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This study examines the transfer of custody (hadhanah) rights of a non-mumayyiz child to the father, as decided in Judicial Decision No. 1882/Pdt.G/2019/PA.Mdn by the Medan Religious Court. According to Article 105 letter (a) of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), the custody of a child under the age of 12 (non-mumayyiz) is generally granted to the mother. However, in this case, the court ruled otherwise. The focus of this research is to analyze the legal reasoning and judicial considerations behind this deviation from normative provisions. This is a normative legalresearch employing a juridical and conceptual approach. Primary data include statutory provisions and the official court ruling, while secondary data are derived from classical Islamic jurisprudence, modern legal commentaries, and related literature. The analysis uses descriptive-analytical methods to examine the legal basis, fiqh arguments, and the principle of maslahah al-mahdhun (best interests of the child). The findings indicate that the court transferred custody to the father on the grounds that the mother had remarried and was experiencing psychological instability, which could endanger the child’s well-being. The decision was based on Article 156 letter (c) of the KHI, which allows custody to be transferred if the mother fails to guarantee the child’s physical and mental safety. The judge also considered the father's financial capability, emotional stability, and supportive environment as decisive factors in ensuring the child's best interests. This research concludes that child custody in Islamic law is flexible and adaptive, prioritizing the child’s welfare over formal legal entitlements. It also highlights the role of religious court jurisprudence in aligning Islamic legal norms with contemporary social realities.

The purpose of this research is to analyse the legal status of children born from marriages of different nationalities in the perspective of Indonesian Civil Law and Islamic Law. This research is important because children born from mixed marriages are entitled to protection of their legal status in order to maintain the continuity of life, legal position and civil interests. The research method used is normative juridical legal research with qualitative data types in the form of secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials relevant to the topic of this research and data collection techniques using library research or literature studies with legal material analysis techniques using descriptive analysis methods. The results of this study state that the law of marriage between different nationalities in the perspective of Indonesian civil law and Islamic law raises problems with the law of marriage itself as well as the legal status, civil rights and citizenship rights of children. In the perspective of Indonesian civil law and Islamic law, the law of marriage of different nationalities is a valid marriage and the legal status of the child is a legitimate child, the civil rights of children from marriages of different nationalities are the same as children in general and the legal status of the child's citizenship as an Indonesian citizen follows the citizenship of the father or mother who is an Indonesian citizen and can also have dual citizenship until he is 18 years old or married, after which the child must declare choosing one of his citizenship.

This article explores the exemplary life of Moses in the Old Testament as an inspiration for Generation Z in nurturing and sustaining their faith amidst the challenges of the digital era. As a spiritual leader and bearer of God's law, Moses exemplified obedience, courage, and faith-based leadership—values that remain relevant for today’s youth. Through significant events in his life such as the burning bush encounter, the Exodus, and the wilderness journey, Moses emphasized the importance of trusting God and living according to His commandments. The article also highlights the role of the family, particularly fathers, in providing spiritual education, as well as the necessity for continuous and contextually relevant faith education. By emulating Moses, Generation Z is encouraged to develop strong faith, maintain hope in God, and face societal pressures and life uncertainties with resilience and spiritual conviction.

The role of fathers in children's lives cannot actually be underestimated. Unfortunately, there are still many children in Indonesia who grow up without the presence or maximum role of a father. This phenomenon is known as fatherlessness. Either because the father is not there (due to divorce or death), or because the father is there but does not carry out his role well. In fact, according to Islamic teachings and legal regulations in Indonesia, fathers have a big responsibility to provide for their children, both materially, with love and attention. Through this study, it is discussed how Islam provides strong warnings for negligent fathers, even calling it a major sin. The Prophet's hadith also emphasizes a lot about a father's responsibility towards his family. Not only that, Indonesian law also has clear regulations regarding sanctions for fathers who abandon their children, including criminal threats. In essence, fathers are not only breadwinners, but also important figures in children's growth and development. If this role is ignored, the impact could be big for the child, family, and even the future of the father himself. The state and society must care more about this, so that Indonesian children can grow up healthy, complete and happy.

