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Thomas Aquinas was a major figure in the Era of Scholasticism in the Middle Ages, who was very influential and famous for driving the Western world's resistance to Augustine and Plato's teachings on Eastern mysticism that are still preserved. According to Thomas Aquinas, faith and reason are processes in Christian philosophy. However, please note that this is not possible due to a limitation of reason. Although reason does not transcend mystery, reason can facilitate the understanding of the mystery of God, whereas faith is an intermediary to bridge man's mind with God. Although mystery can overcome the intellect, the two are complementary understandings. Thus, Thomas concludes that two kinds of knowledge do not contradict each other, but that stand side by side, namely natural knowledge, which is based on rare intellect and has things of a general human nature as its object, and the knowledge of faith, which is based on revelation and has divine truth, which is in the scriptures, as its object. Thomas himself provided 5 proofs that God is always there.

This study discusses the dialogue between Christian faith and Karl Marx’s atheism as well as its relevance to the lives of contemporary Christians. The rise of atheism in modern society is closely related to secularization, scientific progress, social inequality, and criticism of religious institutions that are considered unable to answer humanitarian problems. Karl Marx viewed religion as an ideological instrument that often legitimized oppression and alienated humans from their true existence. Through his famous statement that “religion is the opium of the people,” Marx criticized forms of religiosity that merely comfort human suffering without striving for social liberation. This research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach by examining various philosophical, theological, and social sources related to Marx’s atheism and the Catholic Church’s teachings. The findings reveal that Marx’s criticism of religion should not merely be understood as a rejection of God, but also as a moral challenge for the Church to continuously renew itself in carrying out its mission amid social realities. In response, the Catholic Church, especially through the teachings of the Second Vatican Council, views atheism not only as a doctrinal challenge but also as an opportunity for dialogue and self-reflection. The study concludes that authentic Christian faith is not an escape from worldly realities but a spiritual force that encourages believers to uphold justice, solidarity, and human dignity. Therefore, Marx’s criticism can become a reflective instrument for Christians to embody a more contextual, humanistic, and socially engaged faith in the modern world.

Indonesia is a country rich in cultural diversity, one of which is Javanese culture which is full of philosophical values ​​and symbolic meanings in every practice, including in the traditional wedding procession. One of the important rituals in Javanese traditional weddings is the Panggih Manten ritual, which represents the meeting between the bride and groom with various symbols of life, hope and blessings. Along with the development of the times and the flow of modernization, people's understanding of the philosophical meaning of the ritual has shifted. Some people still carry out this tradition as a hereditary custom without understanding the values ​​contained in it, even giving rise to debates regarding its suitability with Islamic teachings. This study aims to analyze the practice of the Panggih Manten ritual in Javanese traditional wedding traditions and review its suitability with the 'Urf argument in Islamic law. The research method used is qualitative with a juridical-normative approach, while the research location was carried out in Pengkol village, Mantingan District. The results of the study show that the Panggih Manten ritual is basically acceptable in Islamic law as long as it does not conflict with the principles of sharia. Based on analysis from the perspective of al-'urf, several aspects of the Panggih Manten ritual, such as muter asem (the act of making offerings), and the belief in disasters, contain elements that are inconsistent with Islamic law and could potentially lead to idolatry, thus being categorized as al-'urf al-fāsid. Therefore, the Panggih Manten tradition can be preserved through reinterpretation of its meaning and the elimination of elements that contradict Islamic teachings, thus aligning it with Islamic principles.

Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi fenomena kecurangan pada PT Dana Syariah Indonesia (DSI) melalui pisau analisis Fraud Triangle milik Donald R. Cressey (1953). Fenomena penyimpangan di PT Dana Syariah Indonesia (DSI) tercatat sebagai skandal keuangan paling masif pada sektor P2P lending berbasis syariah di tanah air. Sepanjang tahun 2018 hingga 2025, kerugian finansial yang ditimbulkan diestimasi menyentuh Rp2,4 triliun dengan total korban mencapai lebih dari 15.000 pemberi dana. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi dokumentasi dari berbagai sumber, meliputi laporan resmi OJK, siaran pers Bareskrim Polri, temuan PPATK, serta publikasi berita terverifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga elemen Fraud Triangle terbukti hadir dalam kasus DSI: (1) Tekanan (pressure) berupa kebutuhan likuiditas internal dan target imbal hasil tinggi 16–18% per tahun yang tidak realistis; (2) Kesempatan (opportunity) berupa lemahnya pengawasan OJK terhadap fintech syariah, ketiadaan audit independen yang efektif, dan eksploitasi kepercayaan berbasis label syariah; serta (3) Rasionalisasi (rationalization) berupa pembenaran pelaku dengan menggunakan argumen ekonomi makro dan penyalahgunaan nilai-nilai syariah sebagai perisai. Penelitian ini juga mengintegrasikan perspektif akuntansi forensik sebagai alat deteksi dan pencegahan fraud. Temuan penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi kontribusi ilmiah bagi penguatan regulasi, pengawasan fintech syariah, serta literasi keuangan masyarakat.

Penelitian ini menganalisis praktik akuntansi keberlanjutan pada Arif Barbershop, sebuah usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah (UMKM) di Jombang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana barbershop menerapkan prinsip Environmental, Social, dan Governance (ESG) dalam operasional sehari-hari. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan pemilik usaha dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa Arif Barbershop telah menerapkan praktik lingkungan dasar seperti pengelolaan limbah rambut melalui kantong plastik ke tempat pembuangan sampah, serta efisiensi energi dengan mematikan peralatan listrik setelah jam operasional. Dari aspek sosial, barbershop menjaga kepuasan pelanggan melalui konsistensi kualitas layanan dan sistem bagi hasil (60:40) kepada karyawan. Praktik tata kelola, meskipun bersifat informal, mencakup pencatatan keuangan sederhana menggunakan buku biasa. Namun demikian, barbershop belum memiliki izin usaha formal dan belum menerapkan kerangka akuntansi keberlanjutan yang terstandar. Penelitian ini menyoroti bahwa UMKM dapat mempraktikkan akuntansi keberlanjutan secara intuitif, dan menyarankan perlunya program pelatihan serta alat pelaporan yang disederhanakan.

This research is prompted by the unique narrative of Rahab, a Canaanite woman who occupies a critical theological position in Israel’s history of salvation despite her status as an outsider to the chosen people. The primary focus of this study is to explore the dimensions of Rahab’s faith and God’s sovereignty as recorded in Joshua 2:1-12. This study aims to analyze how the confession of faith from a marginalized individual aligns with God's sovereign plan and to determine the relevance of these values for contemporary Christian witness. The method employed is a qualitative approach utilizing library research and exegetical analysis of the text in Joshua 2:1-12. The findings indicate that Rahab's faith was not merely an act of self-preservation but a theological response to the formidable power of God that transcends ethnic boundaries and social status. God's sovereignty is proven capable of working through unexpected subjects to fulfill His divine purpose. The implications of this research assert that modern Christian witness must be inclusive and transformative, where the courage to declare God's truth amidst threatening situations constitutes a tangible form of living faith. The church is called to perceive God's sovereignty as the fundamental basis for mission and witness, unrestricted by social or cultural exclusivity.    

The prevalence of non-communicable degenerative diseases in Indonesia continues to rise, particularly affecting adolescents and productive age populations due to unhealthy lifestyle patterns and free radical exposure. Purple sweet potato leaves (Ipomoea batatas L.), a locally abundant resource often regarded merely as agricultural by-product, contain significant bioactive compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and terpenoids demonstrating potent antioxidant properties with IC50 values of 47.99 ppm. This study employs a qualitative descriptive literature review approach, analyzing 28 scientific publications spanning 2018-2025 sourced from Google Scholar and PubMed databases to examine the potential of purple sweet potato leaves as effervescent tablet raw material for degenerative disease prevention. Findings reveal that bioactive constituents effectively neutralize free radicals, prevent lipid peroxidation, and protect cellular structures from oxidative damage linked to diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders. The effervescent tablet formulation provides strategic advantages including enhanced solubility, accelerated absorption rates due to elimination of disintegration processes, pleasant carbonation sensation masking unpleasant active ingredient taste, and superior gastrointestinal tolerance. This innovation offers promising prospects for degenerative disease prevention through local food resource utilization, though experimental validation regarding optimal formulation, effective dosage determination, and clinical efficacy assessment remains necessary for practical implementation.

