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This article aims to analyze the strengthening of the enforcement of the advocate's code of ethics as an instrument in enhancing the professionalism of the legal profession in Indonesia. The main issue examined is how the regulation of the advocate's code of ethics within the Indonesian legal system and the effectiveness of its enforcement in realizing professional standards. This research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach, based on the analysis of Law Number 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates, the Indonesian Advocate Code of Ethics, and relevant legal doctrines. The research results show that normatively, the regulation of the advocate's code of ethics has a strong and comprehensive legal foundation, encompassing the principles of independence, integrity, confidentiality, and professional responsibility. However, in practice, the enforcement of the code of ethics still faces various obstacles, such as weak supervision, fragmentation of the lawyer organizations, and the suboptimal role of the Honorary Council in upholding professional discipline. This condition creates a gap between norms and implementation, which affects the professionalism of lawyers and public trust. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the enforcement of the code of ethics thru regulatory harmonization, increased transparency and accountability, and the strengthening of an ethical culture within the profession. With effective and consistent enforcement, the advocate's code of ethics is expected to function optimally as an instrument for enhancing professionalism and supporting an integrity-based judicial system.

This study discusses the application of the fiduciary duty doctrine in Indonesian corporate law and its relationship to the legal liability of the President Director in Decision Number 80/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN.Jkt.Pst in the case of PT Timah Tbk. This study uses a normative juridicial method with a statutory regulatory approach and a case approach, namely by examining law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies and relevant court decisions. The results of the study indicate that fiduciary duty is a basic obligation that must be carried out by directors in managing the company, which includes good faith, prudence, and loyalty to the interest of the company. However, in the case of PT Timah Tbk, the former President Direktor was proven not to have carried out these obligations properly. This is seen from the abuse of office, involvement in illegal mining practices, and the formation of shell companies that ultimately resulted in state losses. Violations of these principles not only have an impact on civil aspects, but also have criminal consequences. Therefore, strengthening the principles of fiduciary duty and Good Corporate Governance is very necessary to increase the accountability of directors.

This study aims to examine the normative construction and practical implementation of criminal sanctions against narcotics abusers from the perspectives of Islamic criminal law and Indonesian positive law, as well as to formulate an integrative policy model that is more just, humane, and context-sensitive in Bungo Regency. Narcotics abuse constitutes a multidimensional problem involving legal, social, moral, and public health dimensions. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is required to integrate the normative values of Islamic criminal law with the national legal system. This research employs a normative-empirical approach using comparative legal analysis, examining statutory regulations, doctrines of Islamic criminal law, and law enforcement practices at the local level. The findings indicate that Islamic criminal law frames narcotics abuse within the protection of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly the preservation of intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql) and life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), thereby emphasizing not only punitive but also educational and rehabilitative orientations through the instrument of ta‘zīr. Meanwhile, Indonesian positive law, particularly Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, provides legal space for rehabilitation; however, its implementation still encounters structural and cultural challenges. This study concludes that integrating Islamic criminal law principles with the national legal framework may produce a more responsive sentencing model that upholds substantive justice, human rights protection, and effective narcotics control. Policy reformulation grounded in religious values, restorative approaches, and social rehabilitation is recommended as a strategic direction for national criminal law reform.

The development of the digital era has significantly transformed government administration, particularly in technology-based public services. This transformation requires strengthening the principles of good governance, which include transparency, accountability, public participation, effectiveness, efficiency, and legal certainty. State Administrative Law plays a strategic role in ensuring that bureaucratic digitalization remains within the correct legal framework and does not deviate from good governance principles. This study employs a normative juridical approach with a literature review method to analyze the role of State Administrative Law in strengthening good governance in the digital era. The findings show that State Administrative Law functions as an instrument of legality, discretionary control, data protection, improved accountability, and enhanced public service efficiency. Thus, State Administrative Law is not only regulatory but also adaptive to technological developments in achieving good governance in the digital era.

