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The practice of adulterating RON 92 (Pertamax) fuel has the potential to violate consumer rights and is contrary to applicable laws and regulations. The practice of mixing lower-quality fuel and then marketing it as RON 92 results in material and immaterial losses for users, including reduced vehicle performance and a loss of trust in business operators. This research aims to analyze the legal protections available to consumers regarding the practice of adulterating fuel based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and related provisions in Law Number 22 of 2001 concerning Oil and Gas. The research method used is normative legal research with a library research approach, through analysis of relevant laws and regulations, scientific literature, and secondary legal sources. The results indicate that the practice of adulterating fuel violates consumers' rights to comfort, security, safety, and accurate information as stipulated in Article 4 of the Consumer Protection Law, and violates the obligations of business actors as stipulated in Articles 7 and 8 of the Consumer Protection Law. Business actors can be held accountable for civil damages, dispute resolution through the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK), or subject to administrative and criminal sanctions in accordance with the Oil and Gas Law. Therefore, legal protection for consumers in cases of fuel adulteration requires an interconnectedness between effective government oversight, firm law enforcement, business actor accountability, and increased consumer legal awareness to ensure legal certainty and fairness in trade activities.

This study is motivated by the fact that the regulation of securities investment and direct investment in Indonesia still faces legal harmonization issues between the provisions of Law No. 4 of 2023 concerning the Development and Strengthening of the Financial Sector particularly those governing the capital market and Government Regulation No. 63 of 2019 concerning Government Investment. This research aims to analyze the compatibility, substantial differences, and legal implications of the two regulations in the context of establishing an integrated and equitable investment legal system. This study applies a normative juridical approach with a descriptive analysis method. Data were collected using a literature study technique through a review of legislation, legal literature, and related policy documents. Furthermore, the data was analyzed using qualitative data analysis techniques with an emphasis on systematic interpretation and the principle of harmonization of laws and regulations. The results of this study indicate that there is still a lack of synchronization between the regulation of securities investment in the capital market and the mechanism of direct investment by the government, particularly in terms of authority, risk management, and legal accountability. The findings of this study imply the need for improvements to derivative regulations and implementation guidelines that are capable of integrating capital market legal principles with government investment policies in order to create legal certainty and effective management of national investments. Keywords: Legal Harmonization, Securities Investment, and Government Investment

This study aims to examine and analyze the implementation of digital-based public services through the Digikel website in Biawao Village and Limba U1 Village,Gorontalo City. The main focus of this study includes three aspects:(1) support, (2)capacity, and (3) value. This study employs a qualitative approach with a descriptiveresearch design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The study's findings indicate that the implementation of the Digikel website hasbeen effective across the three aspects. (1) Support: The implementation of Digikelis supported by leadership commitment, active employee involvement, and policysupport from the city government through clear regulations. However, there are stillchallenges in the community's socialization process, which has not been optimal.(2) Capacity: Human resources in Biawao Village and Limba U1 Village are considered to have adequate competence through technical guidance. Nevertheless,there are still infrastructure-related obstacles, including unstable internetconnectivity and limited computer equipment. The absence of a dedicated budgetat the village level has also been a constraint in system development. (3) Value: The implementation of Digikel has had a positive impact, particularly in improving efficiency in terms of time, cost, and labor, as well as in accelerating, simplifying, and enhancing the transparency of public services. However use of this system has not yet been fully optimized due to low levers of diritalitgacy among somemembers of the community.

Corporate Social and Environmental Responsibility (CSER) plays a strategic role in supporting sustainable development through improving community welfare and environmental protection. However, the implementation of CSER in regional areas still faces several challenges, including the lack of optimal local regulations, weak coordination among stakeholders, and limited understanding among the public and business actors regarding CSER implementation. This community service activity aims to provide socialization regarding the preparation of the Academic Draft for the Regional Regulation Initiative of the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) of North Sumatra Province in 2025 concerning CSER. The activity was carried out through lectures, interactive discussions, and academic assistance involving local government representatives, academics, business sectors, and the community. The results of the activity indicated an increased understanding among participants regarding the importance of establishing the CSER Regional Regulation Draft, the mechanism for preparing academic manuscripts, and the need for collaboration between the government, companies, and the community in supporting participatory and sustainable regional regulations.

