Publication Search

This study examines the legal protections and enforcement mechanisms against securities dilution in technology‐sector issuers adopting multiple voting rights stock classifications following an initial public offering (IPO) under Indonesia’s Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 22/POJK.04/2021. It addresses two core issues: the adequacy of minority shareholder safeguards embedded within the regulatory framework and the nature and extent of share dilution experienced by existing investors in dual‐class structures. Employing a normative legal research design with a doctrinal approach, the analysis draws on primary sources including UU No. 40/2007, UU No. 4/2023, POJK 22/POJK.04/2021, issuer prospectuses, and PT GoTo Gojek Tokopedia’s 2022–2024 annual reports complemented by secondary literature and tertiary legal references. Findings reveal that POJK 22/POJK.04/2021 integrates quantitative limits (a 90 percent cap on aggregate superior voting rights), procedural safeguards (minimum 5 percent ordinary‐shareholder quorum and independent renewal approval), temporal constraints (10‐year sunset clause), and one‐share‐one‐vote requirements for critical corporate actions, alongside a novel graduated voting ratio system. The GoTo case study underscores persistent misalignment between cash‐flow and voting rights, marked by significant share price volatility and reliance on share buybacks rather than dilutive issuances. While the regulatory framework is comprehensive, its efficacy is contingent on robust enforcement, transparency of indirect ownership, and institutional maturity. Empirical evaluation of post‐IPO dilution events, minority litigation outcomes, and enforcement actions is recommended to assess real‐world impacts.

Abstract. The environment is not merely a legal object, but rather a living space for humans that is intertwined with the continuity of life itself. In this context, the criminalization of environmental crimes must be understood as an effort to uphold substantive justice, not merely the fulfillment of legal procedures. This article examines the comparison between the 2023 Criminal Code and Law No. 32 of 2009 (Environmental Protection and Management Law), as well as the alignment of both in responding to ecological crimes. With a normative juridical approach and philosophical analysis, a tension was found between the formalistic approach in the Criminal Code and the ecological approach in the Environmental Protection and Management Law. This inconsistency has the potential to obscure the substance of environmental justice. Therefore, a renewal of the penal paradigm that favors the intrinsic value of nature and the principle of sustainability is necessary. Abstrak. Lingkungan hidup bukan sekadar objek hukum, melainkan ruang hidup manusia yang menyatu dengan keberlangsungan kehidupan itu sendiri. Dalam konteks ini, kriminalisasi tindak pidana lingkungan harus dimaknai sebagai upaya menegakkan keadilan substantif, bukan semata pemenuhan prosedur hukum. Artikel ini mengkaji perbandingan antara KUHP 2023 dan UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 (UU PPLH), serta menelaah keselarasan keduanya dalam merespons kejahatan ekologis. Dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan analisis filosofis, ditemukan adanya ketegangan antara pendekatan formalistik dalam KUHP dan pendekatan ekologis dalam UU PPLH. Ketidaksinambungan ini berpotensi mengaburkan substansi keadilan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pembaruan paradigma pemidanaan yang berpihak pada nilai intrinsik alam dan prinsip keberlanjutan.

Arabic literature experienced a significant thematic transformation from the Umayyad to the Abbasid period. In the Umayyad era, poetry was still rooted in classical qasidah, focusing on praise, tribal pride, and romantic ideals. However, the Abbasid era brought a wave of literary renewal, influenced by sociopolitical and cultural shifts. This study explores how these contexts shaped literary themes and styles, using a descriptive qualitative approach through library research and textual analysis. It focuses on works by Al-Farazdaq, Al-Akhtal, Jarir, Abu Nawas, Abu al-Atahiyah, Dibil al-Khuza’i, and Al-Jahiz. The findings reveal that poetry in the Abbasid era became a tool for social criticism, spiritual reflection, and personal expression. Meanwhile, Al-Jahiz significantly advanced Arabic prose, making it more intellectual and educational. This study concludes that Arabic literature evolved not only in form and content, but also in function, reflecting the intellectual and cultural dynamism of Islamic civilization. Keywords: Abbasid; Arabic literature; New Poets; Transformation; Umayyad

