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This study looks at how the Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) model is used in Christian Religious Education (CRE) and checks how it helps students develop their critical thinking abilities. In today’s education system, students are not just expected to remember Bible stories, but also to understand what they mean, think about the moral lessons, and use Christian values wisely in their everyday lives. However, past observations show that CRE classes often use a lot of lectures and memorization, which doesn’t give students much chance to think deeply or link what they learn to real-life situations. The CTL model provides a better way for learning by using seven key parts: constructivism, inquiry, questioning, learning community, modeling, reflection, and real-world assessmen. A descriptive qualitative design was employed involving CRE teachers and students selected purposively from classes that have integrated CTL in online and face-to-face settings. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and instructional documents. The analysis followed Miles and Huberman’s stages of data reduction, display, and conclusion drawing, supported by triangulation to strengthen credibility. The findings reveal that CTL enhances student engagement, promotes higher-order reasoning, and supports the internalization of Christian values in real-life contexts. Supporting factors include a positive school climate, parental involvement, and teacher readiness, whereas obstacles emerge from limited facilities, large class sizes, and insufficient teacher understanding of CTL. The study underscores the need for context-based and character-oriented instructional designs in CRE.

This study explores the major challenges faced by moral education in the modern era, particularly within Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, where rapid technological advancement, globalization, and shifting patterns of student interaction have significantly influenced the traditional process of moral development. The purpose of this research is to analyze teachers’ strategies in revitalizing moral education, identify the supporting and inhibiting factors in its implementation, and evaluate its impact on students’ discipline. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the school principal, Islamic ethics teachers, and students, as well as observations of daily moral habituation practices within the school environment. The findings indicate that effective revitalization of moral education occurs through an integration of teacher role modeling, consistent habituation of moral practices, and value internalization supported by interactive learning methods. These strategies contribute to improved student discipline, greater independence, and more stable behavioral patterns. However, the effectiveness of these efforts is still influenced by external factors such as excessive gadget use and limited continuity of moral guidance at home. The study provides an integrative and adaptive model of moral education that aligns with the characteristics of the digital generation and emphasizes the essential collaboration between teachers, schools, and families. The results highlight the importance of a responsive, contextually relevant approach to moral development that meets the evolving needs and challenges of 21st-century learners.

This paper aims to examine the relationship between Social Learning Theory and the principles of Christian education, particularly in character formation and the discipleship process. Social Learning Theory asserts that human behavior is shaped through observation, imitation, and social interaction, thus role models and the environment play a central role in the learning process. This understanding aligns with Christian education, which emphasizes that faith and character are developed through relationships, life experiences, and role models, as demonstrated in God's relationship with Israel, the life of Jesus Christ, and the practices of the early church. The integration of these two approaches demonstrates that effective Christian character formation requires a combination of modeling, mentoring, and a supportive community, along with the spiritually renewing work of the Holy Spirit. Thus, modern psychological theory and the principles of faith education can complement each other to create a holistic approach to Christian education, whether in the church, school, or family.

This paper discusses the principles of Jesus’ teachings that are relevant for building effective and transformative learning within the context of contemporary education. Jesus is known as the Great Teacher who taught with authority, closeness, and methods capable of transforming the thinking, attitudes, and behavior of His listeners. Through biblical analysis and pedagogical examination, this study identifies several key principles, including the use of stories and parables to facilitate deep understanding, a dialogical approach that encourages active participation, contextualization of the message according to the listeners’ social background, modeling as a form of learning through example, and an emphasis on character transformation as the ultimate goal of education. The study concludes that the principles of Jesus’ teaching are not only effective in delivering content but also play a significant role in shaping the internal transformation of learners. By adapting these principles, modern educators can build learning processes that are more meaningful, holistic, and transformation-oriented.

