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This study explores the implementation of Computational Thinking (CT) in physics learning to enhance students' analytical and logical reasoning. Using an experimental approach with a problem-solving model, the research involved students enrolled in physics courses, divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group engaged in simulation-based and algorithmic problem-solving tasks, while the control group received conventional instruction. The research focused on assessing improvements in logical reasoning through pre- and post-tests. Data analysis was conducted quantitatively, comparing the pre-test and post-test results of both groups. Findings revealed that the experimental group showed a significant 31% improvement in logical reasoning skills, while the control group demonstrated a modest 5.8% improvement. This indicates that CT-based activities, such as simulations and algorithmic tasks, are more effective in enhancing students' analytical and problem-solving abilities compared to traditional methods. The study highlights the importance of integrating CT into physics education, as it promotes deeper cognitive engagement, critical thinking, and practical problem-solving skills. These findings suggest that CT strategies can be a powerful tool in improving students' reasoning abilities and better preparing them for complex scientific and real-world challenges.

Many students find it difficult to connect abstract mathematical concepts with real-world applications, leading to limited problem-solving and modeling skills. This study aimed to develop a real-world problem-based mathematics module designed to enhance students’ mathematical modeling abilities. Using a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the 4D model Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate the research involved secondary school students enrolled in mathematics classes. The Define stage identified learning difficulties and needs, while the Design and Develop stages focused on creating, validating, and refining a contextual mathematics module based on expert feedback. Quantitative data were collected through expert validation sheets, mathematical modeling tests, and student response questionnaires. The results demonstrated that the developed module achieved a high level of content and design validity, confirming its appropriateness for classroom use. Student responses indicated strong practicality and engagement during implementation. The effectiveness analysis showed a 28% improvement in mathematical modeling skills after the intervention, as evidenced by increased post-test scores and positive student feedback. Compared to traditional textbook-based instruction, the module proved more effective in fostering conceptual understanding, analytical reasoning, and real-world application of mathematics. In conclusion, the developed real-world problem-based module successfully bridges the gap between theoretical mathematics and authentic contexts, providing an innovative framework to cultivate modeling competence and critical thinking among students.

This study explores strategies to address students' difficulties in understanding and solving mathematical word problems involving long division in elementary schools. These difficulties can stem from internal factors, such as a lack of conceptual understanding, low motivation, and inaccuracy in solving problems, as well as external factors, such as ineffective teaching methods and minimal use of instructional media. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research examines previous studies that discuss the causes of learning difficulties and possible solutions. The findings indicate that a contextual approach based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and the use of concrete teaching aids can significantly enhance students' comprehension of long division. This approach helps students connect learning with real-life experiences and visualize mathematical concepts more clearly. Therefore, innovative instructional strategies are essential to improve elementary school students' understanding and numerical skills.

Plastic waste and the limited amount of agricultural land are big problems for the community, especially in rural areas such as Kayuares Hamlet and Ringinanom Village. The aim of this research is to develop a verticulture technique that uses used bottles to optimize the home yard. Tidar University KKN students provided instruction, training and implementation of a verticulture system using used bottles and PVC pipes. The results of the event show that people are more aware of the importance of using yards and managing plastic waste. In addition, a successfully implemented verticulture system increases land use efficiency and produces vegetable harvests that can help family food security by up to 70%. Limited water resources, high initial costs, and ongoing need for assistance are the main problems in implementing this method. The used bottle-based verticulture system allows communities to continue to develop sustainable agricultural methods that are environmentally friendly and economically profitable.

Critical thinking skills are crucial for preparing students to face complex real-world problems and are a key component of 21st-century learning. This study aims to identify the critical thinking skill profile of 5th-grade elementary school students on the respiratory system material. Critical thinking is an essential skill in 21st-century education, particularly for developing students' abilities in analysis, evaluation, and argumentation. However, it is often neglected in science education at the elementary level. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with survey techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and classroom observations to assess students' critical thinking skills. The results indicate that among the 30 students tested, 15 were categorized as Fair, 12 as Low, and only 3 as Good. No student achieved the Very Good or Very Low category. The analysis of critical thinking indicators including analyzing, evaluating, composing arguments, and problem-solving reveals that while students possess a basic understanding, they struggle with more advanced critical thinking tasks. The study concludes that students' critical thinking skills remain limited to basic comprehension. This limitation is attributed to the dominance of rote learning methods and the lack of interactive and problem-solving-based instructional strategies. Future teaching approaches should prioritize active learning and the integration of critical thinking practices to enhance students' higher-order thinking skills.

CPO is the raw result of the oil extraction process from palm oil fruit. This substance is a rusty red liquid which has varying consistency characteristics depending on the ambient temperature conditions. The problems faced in handling CPO liquid bulk cargo are based on several factors, namely limited infrastructure, weather, distance and how the government regulates the sustainability of this industry at PT. Energi Unggul Persada. The aim of this research is to find out how the CPO liquid bulk transportation procedures are carried out by PT. Energi Unggul Persada, the main challenges faced in handling CPO liquid bulk cargo, as well as how government regulations and policies influence CPO liquid bulk cargo handling procedures and their impact on industrial desires at PT. Energi Unggul Persada. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. This research was carried out at PT. Energi Unggul Persada from February 2022 to April 2022. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, documentation. Meanwhile, the informants used as research were the Shipping Section Operational Experts and Field Coordinators PT. Energi Unggul Persada in Mempawah. The data that has been collected is then carried out by data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of this research are first, the procedures that have been established by the company, namely, before loading begins, the surveyor and lodging master prepare the required documents such as: shipping instructions, ship shore checklist, dry certificate, and the tools used include: flexible hose, crane, floating line, and pump. To ensure that the quality of CPO / cargo meets standards, then during the loading process, the loading master supervises and is responsible for the implementation and smoothness of the loading activity. Second, the main challenges faced in the process of handling CPO liquid bulk cargo include the limited number of pipes, weather conditions at the jetty, and quite long line distances. Third, by committing to supporting a sustainable palm oil industry, the government is adjusting export levies on CPO and its derivatives, which are then channeled back to focus on developing the people’s palm oil industry.