The impact of vaginal discharge is very fatal if it is slow to be treated, not only can it lead to infertility and pregnancy outside the womb due to blockage of the fallopian tubes, vaginal discharge can also be an early symptom of uterine cancer which can lead to death. The purpose of the study was to produce a model and determine the most influential factors on health literacy in preventing vaginal discharge in adolescents. This type of research is quantitative with a cross sectional research design. The population of this study were all adolescents in Puspasari Village, Bogor Regency. The research sample amounted to 90 people. Determination of sample size using purposive sampling. Research data collection using a questionnaire. The results showed that there was an influence of health promotion by 21.42%, the role of midwives by 22.66%, family function by 16.88%, social environment by 11.04% and self efficacy by 9.65% on health literacy in preventing vaginal discharge in adolescents. Based on the R-Square value, the direct effect of health promotion, the role of midwives, family function, social environment and self efficacy on health literacy in preventing vaginal discharge in adolescents is 81.65% while 18.35% is explained by other variables not studied. It is hoped that the role of health workers in providing counseling related to the prevention of vaginal discharge, such as making breakthroughs for the renewal of vaginal discharge prevention.

This study examines Boras Sipir Ni Tondi, a sacred cultural symbol of the Batak community which literally means “rice that restores the soul,” often used in traditional rituals as a medium of spiritual healing, blessing, and communal solidarity. The research addresses the growing theological tension and cultural disconnection among Batak Christian youth who are caught between ancestral heritage and the normative teachings of Christianity. The objective of this study is to explore the symbolic and theological meaning of Boras Sipir Ni Tondi and to develop a contextual approach for its integration into Christian Religious Education (CRE). Using a qualitative research approach with library research methods and contextual hermeneutic analysis, the study draws on theological literature, cultural anthropology, and scriptural narratives. The findings reveal that Boras Sipir Ni Tondi holds profound symbolic meanings aligned with Christian concepts of restoration, spiritual renewal, and divine grace. When interpreted theologically, this symbol can serve as a pedagogical tool to bridge faith and culture, especially through reflective learning models, contextual liturgies, and integrative teaching strategies. The study proposes that by embracing culturally meaningful symbols within the framework of biblical theology, CRE can foster spiritual identity that is both rooted in tradition and transformative in faith. It concludes that a critical and theologically grounded inculturation of local symbols enhances the relevance of Christian education, enabling learners to embody faith that is contextually aware, spiritually alive, and culturally rooted.  

This article examines the theological meaning of the concept of the new heaven and new earth based on Revelation 21:1-8, serving as a foundation for eternal hope for Christians. Through a qualitative theological approach, this study explores how the eschatological understanding influences the faith life and spiritual attitude of believers. The concept of the new heaven and new earth not only refers to the physical renewal of the universe at the end of time but also serves as a source of spiritual strength that fosters perseverance, faith, and hope in facing worldly struggles. Furthermore, this reflection emphasizes the role of the Church as the representation of the New Jerusalem, preparing the faithful for eternal fellowship with God. Thus, the promise of renewed creation functions as an ethical and existential foundation encouraging Christians to live faithfully, courageously, and with hope until the divine promise is fully realized. This article asserts that the hope in the new heaven and new earth has tangible implications for contemporary Christian life as a reflection of the already and yet-to-be-fulfilled Kingdom of God

The current global economic situation is facing various complex challenges, including climate change, economic inequality, and technological revolution. The Keynesian theory, which emphasizes the active role of government in stabilizing the economy, remains relevant for designing adaptive and sustainable economic policies. This article discusses the development of Keynesian theory in addressing future challenges, focusing on green investment, equitable redistribution policies, and strengthening technological innovation. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative literature study with thematic analysis of national and international scientific sources. The findings indicate that the renewal of Keynesian theory should not only aim at maintaining short-term stability but also support long-term sustainability by emphasizing the synergy between fiscal policy, technological innovation, and social justice.