This study examines the role of teachers as influencers in 21st-century education, particularly in developing students’ intelligence and character through the use of digital media and technology. The digital transformation requires teachers to serve not only as transmitters of knowledge but also as public figures capable of providing positive influence through digital behavior and communication. The purpose of this study is to analyze how teachers perform their roles as educational influencers and how this impacts students’ intellectual and character development. This research employs a literature study method by reviewing scientific sources such as books, articles, journals, and relevant research reports. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to identify patterns, ideas, and strategies used by teachers in integrating character values and digital literacy. The findings indicate that teachers with strong digital competence and personal integrity are able to create positive influence through educational content, digital role modeling, and ethical communication. The implications highlight the importance of strengthening teachers’ digital literacy, educational policy support, and continuous professional training to create a digital learning ecosystem that is character-based, adaptive, and responsive to contemporary challenges.

The disparity in the quality of rehabilitation services across regional work units presents a significant challenge to effective public management. This study aims to bridge the gap between problem diagnosis and policy prediction by proposing a hybrid, data-driven approach. We integrate K-Means Clustering to map the current state of service quality and Stochastic Simulation to predict the impact of strategic interventions. Using the 2024 Public Satisfaction Index (IKM) dataset from the National Narcotics Agency (BNN), the K-Means algorithm initially identified 26 work units (15.7%) in the "Red Zone" (critical performance), highlighting urgent areas for improvement. Next, a stochastic simulation modeling a "Directed Priority Intervention" scenario was run. The results predicted a significant structural shift in the distribution of service quality, characterized by an 80.8% decrease in critical units (down to 5 units) and a 71.8% increase in excellent performing units (up to 67 units). These findings validate that the integration of clustering and simulation provides a comprehensive framework for evidence-based decision-making, enabling policymakers to optimize resource allocation and efficiently accelerate national service standardization.

Beef cattle are a strategic commodity in supporting animal food security and strengthening the regional economy.West Kutai Regency has significant potential for beef cattle development, but is not yet supported by targeted, data-driven livestock planning. This study aims to identify base and non-base areas for beef cattle and map priority zoning for beef cattle center development through the integration of Location Quotient (LQ) and Geographic Information Sistem (GIS) analysis. The study was conducted from April to October 2025 using primary data from field observations and secondary data from relevant agencies. LQ analysis was employed to assess the level of specialization within the beef cattle population at the sub-district level, while GIS spatial analysis was utilized to integrate the LQ results with information on land use and regional accessibility networks. The results showed that of the 16 sub-districts, five are base areas (LQ > 1): Long Iram, Sekolaq Darat, Linggang Bigung, Nyuatan, and Penyinggahan, with Long Iram having the highest LQ value (2.79). The integration of LQ results and spatial modeling resulted in a priority zoning map that highlighted the primary concentration of beef cattle development in areas with high livestock populations, adequate accessibility, and available cultivation space. This study emphasizes the significance of quantitative and spatial approaches in livestock spatial planning, thereby supporting the development of sustainable beef cattle centers in West Kutai Regency.

This study examines the role of the contextual teaching and learning (CTL) model in supporting teachers to create active and meaningful learning experiences. The research highlights the importance of linking instructional content with students’ real-life contexts to strengthen conceptual understanding and improve problem-solving abilities. Through descriptive analysis, this paper outlines the main components of CTL, including constructivism, inquiry, questioning, learning communities, modeling, reflection, and authentic assessment. The findings show that the CTL model enables students to construct knowledge independently, apply concepts to practical situations, and develop critical thinking skills. Furthermore, this study describes challenges faced by teachers across educational levels—such as limited time, students’ low independence, and variations in academic abilities—and proposes practical solutions to address them. The implications of this study emphasize the need for teachers to design engaging learning activities, build supportive classroom environments, and integrate authentic assessment to measure students’ holistic progress. Overall, CTL serves as an effective model for enhancing learning relevance, increasing student participation, and preparing learners to face real-world challenges.