This article was written with the aim of analyzing the idiosyncratic Donald Trump who issued the policy of building the Trump Wall on the border between the United States and Mexico with the aim of addressing the increase in illegal immigrants and improving border security. On the U.S.-Mexico border, crime is at a very complex level because it is difficult to detect by the security forces of the two countries, especially the problem of illegal immigrants, even the level of difficulty increases as a result of some border guards choosing to help these crimes occur. Therefore, this article uses a qualitative descriptive method by conducting library research for the purpose of collecting the data needed to understand the influence of Donald Trump's leadership on the Trump Wall policy applied to the United States border with Mexico. Trump's personal background, including his father's assertive influence and his military academy education that Trump had felt, shaped the character of his harsh and aggressive approach to border security. Politically, Trump has tapped into a populist-conservative philosophy aligned with anti-immigrant groups in the Republican Party, using rhetoric that often attacks immigrant groups, which has significantly increased in percentage from previous presidents.

This study aims to examine the concept of the Son of God in the Gospel of John 17:1–26 from a theological perspective. The Gospel of John, one of the canonical Gospels, distinctively emphasizes the divine identity of Jesus as the Son of God. In chapter 17, Jesus prays to His Father in heaven, affirming His unique relationship as the Son of God. The research method employed is biblical text analysis using an exegetical approach. Data were collected from prominent theological sources and relevant academic literature. The findings indicate that the concept of the Son of God in John 17:1–26 encompasses several important theological dimensions, including: first, His equality with God the Father in divinity; second, the uniqueness of His relationship with the Father as the beloved Son; and third, His role in God's plan of salvation for humanity. The conclusion of this study is that the concept of the Son of God in John 17:1–26 affirms the divine identity of Jesus and reveals His intimate relationship with God the Father. This concept has significant theological implications for the Christian understanding of the divinity of Jesus Christ.

Church congregations generally include ,men, women, youth, teenagers and children. It should be that when worship is held, all elements of the church gather and worship together. However, in reality there is an imbalance in the number of congregations present at church from the number of congregation members who attend each week. At GMI Pulau Sibandang, this occurs in the number of Men who attend worship every week. This study was written to analyze the role of GMI Pulau Sibandang servants in increasing the presence of fathers in worshiping at church. The research method used literature review, informal interviews and also observations at GMI Pulau Sibandang. The results showed that there were several factors causing fathers to not attend church services. This encouraged GMI Pulau Sibandang servants to pay attention to these factors and implement strategies to overcome this.

Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis is an emotional drama that will air starting October 17, 2024. Directed by Reka Wijaya Kusuma. The film "Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis" is a drama that tells the life of a woman named Tari, played by Prilly Latuconsina, who has trauma from her father who often commits domestic violence. This study aims to describe the impact of domestic violence on the mental development of a child in the film Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The data source for this study is the film Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis. The data in this study are words and sentences related to domestic violence and mental health contained in the film Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis. Data collection was carried out by listening to and recording words/sentences related to domestic violence and mental health in the film Bolehkah Sekali Saja Kumenangis. Based on the results of the data analysis, the conclusion is that a child who has experienced domestic violence will experience several impacts such as physical injury, trauma, and impaired mental health.  

The absence of a father figure (fatherlessness) can have significant impacts on an individual's psychological and social well-being, particularly among university students who are navigating the critical phase of identity formation. This study aims to explore the meaning of father loss in students by comparing experiences of losing a father due to divorce and death. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, six participants who had experienced fatherlessness were interviewed in depth. The results show that the loss of a father due to death is generally perceived as a permanent and irreplaceable loss, evoking deep sadness. In contrast, father loss due to divorce is often associated with emotional conflict, feelings of abandonment, and unresolved grief (ambiguous loss). The psychological impacts include emotional disturbances, social difficulties, and low self-confidence. Students employed various coping strategies such as seeking social support and engaging in academic or productive activities. In conclusion, the study highlights that the meaning of father loss varies depending on its cause, but both types have significant negative effects on students' psychological well-being. Therefore, strong emotional and social support is essential to help fatherless students adapt and build resilience in facing such loss.