ABSTRACT Hospitals can be established by the Central Government, Regional Government, or the Community. Hospital management organized by the Government can apply the financial management pattern of BLU or BLUD. Hospital independence can be achieved through healthy business processes. The dual role of hospitals as public services and business entities. The commercial health sector is increasingly closely linked to the global health industry. Collaboration between BLU hospitals and private business entities is often manifested in KSO contracts. KSO contracts must contain legal principles (rechtbeginselen) which serve as basic norms and guidelines in the formation or creation of legal regulations. The principle of personality in KSO contracts is important to ensure the parties' performance is balanced. This study uses a normative or doctrinal legal research methodology by examining primary legal sources in the form of KSO contracts between BLU hospitals and private business entities, the Civil Code, and other material laws. A study was also conducted on secondary legal sources in the form of legal materials consisting of books or legal journals regarding legal principles, the views of legal doctrines, and the results of legal research. Keywords : Principle of Personality, Public Service Agency, Operational Cooperation Contract.

This study explores how young legislative candidates at the local level utilize Instagram as a campaign medium in the era of political digitalism. The focus is on two DPRD candidates in Tangerang City during the 2024 election in Electoral District 3 (Cipondoh–Pinang): Muhamad Azka Nur Fauzi from the National Mandate Party and Ashma Nafilah Maulida from the Prosperous Justice Party. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach and in-depth interviews with key informants, this research analyzes their personal branding strategies using Peter Montoya’s eight laws of personal branding.  The findings reveal that despite their relatively small number of followers, both candidates successfully built authentic and community-relevant political images. MANF emphasized UMKM development and religiosity, aligning with his personal background, while ANM highlighted humanistic social programs and her unique writing hobby. Nevertheless, both still showed weaknesses in several of Montoya’s principles, particularly distinctiveness and visibility consistency. The study concludes that Instagram is not merely a low-cost promotional tool but a strategic platform for local candidates to foster public trust, provided their personal branding remains authentic, consistent, and responsive to local needs.

This community service program addresses the growing ethical challenges of design practices in social media, particularly among children and adolescents. Social media platforms are not merely communication tools but persuasive digital products that influence behavior, emotions, and information consumption. This program aimed to enhance ethical design literacy among members of the Children’s forum in Tangerang Regency through an interactive workshop combining theoretical education, case studies, and practical design exercises. The methodology involved participatory training sessions, including lectures on design ethics, identification of dark patterns, privacy-by-design practices, and hands-on content creation using social media platforms. The results indicate increased participant awareness of ethical principles such as transparency, visual honesty, respect for copyright, and privacy protection. Participants demonstrated improved ability to identify unethical design elements and to produce simple yet responsible visual content. The program contributes to strengthening digital ethics awareness among young social media users and highlights the importance of collaborative, community-based approaches in fostering responsible digital culture.

The provision of legal aid represents the state’s responsibility to ensure access to justice and legal protection, particularly for impoverished and vulnerable groups. Within the framework of regional governance, this responsibility is carried out by local governments through regional apparatuses with authority in legal affairs, including the Legal Bureau of Central Java Province. This article examines the position and authority of the Central Java Provincial Legal Bureau in the administration of legal aid and analyzes the urgency of its dual role as both facilitator and regulator. This study aims to analyze the legal basis of such authority and the implications of the dual role in the implementation of regional legal aid. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the Legal Bureau of Central Java Province possesses administrative authority derived from the delegation of authority by the governor, enabling it to perform both facilitative and regulatory functions in legal aid administration. However, the absence of explicit regulatory boundaries between these roles potentially leads to overlapping authority. Nevertheless, as long as these roles are exercised in accordance with their legal basis and the principles of good governance, the dual role may function as an effective administrative instrument to ensure the effective delivery of legal aid and the protection of citizens’ rights.   Keywords : legal aid, authority, dual role.

The role of ports as crucial nodes in the global supply chain positions the maritime sector as one of the most dynamic industries worldwide. This research analyzes the strengthening of business law support maritime sector integration to enhance port operational efficiency and the role of business law instruments in realizing the principle of fair competition within ports. This research employs a normative legal approach focusing on the study of existing legal norms and regulations governing port management and maritime integration. The strengthening of business law in the maritime sector plays a crucial role in improving port operational efficiency. A strong and well coordinated business law framework will create ports that are more efficient, competitive, and adaptive to the changing demands of the global market. Several key principles must be developed. First, rules on information disclosure and accountability to ensure transparency in port governance. Second, prohibitions against abuse of dominant positions and oversight of vertical integration to prevent anti-competitive practices. Third, clear contractual norms and governance structures for public private partnerships (PPP), including proportional risk-sharing mechanisms to ensure fairness and efficiency in infrastructure development. Fourth, multi-level governance alignment across national and regional authorities to prevent incentive distortions.