This research aims to deeply understand the legal differences between zakat and waqf from the perspective of contemporary fiqh, as well as to analyze their relevance and application in the context of modern social, economic, and technological settings. This research uses a comparative analysis method with a descriptive qualitative approach based on literature study. The sources examined include classical fiqh literature from the four schools of thought, contemporary scholars' views, as well as modern regulations and fatwas related to zakat and waqf in Indonesia. The research findings indicate that although zakat and waqf have fundamental differences in legal status, form, and purpose of utilization, both share a common spirit of wealth distribution and community empowerment. Moreover, contemporary issues such as professional zakat, corporate zakat, stock zakat, cash waqf, productive waqf, and digitalization highlight the need for institutional renewal and strengthening to ensure that the laws of zakat and waqf remain relevant and effective in the modern era. This research concludes that understanding and managing zakat and waqf in an adaptive manner to the times is very important in realizing sustainable community welfare.

The beach cloth works created apply Nias ornaments as a renewal idea to make them attractive and different from previous beach cloths. The aim is to find out the preservation activities of Nias ornaments in the cycle of batik-based beach cloths. Nias ornaments have certain symbolic meanings that are believed and trusted by the local community. Ornaments that are part of fine art by paying attention to the principles in applying Nias ornaments to the beach cloths created. The creation process is carried out by: 1. Data collection, 2. Determining ornaments as samples, 3. Designing digital-based motifs, 4. Transferring designs to primis mori cloth, 4. The canting process using liquid wax, 5. Coloring beach cloth, 6. Locking the color of the cloth using waterglass, 7. Removing wax by boiling and processing the cloth, 8. Drying the cloth until dry. The creation produced 12 different beach cloth works with innovations to preserve Nias ornaments, while at the same time socializing beach cloth as a typical souvenir of the Nias tribe through art exhibitions.

This study addresses the Islamic reform movement in Egypt as a strategic and progressive response to both Western colonial domination and internal stagnation within the Muslim society. It analyzes the intellectual legacy of key reformers—Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Muhammad Abduh, and Rashid Rida—who endeavored to reinterpret Islamic tenets through the lens of modern rationalism, scientific advancement, and updated political governance. Employing a historical-analytical perspective, this paper explores how these thinkers initiated transformative changes in religious exegesis, educational renewal, and Islamic legal discourse. The findings indicate that the reform movement was not merely a defensive reaction to modernity but a deliberate effort to revive ijtihad, cleanse Islamic belief from irrational traditions, and stimulate a socio-political revival grounded in Islamic ethical principles. Ultimately, this reformist legacy laid the groundwork for the evolution of modern Islamic thought across the Arab world and remains highly relevant in present-day discussions on Islam and modernity.

The Islamic reform movement in India and Pakistan arose as a response to the social, political, and intellectual challenges faced by Muslims during colonial times and the early years of Pakistan’s formation. This study explores the key drivers behind the movement and highlights the contributions of figures such as Sayyid Amir Ali, Muhammad Iqbal, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah in promoting education, critical thinking, and social change. The movement successfully fostered renewal while preserving religious values, maintaining its relevance in the ongoing evolution of modern Islam.  

This article discusses the Double Movement theory developed by Fazlur Rahman as a hermeneutic method in the renewal of Islamic law. This theory emphasizes two main movements: first, understanding the socio-historical context of the revelation of the Qur'an to explore universal moral values ​​behind legal provisions; second, actualizing these values ​​into contemporary social and cultural contexts. Through a literature review and case analysis on aspects of family law and economic law in Indonesia, this article shows how the Double Movement theory provides more flexible, dynamic, and relevant interpretive solutions. This approach allows Islamic law to adapt to modern social dynamics without losing its transcendental moral essence. In addition, this approach opens up space for progressive and contextual ijtihad, which is greatly needed in responding to various new challenges in Muslim society. Thus, this theory makes an important contribution to the development of an Islamic legal methodology that is responsive and inclusive to the changing times.

The purpose of the Final Project is to visualize the classic onthel bicycle in the development of the times as an idea for the creation of graphic works in serigraphy technique with a combination method, colet method, afdruk method and cut pattern method. The method of creation carried out in the final work has stages from the beginning of the process to the end, namely the preparation, elaboration, synthesis, concept realization, and completion or finishing stages in the work. In the process of making the final work measuring 69 cm x 49cm using serigraphy on canvas, there are 10 pieces with titles namely: Renewal, Communication, Trend, Sad, Driver, Influence, Obstacle, Identity, Message, and Consistent.