This study aims to explore the impact of father involvement in adolescent parenting and how this role affects children's emotional, social, and academic development. Adolescence is a critical period marked by significant changes in physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects. Active father involvement in children's lives has been shown to contribute positively to adolescent achievement motivation and emotional well-being. Through a qualitative approach and literature analysis, this study identified various forms of support provided by fathers, including affectionate support, parenting, and involvement in daily activities. The results showed that the higher the level of father involvement, the better the development of adolescents in facing life challenges. These findings emphasize the importance of the role of fathers in shaping children's character and life values, and provide recommendations to increase awareness of the importance of father involvement in parenting.  

Parental divorce causes the child to lose the love and affection of his parents and hinders them in their psychological development. This study describes and analyzes the psychological struggles experienced by three children who lost their father's role after divorce. All three experience similar inner conflicts: feelings of loss, neglect, and emotional division, as well as confusion in choosing to live with their father or mother. This study uses a qualitative case study approach and uses participatory observation and in-depth interviews for data collection. The results showed that children experienced conflicts about loyalty, emotional stress, and difficulty in reshaping their self-identity in a changing family environment. Children's mental and social instability is exacerbated by the loss of the father figure both physically and emotionally. The study emphasizes how important it is for parents to remain actively involved with their child even after they have divorced to maintain their emotional stability and provide ongoing psychological support. These findings are expected to be a reference for education practitioners, counselors, and parents in dealing with the psychological impact of divorce on children.

This paper examines the life struggles of Javed Khan, a second-generation Pakistani immigrant in the United Kingdom in Blinded by Light film. Culturally, as a Pakistani-British, Javed lives in two worlds, i.e., the old world belonging to his parents and his current world, the world he is living in, i.e., the British society and culture. To analyze this topic, the textual content analysis is employed. As for the theoretical framework, Hall’s concept of identity and some works of literature on discrimination are of importance. The result of the analysis shows that Javed’s journey reveals the challenges and pressures of adaptation and acculturation faced by second-generation immigrants in general, illustrating how the tension between intergenerational expectations often creates tension and fosters growth and understanding in a multicultural context. Javed is torn between the values of the home country his father holds and the values of the new country. In addition, the discrimination experienced by Malik Khan’s family reflects the experience of immigrant families in a broader context. The film encourages viewers to reflect on the societal expectations of immigrants to conform to the host society and culture, while also showcasing the importance of individual aspirations and self-expression.  

Kupang City is the capital of East Nusa Tenggara province which is inseparable from the case of rape of a father against a biological child. There are several cases including a minor being a victim of sexual violence. Tragically, a student of a junior high school in Kupang became a victim of rape committed by her biological father. The case of adultery committed by the father to his biological child was handled by the PPA Unit of the Kupang City Police Satreskrim in 2019. The results of this study show that (1) the causative factor for children as victims of rape by biological fathers in Kupang City is the influence of lack of religious understanding in the family environment that causes the perpetrator to commit crimes. The actions carried out by the perpetrator were carried out repeatedly without thinking about the mental and physical influence of the victim. For this reason, it is hoped that religious understanding can be applied in the family environment so that it becomes a moral benchmark for one's life as well as the cases researched by the author. (2)) The impact on children as victims of rape by biological fathers in Kupang City is the physical and social impact experienced by the victim after the incident that befell the victim. (3) Legal Protection Efforts for Children as Victims of Rape by Biological Fathers in Kupang City In particular, Indonesia has its own law regarding the protection of children, namely Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning Child Protection. In Articles 81 and 82 of the Law on Child Protection, it is stipulated that the perpetrator of sexual abuse of children is sentenced to a maximum of 15 years in prison.

The aim of study is to know the knowledge and attitude of Kirkuk university students towards premarital screening program. A cross sectional study was conducted on University students in Kirkuk, from April 2024 to March 2025. The number of females was higher than males. The questionnaire were focusing student demographic characteristics of gender, age, residency, occupation of father, family income, parent knowledge and attitude of the university students in Kirkuk towards premarital screening. A questionnaire form was used for data collection. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the data. A total of 814 university students out of 2000 completed the questionnaire form; the majority of students were 17-26 years old with mean age 22 years. In term of knowledge of students, 570(70%) had knowledge on premarital screening and 244(30%) had no knowledge about premarital screening. Statistically there were significant association between positive knowledge of students and residency, genetic diseases, family history (P<0.05) m but no significant association with age, father occupation, family income and consanguinity.