UMKM Digital transformation in local governance is an important instrument in realizing the principles of good governance, especially in regions with complex geographical challenges. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of e-government implementation at the district level in encouraging community participation in the local development planning process, using a case study of the Fof District Office, Tambrauw Regency. The methods used were descriptive qualitative through field observations, in-depth interviews with district officials and community leaders, and analysis of development documents. The data was analyzed through the stages of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of e-government in Fef District is in a transition phase. Bureaucratic digitization improves administrative efficiency and transparency of public information. However, its effectiveness in expanding community participation is still low. The main obstacles include limited telecommunications infrastructure in several villages and low community digital literacy. As a result, participation in Musrenbang remains dominated by conventional mechanisms, while digital platforms serve primarily as a means of one-way reporting. This study emphasizes that the success of digital transformation depends on the readiness of infrastructure and community capacity, so a hybrid approach that integrates technology with local wisdom is needed to strengthen participation in regional development.

This study analyzes the implementation of Good Governance in enhancing consular services at the Consulate General of the Republic of Indonesia in Tawau, using a qualitative approach with a case study paradigm. The findings reveal several key points: First, transparency in consular services is achieved through openness about procedures, fees, and service time standards via official platforms like websites, social media, and notice boards. This transparency reduces information asymmetry, prevents maladministration, and builds trust. Second, service accountability is reflected in the timely execution of passport renewals, Emergency Travel Documents, and document legalization, following Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Accountability is further demonstrated through performance reports, complaint channels, and service evaluations. Third, public participation is fostered through two-way communication, complaint mechanisms, and collaboration with Indonesian citizen and migrant worker communities. The mobile consular service program also enhances accessibility. Finally, consular services are based on clear legal frameworks, ensuring the legitimacy of services and protection for Indonesian citizens and migrant workers. Overall, the study concludes that the implementation of Good Governance principles at the Consulate General of Indonesia in Tawau significantly improves the quality of consular services.

This study aims to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of bureaucratic reform in realizing good governance and improving the quality of public services in Indonesia. The research employs a library research method by reviewing various relevant academic sources, including journals, books, and official reports. The findings indicate that bureaucratic reform has a positive impact on enhancing efficiency, effectiveness, transparency, and accountability in public administration. The implementation of reforms through service digitalization, procedural simplification, and the application of standard operating procedures (SOPs) has significantly improved the quality of public services, particularly in terms of speed, accessibility, and service certainty. Furthermore, bureaucratic reform promotes the implementation of good governance principles, such as transparency, participation, and accountability. However, several challenges remain, including resistance to change, limited human resource competencies, and uneven policy implementation across government institutions. Therefore, continuous efforts are required through capacity building, strengthening monitoring systems, and optimizing the use of information technology to ensure the sustainability and success of bureaucratic reform.

Drug misuse continues to be a complicated social and legal issue that has an impact on societal stability, public health, and personal wellbeing. Many criminal justice systems have moved away from punitive tactics in favor of rehabilitation-focused ones in recent years, especially for drug users who are frequently viewed as sufferers of addiction rather than serious criminals. The National Narcotics Agency (BNN) in Indonesia is implementing rehabilitation programs and restorative justice processes as a result of this change. This study investigates the efficacy of restorative justice in drug rehabilitation at Jambi Province's National Narcotics Agency and evaluates its applicability from the standpoint of Islamic law, specifically the framework of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah. The study uses a case study design and a qualitative methodology. Participant observation, document analysis, and in-depth interviews with BNN officials, rehabilitation counselors, medical staff, and ex-drug users were used to gather data. The results show that an integrated evaluation system that assesses drug users' physical, psychological, and social states in order to determine their eligibility for recovery is used to institutionally apply restorative justice principles. Combining medical care, psychological counseling, and social reintegration programs, the rehabilitation programs greatly aid in participants' recuperation, enhance psychological stability, and fortify familial ties. Additionally, by promoting individual responsibility, family support, and community involvement, restorative justice-based rehabilitation lowers the risk of recidivism. From the standpoint of Islamic legal philosophy, these actions are consistent with the goals of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, specifically the defense of human dignity, life (ḥifḍ al-nafs), and intellect (ḥifḍ al-ʿaql). According to the study's findings, restorative justice-based rehabilitation is a compassionate and successful method of treating drug dependency while encouraging social reintegration and long-term recovery.