Civic Education (PPKn) serves as an essential foundation for cultivating students’ moral character and citizenship values at the elementary level. This study examines the role of PPKn in shaping the noble character of Grade 2 students at SD Negeri 2 Pereng, identifies existing challenges in its implementation, and proposes strategies for improvement. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through classroom observations and interviews with the Grade 2 teacher. The findings show that PPKn contributes significantly to developing students’ discipline, responsibility, cooperation, politeness, and patriotism through structured routines such as daily prayers, class duties, simple deliberation activities, and flag ceremonies. The teacher’s modeling and guidance further reinforce value internalization. However, limited audiovisual media, uneven literacy skills, and classroom management issues hinder optimal implementation. Effective solutions include simplifying learning materials, utilizing accessible visual media, strengthening teacher facilitation, and enhancing collaboration between school and parents. Overall, PPKn remains vital in supporting character development when supported by adequate strategies and consistent habituation.

This study examines the influence of transparency and accountability on the performance of public service delivery in Pakpak Bharat Regency. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through questionnaires administered to residents who accessed public services provided by local government institutions. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM‑PLS) to evaluate the relationships among the studied variables. The findings reveal that both transparency and accountability have a significant positive effect on public service performance, with transparency demonstrating a stronger influence compared to accountability. These results indicate that improving openness in governmental decision‑making processes and strengthening accountability mechanisms in the execution of public duties are essential strategies for enhancing service quality. The study provides practical implications for local governments, emphasizing the need to formulate policies that promote transparent governance and reinforce accountability structures to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of public service delivery. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on public sector governance by highlighting the critical role of transparency and accountability in improving public service outcomes at the regional level.

This study aims to examine the effects of workload, job stress, and work spirit on employee performance at PT Victory International Futures Surabaya, a financial services company operating in the highly demanding futures trading industry. Employing a quantitative descriptive–correlational approach, data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression using JASP and Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using WarpPLS, which is suitable for addressing multicollinearity issues and relatively small sample sizes (n = 37). The findings reveal that workload and job stress have significant negative effects on employee performance, whereas work spirit has a significant positive effect and emerges as the most dominant predictor. These results reinforce the Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) theory, which posits that job demands such as workload and stress can reduce performance when not balanced with adequate psychological resources like work spirit. Practically, the study recommends that management optimize workload distribution, implement stress management strategies, and strengthen employee motivation to improve performance sustainably. The study is limited by its small sample size and single-company focus, suggesting that future research should expand the organizational context and incorporate additional variables such as job satisfaction or organizational commitment.  

Ethical leadership is a crucial foundation for building an organizational culture of integrity, especially in this era of technological disruption and socio-economic complexity. This study examines how ethical leadership is implemented at Kopdit Bintang Timur, a credit union in Sikka Regency, to shape an organizational culture of integrity. Employing a descriptive narrative method with interview and observation techniques targeting managers and deputy managers, this research finds that ethical values such as honesty, fairness, and mutual cooperation are instilled through leader role modeling, transparent financial management, and active member participation. Key challenges include the difficulty of maintaining ethics amidst personal interests; however, routine oversight systems and fair complaint handling help to maintain integrity. The results indicate that ethical leadership contributes to member trust and organizational sustainability. Recommendations for development include formal ethics training programs and the utilization of technology to enhance transparency.

This study investigates the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in strengthening social entrepreneurship ecosystems in Malang Raya, Indonesia. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-method design, quantitative data were collected from 100–150 respondents representing key ecosystem actors, including faculty members, students, social entrepreneurs, supporting institutions, and government stakeholders. Quantitative data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with LISREL software, while qualitative data from 15–25 key informants were analyzed thematically through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The study integrates Resource-Based View (RBV), Triple Helix Model, and Social Capital Theory to develop a comprehensive framework. Findings demonstrate that HEIs significantly influence ecosystem sustainability, although some relationships show non-significant effects due to external factors and institutional readiness. The study recommends implementing collaborative strategies based on the triple helix model and strengthening social capital to enhance the social entrepreneurship ecosystem. This research contributes to advancing community-based entrepreneurship theory and provides practical implications for policymakers and institutional leaders in Indonesia.