This study aims to examine how faith rooted in the family has implications for children's character education. The family is the first and foremost environment in human life, where children begin to learn about life values, including faith, morals, and responsibility. In Christian families, parents play a crucial role in instilling and fostering faith through living examples, praying together, and participating in Church life. This study employed a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. The analysis was conducted by reviewing various scientific sources and Church documents relevant to the research theme, such as Familiaris Consortio and Amoris Laetitia, which emphasize the role of the family as a "domestic Church." The documents of the Second Vatican Council, as well as relevant journals and books, were also used. The results of the study indicate that faith that lives and grows within the family has a significant influence on the formation of children's character. The values ​​of faith taught within the family, such as love, honesty, responsibility, and concern for others, form an important foundation for developing good character. Through consistent faith education within the family, children can grow into individuals with faith, morals, and the ability to live responsibly in society.

This study aims to analyze the contribution and potential of the Lampung Province tourism sector to national economic growth in the 2020-2025 period. Using a quantitative descriptive approach using the Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share methods, this study processes secondary data on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices from the Central Statistics Agency. The analysis shows that although Lampung's macroeconomic performance is still dominated by the primary sector, the tourism sector, particularly the accommodation and food and beverage subsector, has demonstrated post-pandemic resilience with a significant positive growth trend. In 2024, the GRDP value of this subsector at the provincial level reached IDR 4,616.76 billion, with strategic areas such as Bandar Lampung City confirming the accommodation sector as a base sector (LQ > 1) with a high competitive advantage. The integration of a creative economy based on local wisdom, such as the use of Tapis cloth and digital marketing, has been proven to increase the attractiveness of destinations, capable of driving the volume of domestic tourist trips to reach 17.87 million trips by 2024. This finding confirms that Lampung's tourism sector is not only a regional economic driver, but also makes a substantial contribution to national income through a multiplier effect on job creation and increasing domestic foreign exchange. Optimizing collaboration between policymakers and accelerating infrastructure development are key to strengthening the strategic position of Lampung tourism in the future.

The use of population data plays a crucial role in improving the quality of public services and supporting data-driven policymaking. The Population and Civil Registration Service (Disdukcapil), as the agency responsible for population administration, is responsible for providing accurate, up-to-date, and integrated population data. This study aims to analyze collaborative patterns of population data utilization and public service innovation at the Serang City Population and Civil Registration Service. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, documentation, and literature studies from various relevant academic sources. The results show that collaborative patterns of population data utilization are carried out through the integration of population information systems, data exchange between government agencies, and the development of information technology-based services. Public service innovations carried out include the digitization of population administration services, the use of online service information systems, and improving the quality of digital technology-based services. This collaborative data utilization can increase the effectiveness of public services and accelerate the population administration process for the community. Therefore, strengthening inter-agency coordination, improving the quality of human resources, and developing information technology infrastructure are important factors in supporting the successful utilization of population data and public service innovation.

Christian education plays a strategic role in shaping the faith, character, and spiritual life of learners however, learning processes often remain theoretical, limiting the internalization of faith values. This study aims to examine the concept of theological reflection using the Sharing Christian Praxis (SCP) method in Christian education, explore its application, and analyze its relevance to contemporary life. This research employs a qualitative approach with a literature study method, drawing on relevant books, scientific journals, and academic sources. The findings indicate that theological reflection is a fundamental process in Christian education that enables learners to interpret life experiences in the light of God’s Word, resulting in authentic faith transformation. The SCP method, developed by Thomas H. Groome, provides an operational framework for implementing this theological reflection through systematic stages: sharing life experiences, critical reflection, engagement with Scripture, dialogue, and commitment to action. The relationship between theological reflection and SCP is integral and synergistic; theological reflection provides direction and depth, while SCP operationalizes this process dialogically and contextually, the application of SCP in Christian education has proven effective in increasing learner engagement and connecting faith with daily life. It is recommended that Christian educators implement SCP as a primary learning method, and that educational institutions integrate it into their curriculum development strategies.

