine patrols. Then the following main problem is that in the efforts of the Malacca Police in handling vigilante crimes there are several factors, namely supporting and inhibiting factors. Supporting factors in the investigation and investigation of vigilante crimes (Eigenrichting) at Malacca Police Station Supporting factors include community involvement that provides important information to the police in revealing suspected criminal acts in the area and also internal support and external support. However, there are also inhibiting factors such as the distance between Malacca Police Station, the Court, and the Prosecutor's Office, the lack of knowledge about the law among the community, and the lack of public awareness of the obligation to comply with the law, which causes repeated violations of the law.

This research aims to analyze the factors that cause criminal acts of embezzlement of ownership of land rights. The research method used in this research is empirical legal research using data collection techniques through direct observation and interviews with the litigants. The results of the research show that the factors that cause criminal acts of embezzlement of ownership of land rights include economic factors, lack of the concern of land owners regarding the wealth they own, the ignorance of the victim's heirs regarding land ownership, the current high price of land has resulted in people starting to look for their land, as well as the factor of selling or exchanging land at that time using a belief system, resulting in the transfer of land rights. there is no evidence of the land. Overcoming criminal acts of embezzlement of ownership of land rights in three ways: preemptive efforts, preventive efforts and repressive efforts, namely by taking more potential steps to avoid conflicts in the land sector..

With the increasing number of child trafficking cases, the government needs to focus on serious efforts to eradicate this criminal offence. These efforts are not only in the form of law enforcement in a preventive, repressive, and responsive manner, but also efforts related to the recovery or protection of children who are victims of child trafficking after the completion of the criminal justice process which aims to restore the child's future. The research used in this journal is normative legal research. Normative legal research is research that examines the laws and regulations that apply to a legal problem. Normative research with the object of study of legislative documents by studying and examining library legal materials or can be called a study of legal science. Normative legal research tends to place law as a perspective discipline that is only seen in a normative perspective whose research themes include several things such as legal principles, legal systematics, vertical and horizontal synchronisation, legal comparisons and legal history.Efforts that can be made in providing legal protection to children as victims of human trafficking offences in the principle of legality have been regulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and national legal rules in the form of laws and Presidential Regulations and also regulated in international legal provisions that have been adapted into Indonesian positive law. Efforts that can be made to ensure the legal protection of children as victims of trafficking offences.