The article discusses about history and development of two main Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, Islamic boarding schools and madrasahs are well-known educational institutions in the Islamic tradition. Islamic boarding schools, in particular, have existed as traditional institutions since the early period of Islam's spread throughout the Indonesian archipelago, with a dormitory-based education system and teaching of yellow books. Meanwhile, madrasahs emerged as a response to the need for more systematic and structured Islamic education, especially during the period of Islamic renewal and colonialism. Through a historical-descriptive approach. This paper examines the developmental trajectories and growth dynamics of the two institutions, as well as their important roles in shaping the identity and direction of Islamic education in Indonesia. The findings indicate that, despite differences in their educational approaches and systems, Islamic boarding schools and madrasahs function complementarily in fulfilling the roles of religious and social education within the community.

As we know, Islamic law is known to have a flexible and dynamic nature, allowing for changes and renewal in accordance with the development of the times and the needs of the people. In this context, the rules of fiqh play an important role as a methodological basis in conducting legal istinbath on contemporary issues. This study aims to examine the rules of fiqh that are relevant in supporting legal change and renewal, such as the rule of "al-ḥukmu yadūru ma‘a al-‘illah wujūdan wa ‘adaman", "lā yunkar taghayyur al-aḥkām bi taghayyur al-azminah wa al-amkinah", and other rules that accommodate social change. The method applied in this study is qualitative-descriptive by utilizing a literature study approach. Data collection was conducted through a literature review of books on Islamic jurisprudence, both classical and modern, as well as secondary sources including books, journals, and related scientific works. The data analysis process was conducted descriptively-analystically with the aim of revealing the meaning and application of Islamic jurisprudence principles related to changes and innovations in Islamic law.

This study aims to analyze the ibdal rule in Arabic word derivation with an integrative approach between traditional methods and modern linguistics. The ibdal rule, namely the change of one letter into another letter in a word, has long been a concern in classical Arabic studies. The traditional approach views ibdal as part of an effort to maintain the purity and beauty of the Arabic language, based on oral history, analysis of ancient poetry, and readings of the Qur'an. Meanwhile, modern linguistics views ibdal as a rational phonological phenomenon, occurring due to phonetic considerations, ease of articulation, and social dynamics. Through an integrative study, this study found that a comprehensive understanding of ibdal can only be achieved by combining an appreciation of classical Arabic heritage with scientific analysis based on modern phonology and morphology. The results of this study indicate that ibdal is not only linguistic, but also reflects the vitality of the Arabic language in responding to changes in the times. The integration of these two approaches also has an impact on the development of curriculum, teaching methods, and the expansion of Arabic language research space towards a more interdisciplinary direction. This study emphasizes the importance of building a scientific attitude that respects tradition while being open to renewal in Arabic studies. Thus, it is hoped that this research can be a significant contribution to the development of Arabic linguistic studies in a contemporary academic context.

A signature is a signature that represents a symbol as a result of a statement or a statement, a product whose development has been very rapid, and has become increasingly popular, an information technology and electronics company which is increasingly popular. With that, the Ellektronilk transaction was born and the use of ElleKtronilk's signature process as an aspect human error. So from iltul pelrlul pelnyelsulailan dulnila dilgiltal telrkailt konselp cybelr notary in ellelktronilk transactions. Ilnil research examines the effectiveness of ellelktronilk's signature in the notary cybelr concept meldnulrult prelsfelktilf pelrmeln komilnfo number 11 of 2022 and implements the research meltodel yulrildils normilvel yailtul sulatul development towards hulkulm problems from the perspective of the US implementation of legal regulations that are valid, article 15 paragraph (3) UlUlJN which regulates that notaries There are also other laxities that are regulated in the regulation of regulations. One of them is the ability to sell transactional financial assets carried out through e-Notary (el-Notary) which ultimately results in deeds of ilkrar, waqf and airplane mortgages. Telrbult legal regulations can be taken from UlUl ILTEl as a legal stand to support the implementation of el-Notary in carrying out electronic transactions. The ability to complete an Otelnilk deed as well as to sign it personally as a legal agreement between Common Law and Civil Law Notaries, between Cybelr Notary and Ellelktronilk Notary. The three things that have been developed have resulted in a formalized renewal strategy produced in a complete, reliable, reliable and safe system through a collaborative strategy developed by several companies or companies using the company's technology team. telmul, selkalilguls' harmony and practice in carrying out the position of notary in Ilndonelsila. The resulting conclusion is that Ellektronilk's signature strength in the notary cybelr concept in the Pelrmeln Komilnfo prelsfelktilf number 11 of 2022, still has no strong legal strength.