The Indonesian government in supporting Intellectual Property actors has issued Government Regulation Number 24 of 2022 concerning the Implementation of Law Number 24 of 2019 concerning the Creative Economy As a maximum effort in implementing Government Regulation No. 24 of 2022 concerning the creative economy in helping to strengthen national and international economic development, but the regulation only regulates generally regarding Intellectual property, furthermore it is deemed necessary to have more specific regulations specifically regarding asset quality ratings as collateral which is expected to be not only for financing institutions but can help Intellectual Property assessment institutions, considering that Intellectual Property is an intangible object that makes banks as creditors hesitate to accept Intellectual Property as collateral in financing. The basic reason Intellectual Property Rights can be used as fiduciary collateral because it is included in the law of immaterial objects where one of the characteristics of objects that can be used as debt collateral is objects that have economic value, copyright is also attached to exclusive rights, namely the attachment of these rights to the creator or holder of the copyright he created.  

Bali cattle have significant potential advantages and are sought after by breeders and farmers due to their adaptability to the environment and high productivity. The management of Bali cattle in Mawasangka District, through a local government program, is expected to foster awareness of efficient and optimal livestock farming. This study aims to analyze the input and output of the Bali cattle assistance program from the village government in Mawasangka District, Central Buton Regency. The method used in this study uses observation, interview, documentation and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The number of respondents used was 40 people. The research respondents were taken from two villages, namely Matara and Wasilomata villages. The results of this study indicate that the impact of village regulations on the management of Bali cattle assistance in Mawasangka District, Central Buton Regency : (1) The input process of the Bali cattle assistance program has been in accordance with the previously determined plan, namely 40 Bali cattle breeders and males. (2) Output (results) there was an increase in the number of livestock owned, an increase in the maintenance system and the number of pens owned increased.

ABSTRACT There must be a fair and balanced application of the legal rights and responsibilities that arise from the employment relationship between employers and employees. Employers' continued activities of withholding diplomas from workers, even after the employment relationship has ended, may have negative consequences for workers and limit their ability to find new career possibilities. The purpose of this research is to examine the employment agreement's provisions on the parties' respective roles and responsibilities in the workplace, and to determine whether or not employees have any recourse if their employers choose to retain their diplomas even after the job relationship has ended. Normative legal research using conceptual, factual, and regulatory approaches is the study technique used. Holding workers' diplomas is illegal, violates their human rights, and goes against labor laws and regulations, according to the report. Legislation protects employees both preemptively, via government oversight and normative regulation, and punitively, via processes for resolving disputes in industrial relations and the imposition of administrative, civil, and criminal penalties. Companies cannot legitimately withhold diplomas; thus, this practice must end in order to provide legal clarity and respect for workers' dignity. Keywords : Legal Protection, Workers, Diploma.

ABSTRACT Hospitals can be established by the Central Government, Regional Government, or the Community. Hospital management organized by the Government can apply the financial management pattern of BLU or BLUD. Hospital independence can be achieved through healthy business processes. The dual role of hospitals as public services and business entities. The commercial health sector is increasingly closely linked to the global health industry. Collaboration between BLU hospitals and private business entities is often manifested in KSO contracts. KSO contracts must contain legal principles (rechtbeginselen) which serve as basic norms and guidelines in the formation or creation of legal regulations. The principle of personality in KSO contracts is important to ensure the parties' performance is balanced. This study uses a normative or doctrinal legal research methodology by examining primary legal sources in the form of KSO contracts between BLU hospitals and private business entities, the Civil Code, and other material laws. A study was also conducted on secondary legal sources in the form of legal materials consisting of books or legal journals regarding legal principles, the views of legal doctrines, and the results of legal research. Keywords : Principle of Personality, Public Service Agency, Operational Cooperation Contract.