Digital spirituality is a way of living and expressing spiritual life within the context of the digital world, where technology serves as a medium to strengthen one’s relationship with God, oneself, and the community. It is therefore a conscious effort to maintain and nurture faith amid the overwhelming flow of information on social media. The concept of From Scroll to Soul encourages believers not merely to be passive recipients of information but to engage spiritually by using technology as a tool for faith formation. Practices such as using spiritual apps, participating in online communities, selecting constructive content, and conducting digital detoxes are important steps to maintain focus on God. Theologically, digital spirituality affirms that God is present in every aspect of life, including virtual spaces. Technology can become a tool of grace that deepens one’s relationship with God and serves as a space for witnessing faith when used wisely. Thus, digital spirituality is not a rejection of technology but rather its use as a medium for growth, testimony, and bringing Christ’s values into the modern information culture.

Christian Religious Education (PAK) plays a crucial role in helping students develop faith based on the truth of God's Word. Therefore, a theological foundation plays a crucial role in the implementation of PAK, ensuring that educational activities are not only focused on knowledge transfer but also directed toward holistically shaping character and strengthening students' faith. This article aims to examine the theological foundation of Christian Religious Education in the process of developing students' faith based on Christian teachings. The method used in this study is literature analysis, examining various theological sources, the Bible, and writings related to Christian education. The findings of this study indicate that the theological foundation of PAK stems from God's calling as a true educator, the example of Jesus Christ as the Primary Teacher, and the role of the Holy Spirit in fostering and maintaining faith. Christian Religious Education based on strong theology can help students experience true growth in faith, internalize Christian values, and implement them in their daily lives.

The debate concerning the relationship between faith (īmān) and deeds (ʿamal) constitutes one of the central issues in the history of Islamic theology, generating diverse perspectives among theological schools. This study aims to comparatively analyze the epistemology of deeds in three classical Islamic theological traditions: Khawarij, Murji’ah, and Ahlussunnah. The research employs a qualitative approach using the integrative literature review method, examining classical works of ʿilm al-kalām alongside contemporary academic studies. The data were analyzed through data reduction, thematic categorization, and comparative analysis to identify differences in the epistemological frameworks used to understand the relationship between faith and deeds. The findings indicate that the Khawarij developed a textual–legalistic epistemology that considers deeds an essential component of faith, thereby viewing perpetrators of major sins as having exited the state of faith. In contrast, the Murji’ah developed a theological–rational epistemology that separates faith from deeds and postpones judgment regarding major sinners to God’s ultimate decision. Meanwhile, Ahlussunnah formulated an integrative epistemology that combines belief in the heart, verbal affirmation, and deeds within the structure of faith without declaring major sinners as unbelievers. This study highlights that differences in the concept of deeds in Islamic theology are not merely doctrinal but also reflect distinct epistemological frameworks in interpreting religious sources. The findings contribute conceptually to the study of ʿilm al-kalām by offering a comparative mapping of the epistemology of deeds across three major theological traditions in Islam.

This study discusses the importance of family-focused Christian theology in building children's character in the digital era through the Christian Religious Education (PAK) approach. The transformation of information and communication technology has brought major changes, including in the fields of education and character formation. The digital era provides opportunities to increase knowledge and access to learning, but also raises challenges in the form of weakening moral values, integrity, and relationships within the family. The family as a divine institution has a primary role in teaching Christian values ​​through role models, communication, and direct experience. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach, which reviews literature and observations of Christian education practices both in families and schools. The results show that families have an important role in developing children's faith and character, while PAK serves as a link between faith education at home and formal education at school. PAK is considered relevant because it can unite students' cognitive, affective, and conative aspects in facing the influence of digital culture. Overall, family-based Christian theology supported by PAK has great relevance in shaping a young generation with integrity, critical thinking, and character. This approach not only instills knowledge of faith but also prepares students to become responsible and wise leaders in utilizing technology in accordance with Christian values.