This study aims to analyze the application of good governance principles in the management of ECE grants by regional governments, focusing on aspects of transparency, accountability, public participation, and legal certainty. The study employs a qualitative approach using Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA), analyzing various secondary data sources such as policy documents, government reports, previous research findings, and relevant academic literature on education grant management. Data analysis was conducted systematically through data reduction, categorization, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of transparency in ECE grant management is reflected in the openness of information regarding grant application procedures, recipient selection mechanisms, and fund usage reporting. Accountability is realized through administrative and financial accountability mechanisms that must be fulfilled by both regional governments and ECE institutions receiving the grants. Public participation is evident from the involvement of communities, ECE institution managers, and parents in the planning, implementation, and supervision of the grant program. Meanwhile, legal certainty in grant management is demonstrated by the existence of regulations that clearly govern grant provision mechanisms, fund disbursement procedures, and obligations for reporting and accountability in fund utilization. The study concludes that the application of good governance principles in the management of ECE grants by regional governments plays a crucial role in enhancing transparency, accountability, and effectiveness in educational fund management. Furthermore, community involvement and regulatory certainty serve as key supporting factors in achieving better governance of education grants.

The reform of Indonesia’s criminal law through Law Number 1 of 2023 concerning the Criminal Code (KUHP) marks a fundamental shift in the national criminal justice system, particularly through the formal recognition of the living law as law that lives within society. This article analyzes the correlation between living law and the principle of legality within the context of national criminal law reform. The study employs a normative juridical method with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches to examine how the 2023 Criminal Code seeks to balance legal certainty with substantive justice. The findings indicate that the regulation of the principle of legality in Article 1 of the KUHP remains the primary foundation for ensuring the protection of individual rights and preventing arbitrary state actions. However, the recognition of living law under Article 2 of the KUHP expands the sources of criminal law beyond written statutes to include social values living within the community, insofar as they are consistent with Pancasila, general legal principles, and human rights. The relationship between the principle of legality and living law in the 2023 KUHP is not antagonistic but rather complementary and harmonious. Living law enriches the legality principle substantively through moral and social justice dimensions, while the legality principle serves as a normative safeguard to maintain legal certainty and prevent the abuse of power. Therefore, the integration of both principles reflects a new paradigm of Indonesian criminal law that is pluralistic, just, and civilized, reaffirming the nation’s legal politics grounded in Pancasila values and the principles of a democratic rule of law.

The policy plan to integrate parking fees into the Vehicle Registration Certificate (STNK), scheduled for nationwide implementation in 2027, has generated debate regarding contractual validity and fiscal justice. From the perspective of Islamic Economic Law, the transformation from a conventional pay-per-use retribution system to an annual prepaid system raises issues related to mutual consent (an-taradin) and the certainty of service benefits. This study aims to analyze the 2027 subscription parking policy using the framework of Maslahah Mursalah and the principle of distributive economic justice to assess its legitimacy as an instrument of public welfare. This research uses a normative legal method with conceptual and statutory approaches. Literature data are analyzed qualitatively through deductive reasoning to derive legal conclusions from general principles of Islamic economics in relation to contemporary fiscal policy. The findings indicate that the policy contains elements of Maslahah Mursalah, particularly in improving bureaucratic efficiency and preventing state revenue leakage (sadd adz-dzari'ah). However, from the perspective of distributive justice, the policy may contain elements of dzulm (injustice) if it is not supported by fair tariff segmentation. Without guaranteed service availability for all payers, mandatory annual parking fees risk being categorized as akl al-amwal bi al-bathil (unlawful appropriation of wealth). Therefore, a zoning-based tariff system is recommended to ensure fairness between obligations and benefits.