This study examines in depth the responsibility of the Pangkalpinang City Government in maintaining environmental cleanliness. Such responsibility is not merely an administrative obligation but a constitutional mandate as stated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Every citizen, including the people of Pangkalpinang, has the right to live in a clean and healthy environment, while the local government is obliged to ensure the fulfillment of this right. This research analyzes the extent to which the local government has carried out its responsibilities through preventive measures (such as formulating regulations and supervising permits) and enforcement actions (including imposing sanctions and restoring the environment). The findings reveal several obstacles, such as limited budget, weak inter-agency coordination, and low public awareness regarding environmental cleanliness. Therefore, although the legal framework is well established, strong commitment, synergy, and continuous efforts from all stakeholders are required to realize a clean and sustainable Pangkalpinang City.

Presidential Regulation Number 10 of 2021 on Investment Business Fields introduces a fundamental transformation in Indonesia’s investment regulatory regime by replacing the previous negative list approach with a positive list system. This regulatory shift significantly affects the structure of investment liberalization, particularly in the industrial sector, which serves as the backbone of the national economy. This study aims to analyze the regulatory changes introduced by Presidential Regulation 10/2021 and examine their juridical and practical implications for the investment climate and industrial business actors. Using a normative juridical method through the analysis of legislation, policy documents, and academic literature, this research finds that the regulation enhances investment openness, expands foreign ownership, simplifies risk-based licensing, and strengthens legal certainty through the classification of priority business fields, mandatory partnerships with cooperatives/MSMEs, and conditioned business categories. However, its implementation still faces challenges, including the harmonization of sectoral regulations, regulatory–political dynamics, and the government’s supervisory capacity. Overall, Presidential Regulation 10/2021 has the potential to strengthen the attractiveness of the industrial sector and its integration into global value chains, yet its effectiveness strongly depends on consistent implementation and cross-sector policy alignment.   Keywords: Presidential Regulation 10/2021, investment regulation, investment liberalization, industrial sector, investment policy.  

ABSTRACT Family dynamics such as prolonged conflicts, the existence of domestic violence, divorce, and the absence of one parent figure in the family, have become international issues. Children are often victims of parental problems. Parents often vent their emotions to their children in the form of verbal and non-verbal violence. There are still many parents who think that educating children with violence is a way to discipline children. In this study, the approach method applied is a normative juridical approach by examining data obtained from books, journals, the internet, laws and regulations, or scientific papers related to this writing. Based on the results of the study, we know that by 2025, Indonesia will have recorded 2,416 cases of violence committed by parents, based on data that occurred during the official SIMFONI-PPA period.  Children have the right to be able to live a prosperous life and be guaranteed their growth and development in the future. But in practice, parents are still very irresponsible for it. In overcoming these problems, the Indonesian government and the international community have made efforts with regulations and institutions related to the protection of children's rights. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study emphasizes the importance of improving the protection of children's rights in family dynamics based on the framework of Indonesian and International Law.   Keywords: family dynamics, protection of children's rights, challenges and obstacles.

Food security is a complex issue closely related to various aspects such as agriculture, nutrition, health, and the environment. In the context of global development, food security is an integral part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 2: Zero Hunger. This study aims to analyze the implementation of food security policies in supporting the achievement of the SDGs and to identify the factors that hinder the successful implementation of these policies. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method, examining various secondary data sources including books, journal articles, laws and regulations, official government reports, mass media, and relevant online publications. The results show that the Indonesian government has undertaken various efforts to achieve food security through strengthening regulations, starting from Law Number 18 of 2012, Government Regulation Number 17 of 2015, and Presidential Regulation Number 125 of 2022. These efforts are supported by increased budget allocation, local wisdom-based food diversification programs, food estate programs, and strengthening national food reserves through cross-sectoral coordination. However, the implementation of these policies still faces four structural constraints, namely high population growth, the conversion of agricultural land, the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity, and low interest among the younger generation, which threatens farmer regeneration. The implications of this study indicate that the successful implementation of food security policies in supporting the achievement of the SDGs requires comprehensive, sustainable strategies and effective cross-sector collaboration.