This study analyzes the use of symbols in the animated film Wall-E, directed by Andrew Stanton, which conveys environmental and social issues through a semiotic lens. The research applies a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on the interpretation of signs and meanings embedded within the film’s visual elements and narrative structure. The aim is to explore how symbolic representations contribute to the film’s critique of human behavior and modern lifestyles. The findings identify several key symbols used throughout the film. The barren, deserted Earth serves as a metaphor for environmental destruction caused by human greed and overconsumption. Wall-E, the main character, symbolizes resilience and hope amidst ecological collapse. A small green plant becomes a central symbol of renewal and the possibility of life returning to Earth. The spaceship Axiom represents a society dominated by extreme consumerism, where humans have become passive, dependent, and physically detached from nature. Additionally, the depiction of human interactions—or the lack thereof—illustrates the theme of social alienation driven by overreliance on technology. These symbols collectively function as a powerful critique of unsustainable living patterns, warning audiences of the consequences of neglecting environmental responsibility. Furthermore, the film emphasizes the need for balance between technological advancement and ecological awareness. In conclusion, this research highlights the effectiveness of animated films like Wall-E in delivering social and environmental messages. It suggests that cinema can be a potent medium for raising awareness, fostering critical thinking, and educating audiences about the importance of sustainability and human connection in the face of modern challenges.

This study aims to describe and analyze: the application of the MPaspor application as one of the bureaucratic reform strategies and the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of the M-Passport application as one of the bureaucratic reform strategies in the Special Class 1 Immigration Office of the City of Surabaya.  The research method to be used is qualitative descriptive.  Data Collection Techniques include: Interviews, Observations, Documentation. The research informant is the Head of the Suarabaya Special Class I Immigration Office. The data analysis technique using interactive model analysis was developed by Miles et al., (2014), namely data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion drawn. The results of the study show . Mobile Passport as one of the Bureaucratic Reform Strategies at the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office is carried out based on the Institutional Aspect, namely the M-Passport Application based on the Letter of the Director of Immigration Traffic Number IMI.2-UM.01.01-4.0700 dated February 18, 2022 concerning the Follow-up of the Implementation and Implementation Policy of Mobile Passport (M-Paspor) at Immigration Offices throughout Indonesia. In terms of bureaucratic reform, M Passport services in the institutional field, office employees must have proficiency, that is, each office employee must be able to master the skills and knowledge needed in serving citizens, especially foreign citizens who take care of ITAS and ITAP. In terms of resources, it is already available and given full support with the availability of competent IT experts to support the development and implementation of the M-Passport application. The Financial Resources provided continue to be provided for the launch, maintenance, and renewal of the M-Passport application. In terms of governance, as a Technical Implementation Unit of the Special Class I Immigration Office of Surabaya by paying attention to the provision of facilities to support the running process of a bureaucracy.  The Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office provides a guarantee of passport processing time by officers during the interview session, photo taking, and fingerprint scanning for three working days. Passport application service fee Passport costs Rp 350,000, while electronic passport costs Rp 650,000. One of the supporting factors for the implementation of the M Passport Application at the Surabaya Special Class I Immigration Office is supporting facilities and infrastructure, such as queue machines, service counters, and computers. Inhibiting factors include application servers that often crash or have problems. In addition, there is a lack of public understanding that in taking care of passports, original documents must still be brought. 

In the rapidly evolving digital era, digital marketing strategies are crucial for the sustainability and competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This study focuses on the implementation of digital marketing strategies for promoting MSME honey products from Wana Apis in Wonotirto Village, Temanggung Regency. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings indicate that utilizing social media, websites, SEO optimization, email marketing, and collaborations with influencers significantly enhance product visibility and sales. Additionally, mentoring MSME actors in product branding, such as logo design and packaging renewal, strengthens product identity in the digital marketplace. By adopting the right strategies, MSME Wana Apis Honey has the potential to compete in an increasingly competitive market and achieve sustainable business growth.