This study investigates the impact of intrinsic motivation, workload, and competence on job satisfaction, exploring its implications for employee performance, with job satisfaction serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was employed, utilizing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) for data analysis collected via questionnaires. The results reveal that intrinsic motivation has a positive but insignificant impact on job satisfaction and performance. Workload significantly improves job satisfaction but does not affect performance, while competence significantly enhances both job satisfaction and performance. Additionally, job satisfaction positively affects employee performance. The mediation analysis reveals that job satisfaction mediates the relationship between competence and workload on performance, but does not mediate the relationship between intrinsic motivation and performance. These findings highlight the critical roles of competence and job satisfaction in improving employee performance, suggesting that intrinsic motivation and workload may require additional factors, such as compensation and work environment, to be more effective.

This study aims to analyze the impact of participative leadership on voice behavior with knowledge sharing as a mediating variable among employees at PT. Jambi Ekspres Televisi. This research uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-PLS) technique analyzed using SmartPLS 4.0. The sample consists of 30 respondents selected through saturated sampling. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire that measures the variables of participative leadership, voice behavior, and knowledge sharing. The results of the study show that (1) participative leadership, voice behavior, and knowledge sharing are at a high category; (2) participative leadership has a positive and significant impact on voice behavior; (3) participative leadership has a positive and significant impact on knowledge sharing; (4) knowledge sharing has a positive and significant impact on voice behavior; and (5) knowledge sharing significantly mediates the relationship between participative leadership and voice behavior. This study recommends that PT. Jambi Ekspres Televisi enhance participative leadership practices by strengthening two-way communication and implementing a more structured knowledge management system to improve performance and collaboration among employees.

This study aims to empirically analyze how the implementation of Green Supply Chain Standards and halal certification affects the competitiveness of Food and Beverage SMEs in Padang City. Sustainable economic development requires the integration of environmental and ethical aspects in the supply chain, especially in the food sector. In Padang City, Food and Beverage SMEs are the driving force of the economy, facing a dual challenge of meeting consumer demands for halal products and environmentally friendly practices. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Primary data were collected through questionnaires from a sample of owners or managers of food and beverage SMEs operating in Padang City. Data management is carried out using regression analysis or Structural Equation Modeling to test the hypothesis of the effect of independent variables GSCM and Halal Certification on the dependent variable (SME Competitiveness). This research is expected to demonstrate that the implementation of GSCM positively affects the competitiveness of SMEs, and halal certification also has a significant positive impact on competitiveness, especially in expanding market access and increasing Muslim consumer trust.

This study aims to simulate the M/M/1 queueing system using Python through a Modeling and Simulation approach supported by the Discrete-Event Simulation (DES) method. The objective of the research is to analyze key performance indicators of queueing behavior, including arrival time, service time, waiting time, queue length, and server utilization. The methodology employs DES, which models system behavior based on discrete events such as customer arrivals, service initiation, and service completion. The simulation generates stochastic arrival and service times using Poisson and exponential distributions, respectively. The results indicate that the DES-based M/M/1 simulation accurately reflects theoretical queueing behavior, showing increases in waiting times and queue lengths when arrival rates approach service rates, while server utilization corresponds to system load intensity. The findings demonstrate that DES is an effective approach for analyzing queue performance and can be extended to more complex models such as multi-server systems, priority queues, and predictive simulations using artificial intelligence.

Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO) serves as a primary communication medium for the deaf community; however, limited public understanding often creates barriers during daily interactions. This study aims to develop a real-time BISINDO word-level translation system using hand landmark extraction and temporal modeling with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The system employs MediaPipe Hands to detect 21 hand landmarks per frame, which are then processed as sequential motion patterns to classify five BISINDO words: saya, terima kasih, maaf, nama, and kamu. A total of 250 gesture samples were recorded under controlled lighting conditions as the primary dataset. The processed sequences were used to train the LSTM model, which was subsequently integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller and a DFPlayer Mini module to produce direct audio output. Experimental results show that the model achieved an average accuracy of 86%, with precision and recall values ranging from 0.81 to 0.94. The confusion matrix analysis indicates that most gestures were correctly classified, although some errors occurred in gestures with similar initial motion trajectories. Integration testing demonstrated an average system latency of 3.8 seconds and an audio output success rate of 85%. These findings indicate that the proposed system is capable of translating BISINDO word-level gestures accurately, responsively, and consistently in real-time conditions. This study provides a strong foundation for the broader development of sign language translation systems, with potential enhancements in vocabulary expansion, multi-user datasets, and hardware optimization for deployment in real-world environments.

Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengembangkan Sistem Informasi Penjualan berbasis web untuk Gerai Oleh-Oleh Bali yang selama ini masih menggunakan pencatatan manual dengan buku besar dan perhitungan menggunakan kalkulator. Sistem manual tersebut menyebabkan risiko kesalahan pencatatan, lambatnya proses pencarian data, serta kesulitan dalam pengarsipan data penjualan, pembelian, pemesanan, dan pengelolaan stok barang. Penelitian menggunakan metode pengembangan perangkat lunak Waterfall dengan pendekatan pemodelan Unified Modeling Language (UML). Tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi analisis kebutuhan melalui wawancara dengan pemilik gerai, perancangan sistem (Use Case Diagram dan Class Diagram), implementasi, pengujian unit, pengujian sistem menggunakan metode black-box testing, serta tahap pemeliharaan (maintenance). Sistem yang dibangun mencakup fitur login, dashboard, pengelolaan data master (supplier dan barang), transaksi penjualan dengan dukungan scan barcode, transaksi pembelian, laporan penjualan dan pembelian, serta pengelolaan user. Hasil pengujian black-box menunjukkan seluruh test case berstatus Valid dan sistem berfungsi sesuai harapan. Pada tahap maintenance dilakukan contoh corrective maintenance dengan perbaikan bug pada query laporan penjualan harian.Sistem informasi penjualan berbasis web yang dihasilkan mampu mempercepat proses transaksi, mengurangi kesalahan manusia, meningkatkan akurasi data, serta memudahkan pengelolaan stok dan pembuatan laporan secara real-time. Implementasi sistem ini memberikan solusi efektif bagi Gerai Oleh-Oleh Bali dalam meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan interaksi dengan pelanggan.

Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem pemantauan berbasis Internet of Things (IoT) untuk mengoptimalkan kinerja Mini PC dan pemeliharaan real-time di CV Permata Gemilang Jaya. Metodologi waterfall diterapkan menggunakanNodeMCU sebagai mikrokontroler utama, dilengkapi dengan sensor DHT22, DS18B20, dan INA219 untuk memantau parameter suhu, CPU, dan memori. Arsitektur sistem mengintegrasikan kerangka kerja Laravel dengan database MySQL, menghasilkan aplikasi web responsif dengan kontrol akses berbasisperan untuk Admin Pusat, Admin Regional, dan Teknisi Cabang. Infrastrukturserver cloud dengan konektivitas GSM cadangan memfasilitasi pemantauanterpusat di wilayah Ciayumajakuning. Desain sistem menggunakan Unified Modeling Language (UML) dengan diagram kasus penggunaan dan diagram aktivitas yang komprehensif. Penerapan sistem pemberitahuan otomatisdengan mekanisme peringatan berbasis ambang batas memungkinkan deteksidini anomali perangkat. Antarmuka yang dioptimalkan untuk selulermeningkatkan aksesibilitas teknisi untuk operasi lapangan. Validasi sistemmenunjukkan strategi pemeliharaan preventif yang sukses dalam mengurangiwaktu henti perangkat dan mengoptimalkan efisiensi operasional infrastrukturteknologi informasi.