Public services are a state obligation to meet the basic needs of the community and have a strong legal basis through various laws and regulations in Indonesia. However, in practice, the implementation of public services still faces various problems such as slow service processes, unclear procedures, lack of transparency in costs and service times, and maladministration. This study aims to analyze the gap between the normative concept of public services and their implementation in practice and to identify factors that influence the low quality of public services. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library research through analysis of various literature, laws and regulations, and data from public service supervisory agencies. The results show that the main problems in public services in Indonesia are related to the weak implementation of service standards, low transparency and accountability, and suboptimal professionalism of the apparatus. In addition, maladministration practices such as prolonged delays and procedural deviations are still common. Digital transformation through the implementation of e-government is one effort to improve service quality, although its implementation still faces obstacles in human resources, infrastructure, and bureaucratic culture. Therefore, strengthening public service governance, increasing transparency, and optimizing oversight are necessary to ensure public services are more effective, accountable, and oriented toward the public interest.

Public service performance serves as a crucial measure of how effectively government agencies provide services to the public. Rising expectations from the public compel governments to ensure that services are delivered in an efficient, open, responsible, and responsive manner. Within the realm of public administration reform, the standard of public services has emerged as a key issue for governments looking to enhance public confidence and governance. The Indonesian government has created the Public Service Index (Indeks Pelayanan Publik/IPP) as a tool to assess the performance of public services. The IPP functions as an all-encompassing measurement system to evaluate the quality, efficiency, and responsibility associated with public service provision across government entities. This research intends to explore the definition of public service performance, the legal framework that regulates public services in Indonesia, and the metrics employed for calculating the Public Service Index. The study uses a qualitative descriptive method and a literature review approach, evaluating various pertinent books, regulations, and scholarly articles concentrating on public service management and performance evaluation. The results indicate that the Public Service Index plays a vital role in assessing service quality, institutional effectiveness, and the degree of public satisfaction. Additionally, the application of the IPP measurements fosters transparency, bolsters accountability, and encourages ongoing enhancements in public service delivery. Therefore, enhancing public service performance necessitates robust regulatory backing, institutional dedication, and the utilization of clear and quantifiable performance metrics to guarantee enduring improvements in service quality.

This study aims to analyze the governance of health service policies in improving the quality of public services in Semarang City. Health services are one of the essential sectors in public service delivery that require policies which are effective, transparent, and responsive to community needs. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method to understand the processes of policy formulation, implementation, and coordination among actors in the governance of health service policies. Data were collected through literature review, policy documentation, and analysis of health service delivery practices at the local government level. The results indicate that the governance of health service policies in Semarang City has undergone several improvement efforts through the strengthening of regulations, enhanced inter-agency coordination, and the utilization of health service innovations. However, several challenges remain, such as limited resources, inequality in service access, and the need to improve the quality of human resources in the health sector. Therefore, strengthening policy governance that is more collaborative, accountable, and community-oriented is necessary to sustainably improve the quality of health services. This study is expected to contribute to the development of public policy, particularly in the field of regional health service delivery.

This study aims to analyze the application of good governance principles in the management of ECE grants by regional governments, focusing on aspects of transparency, accountability, public participation, and legal certainty. The study employs a qualitative approach using Qualitative Secondary Analysis (QSA), analyzing various secondary data sources such as policy documents, government reports, previous research findings, and relevant academic literature on education grant management. Data analysis was conducted systematically through data reduction, categorization, interpretation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of transparency in ECE grant management is reflected in the openness of information regarding grant application procedures, recipient selection mechanisms, and fund usage reporting. Accountability is realized through administrative and financial accountability mechanisms that must be fulfilled by both regional governments and ECE institutions receiving the grants. Public participation is evident from the involvement of communities, ECE institution managers, and parents in the planning, implementation, and supervision of the grant program. Meanwhile, legal certainty in grant management is demonstrated by the existence of regulations that clearly govern grant provision mechanisms, fund disbursement procedures, and obligations for reporting and accountability in fund utilization. The study concludes that the application of good governance principles in the management of ECE grants by regional governments plays a crucial role in enhancing transparency, accountability, and effectiveness in educational fund management. Furthermore, community involvement and regulatory certainty serve as key supporting factors in achieving better governance of education grants.