Indonesian Sign Language (Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia, BISINDO) is often misunderstood as merely a gestural or simplified form of communication, undermining its linguistic sophistication and contributing to barriers to deaf inclusion in Indonesia. Approximately 2.6 million deaf individuals in the country rely on BISINDO as their primary language. This study explores the linguistic complexity of BISINDO, documenting its phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic systems. Using a mixed-methods approach, we analyzed 150 hours of BISINDO conversations from 80 deaf signers, conducted experimental studies on phonological distinctions and syntactic complexity, and performed ethnographic fieldwork in deaf communities and schools. Comparative analysis with American Sign Language (ASL) was also conducted. Our findings demonstrate that BISINDO is a fully developed natural language, with 45 handshapes, 18 locations, 23 movements, and 4 orientations in its phonological system. It shows productive morphological processes, flexible word order, and rich semantics, including idioms and metaphors. However, there are significant barriers to inclusion: 68% of deaf students lack qualified BISINDO teachers, and 84% of public services lack sign language interpreters. Furthermore, 72% of hearing Indonesians still do not recognize BISINDO as a legitimate language. Deaf community organizations, however, report BISINDO as central to their identity. The study highlights the need for policy reforms, including BISINDO recognition as an official language, qualified interpreters, bilingual deaf education, and public awareness campaigns to combat misconceptions.    

Oil palm plantations are often confronted with the problem of uncontrolled land expansion and suboptimal management, which potentially threaten the sustainability of the business from environmental, social, and economic perspectives for surrounding communities. This condition calls for a comprehensive evaluation of management practices implemented by independent smallholders. This study aims to determine the sustainability status of smallholder oil palm plantations in Parindu Subdistrict, Sanggau Regency, assessed from five main dimensions: ecological, economic, social, institutional, and technological. In addition, the study analyzes attributes that have sensitivity levels affecting the future sustainability of oil palm farming as a basis for formulating improvement strategies. A total of 36 respondents were selected using purposive sampling techniques and in-depth interviews. The research method employed was quantitative descriptive using the Rap-Palmoil approach and qualitative descriptive supported by kite diagrams to clarify the analysis results. The findings indicate that the management status of oil palm plantations falls into the moderately sustainable category, with MDS values of 53.61 for Embala Village and 55.75 for Maju Karya Village. The dimensions that require priority improvement in both villages are the ecological and technological dimensions.

Teachers’ managerial competence plays a crucial role in ensuring effective and relevant learning, particularly in vocational education. Teachers are required not only to master subject matter but also to plan, manage, and evaluate learning through well-structured and contextual learning tools. This Community Service activity aimed to strengthen teachers’ managerial competence through training on the development of learning tools using a deep learning approach at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Tangerang Selatan. The implementation method included conceptual material delivery, practical training, and mentoring in designing learning tools. The deep learning approach was applied to encourage learning designs that emphasize deep understanding, critical and reflective thinking, and alignment with workplace demands. The results showed an improvement in teachers’ understanding and skills in developing more systematic, innovative, and adaptive learning tools aligned with 21st-century competencies. This activity contributed positively to strengthening teachers’ roles as learning managers and supporting the improvement of learning quality in vocational schools.

The month of Ramadan is a crucial time for Muslims to strengthen their faith and improve themselves through various religious activities. This community service initiative aims to utilize Ramadan as a means of spiritual development for youth on Jl. Medokan Semampir, Surabaya. The method used in this activity is a participatory approach through the delivery of religious material, interactive discussions, and question-and-answer sessions that actively involve youth. This activity was carried out face-to-face, involving university students as presenters and local youth as participants. The results of the activity showed that the youth showed high enthusiasm in participating in the religious development activities. Through this activity, youth gained a better understanding of the meaning and benefits of fasting in Ramadan and the importance of improving the quality of faith and behavior in daily life. In addition, this activity was able to strengthen social relationships between students and the community and foster religious awareness in youth to be more active in positive activities with religious value. Therefore, the momentum of Ramadan can be used as an effective means to shape religious character and improve the quality of faith of the younger generation in the community.

Considering the importance of the next generation in the church, children must be empowered to be better. Therefore, this research can be a work that provides education about the influence of technology on Sunday school children at the Imanuel Batubara' Ra'Bung church which can be used as an instrument to help them in developing better thinking patterns. The research method used is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach to describe the reality of the reality that occurs in the field. The qualitative method is applied through library research and field analysis. The library study is applied by finding supporting theories that are relevant to the research. Furthermore, a descriptive approach is applied through interview techniques and field analysis. Interviews were conducted by the author through field research and social analysis. The theories applied by the author are theories about counseling, theories about the church and theories about social assistance. The results of this study are that Sunday school teachers and child care providers must work together to help Sunday school children know God well and also be able to lead themselves in a better direction.