This study aims to analyze the position and function of the principle of good faith in the international contract law system and analyze its role in providing legal protection for parties in international business transactions, especially in the context of the free market era. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory and conceptual approach to examine the legal provisions related to this principle. The results of the study indicate that the principle of good faith is not only understood as a moral value in contractual relations, but has also developed into a legal norm recognized in various international legal instruments, such as the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Principles of European Contract Law (PECL), and the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). This principle includes subjective aspects in the form of honest intentions of the parties and objective aspects in the form of internationally applicable fairness standards. The principle of good faith plays an important role in the formation, implementation, and resolution of international business contract disputes. Although there are differences in acceptance between civil law and common law systems, the application of this principle can be harmonized through international legal instruments and soft law.  Thus, the principle of good faith is an important basis for realizing fair, balanced and sustainable international business transactions.

The development of information technology has encouraged transformation in the administration and implementation of the judicial system in Indonesia, including within civil procedural law. The civil justice process, which has traditionally relied on manual procedures as regulated in the HIR and RBg, faces several limitations such as lengthy procedures, relatively high costs, and limited access for justice seekers. To address these challenges, the Supreme Court introduced the e-court system as part of judicial modernization through the digitalization of case administration and court proceedings. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the implementation of e-court in realizing procedural justice within civil procedural law and to examine the relationship between the classical procedural provisions contained in HIR/RBg and the newer regulations governing electronic court administration. The research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and conceptual approaches by examining legal provisions and the concept of procedural justice within the judicial system. The findings indicate that the implementation of e-court reflects a paradigm shift in civil procedural law from a formalistic system toward a more digital and administrative system that improves efficiency in case administration and accelerates dispute resolution. However, this transformation also raises questions regarding the harmonization of legal norms between the regulations governing electronic court systems and the traditional civil procedural rules. Nevertheless, the implementation of e-court has positive implications for the realization of the principles of simple, fast, and low-cost justice while also improving public access to more effective and efficient judicial services.

This research examines the innovation of community empowerment rooted in local wisdom for environmental management and green economy advancement in Ketegan Village, Taman District, Sidoarjo Regency. The study stems from the increasing environmental issues resulting from urban development and the limited public understanding of sustainable economic measures. The research examines how local values—like cooperative efforts and social responsibility—can be incorporated into innovative, economically effective environmental management frameworks. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, data collection involved in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and the documentation of environmental policies and socio-economic information. The results indicate that residents of Ketegan have effectively created an empowerment model that integrates tradition and innovation via waste bank management, the use of organic waste for compost and biogas, and community-driven green economy projects engaging women and youth. Cooperation between the government, community, and universities has been essential in maintaining these initiatives. However, institutional capability, online marketing, and program viability continue to pose considerable obstacles. The research suggests enhancing community potential by providing training in green entrepreneurship, facilitating digital transformation, and incorporating local wisdom principles into sustainable development strategies. The results confirm that innovation rooted in local wisdom can effectively create resilient, competitive, and environmentally aware communities.

This study examines the implementation of Papua Special Autonomy in the context of the relocation policy affecting indigenous betel nut vendor women in Sorong City, using an interpretative perspective. The research focuses on how betel nut women vendors understand and experience the relocation policy as indigenous actors directly affected by public policy. The objective of this study is to explore the meanings, experiences, and interpretations constructed by these women in relation to relocation policies under the framework of Papua Special Autonomy.  This research employs a qualitative method with an interpretative approach, utilising in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The findings reveal that the relocation policy has not fully reflected the core principles of Special Autonomy, particularly in protecting, empowering, and recognising the rights of indigenous Papuans. The women vendors interpret relocation not merely as an urban spatial arrangement, but as a restriction on their economic space and socio-cultural identity.  This study contributes theoretically by enriching the discourse on Special Autonomy from the perspective of local actors, and practically by offering policy recommendations for more inclusive, participatory, and culturally sensitive relocation policies in Papua.