The effectiveness of public sector organizations in delivering quality services and achieving their mandates depends critically on how they manage their human resources. This study examines the relationship between strategic human resource management (SHRM) practices and organizational performance in Indonesian public sector organizations. Employing a mixed-methods research design, data were collected from 312 public sector managers and HR professionals across 45 government agencies through surveys and 32 in-depth interviews. The research investigates five key SHRM dimensions: strategic recruitment and selection, performance management systems, employee development and training, compensation and rewards, and employee engagement. Findings reveal significant positive relationships between SHRM practices and multiple performance indicators including service quality, operational efficiency, employee productivity, and organizational innovation. Regression analysis demonstrates that SHRM practices collectively explain 47.3% of variance in organizational performance scores. Qualitative data illuminate implementation challenges including limited HR professional capacity, rigid civil service regulations, political interference, and resistance to performance-based management. The study identifies critical success factors such as top management commitment, alignment between HR strategy and organizational strategy, investment in HR analytics capabilities, and cultural transformation toward merit-based practices. Results indicate that high-performing public organizations distinguish themselves through systematic talent management, data-driven HR decision-making, continuous learning cultures, and stronger linkages between individual performance and organizational outcomes. This research contributes empirical evidence on SHRM effectiveness in public sector contexts and provides actionable recommendations for HR practitioners and policymakers seeking to leverage human capital for improved public service delivery.

Bureaucracies worldwide face increasing pressure to innovate due to rising citizen expectations, technological disruption, and fiscal constraints. The digital era offers significant opportunities to transform public service delivery by overcoming traditional administrative barriers. This study employs a multiple case study design, analyzing 18 innovative public service initiatives in Indonesia recognized for service innovation. Data were collected through document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and direct observations. Using Innovation Diffusion Theory and Institutional Theory, the study examines innovation adoption, implementation, and sustainability. The findings show that successful bureaucratic innovations share six key characteristics: strong leadership, citizen-centric design, effective use of digital technologies, incremental implementation, institutionalization through regulations, and external partnerships. However, major barriers include rigid regulations, risk-averse organizational culture, fragmented authority, limited resources, inadequate digital infrastructure, and political influences. Digital technology plays a crucial enabling role, yet it must be supported by organizational change, capacity building, and cultural transformation. This study provides policy recommendations to support regulatory reform, strengthen innovation systems, and foster innovation-friendly public sector environments.

Copyright is an exclusive right granted to creators to protect their intellectual works. The importance of copyright protection has increased with advances in digital technology and the widespread use of social media as a means of content distribution. Digital platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, and various other streaming services facilitate the distribution of digital works, but also give rise to problems such as piracy and the use of works without the permission of the copyright owner. This digital piracy can result in economic and moral losses for creators. This study aims to analyze the application of copyright in the context of social media and examine the legal regulations governing copyright protection to address digital piracy in Indonesia. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that legal protection for digital works is regulated by Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and is strengthened by Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. These two regulations provide a legal basis for protecting the moral and economic rights of creators and authorize the government to block access to content that infringes copyright. These regulations are expected to reduce digital piracy and create a digital ecosystem that respects intellectual property rights.

This study examines the legality of on-street parking levy practices in Kupang City from a constitutional law perspective, with a primary focus on the application of the legality principle. The background of this research stems from a significant discrepancy between the legal norms established in statutory regulations and the empirical administrative practices occurring in the field. Identified issues include the collection of levies without official tickets, the lack of clarity regarding the identity and legal status of collection officers, and the inconsistent and non-transparent application of parking tariffs. This research employs a normative-empirical legal method by applying statutory, conceptual, and empirical approaches through limited field observations. The findings indicate that although the Kupang City Government formally possesses the attribution of authority to collect parking levies, the implementation frequently deviates from the established legal procedures. Such deviant practices potentially constitute ultra vires actions and violate the principle of due process of law in government administration. This study concludes that the substantive legality of parking levies in Kupang City has not been fully realized, thereby undermining legal certainty and public trust in the legitimacy of local governance. The implications of this research emphasize the imperative for comprehensive reform of the supervision system and stricter enforcement of administrative procedures to ensure the rule of law at the local level.