The challenge regarding the quality of the workforce in Indonesia is still a major problem because the majority of the workforce are only elementary school graduates. The quality of human resources in Bali is still low compared to foreign workers working in Bali. Tanah Lot will be the most visited place by domestic tourists in 2024. Tanah Lot, which is located in Beraban Village, Kediri, Tabanan, makes Beraban Village the village most involved in tourism management including the provision of tourism support facilities. This condition requires Beraban Village to have a qualified and highly competitive workforce. This study aims to analyze the effect of parental income, father's education, mother's education, parental dependents, job opportunities, and scholarships simultaneously and partially, and to determine the variables that have the most dominant influence on the level of education of the workforce in Beraban Village. The sample used was 120 people with a simple random sampling method. The analysis techniques used were descriptive analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and multiple linear analysis. The results of this study indicate that parental income, father's education, mother's education, parental dependents, job opportunities, and scholarships simultaneously affect the level of education of the workforce. Father's education, mother's education, and job opportunities partially have a positive and significant effect on the level of education of the workforce. While the variables of parental income, parental dependents, and scholarships partially do not have a significant effect on the level of education of the workforce. Mother's education has the most dominant influence on the level of education of the workforce. Parents who have higher education can provide a better understanding of education and can encourage them to continue their education to a higher level.    

This research was conducted to describe the impact of fatherlessness on children's socio-emotional conditions. This topic was chosen because the presence of a father in a child's life has a very important role in shaping the child's socio-emotional aspects. However, the phenomenon of fatherlessness is increasing in society, whether due to divorce, problems in marriage, father's death, or fathers working outside the city. This research uses a systematic literature review to analyze data obtained from various sources. Based on the data findings, it can be seen that children who experience fatherlessness tend to have low self-confidence, have difficulty adapting to the social environment, and experience socio-emotional problems such as loneliness and loss. These impacts can be seen from various phases of development starting from early childhood, adolescence, even to early adulthood.

This study aims to explain the moral values taught to the Church of Christ by the Apostolic Fathers. Through a literature review, it was found that the main principles of the teachings and way of life of the Apostolic Fathers were centered on Christ. They held firmly to apostolic dogma and accepted the authority of the Bible as the foundation of church teaching. The moral values they passed down became a model that shaped the foundation of the universal church throughout history. Figures such as Polycarp, Ignatius, Hermas, Clement, and Papias were devout church leaders who received direct guidance and the laying on of hands from the apostles of Jesus. Their steadfastness of faith often led to martyrdom, which is seen as a true confession of faith in the likeness of Christ. The spiritual heritage of the Apostolic Fathers remains relevant and can be interpreted within various cultural contexts, including the practice of church life in Indonesia. Through their exemplary lives and teachings, the Apostolic Fathers emphasized the importance of Christ-centered faith and obedience to the Scriptures. Thus, the moral values they taught continue to serve as guidelines for the church throughout all generations.

Nasab is a fundamental concept in Islam that determines a child's relationship with the father, which then affects guardianship rights, inheritance, and family relationships. The preservation of lineage is one of the main objectives of Maqāṣid sharia because it has significant legal, social, and moral implications. Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 recognizes the civil relationship between an extramarital child and his biological father if it can be proven by technology or other valid evidence. This decision is in accordance with the concept of nasab in Islam but is not recorded by the state. This study examines the concept of nasab and civil status of out-of-wedlock children in Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 from the Maṣlaḥah perspective. Using a juridical-normative approach and descriptive analysis, this research is based on sources, including court decisions and legislation, as well as secondary literature discussing Maṣlaḥah. The results show that the decision is in line with the concept of Maṣlaḥah in Islam. The suitability of the Constitutional Court's decision with the concept of maslahah is based on the status of the applicant's marriage as religiously valid. Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 is not appropriate when used as jurisprudence for children born outside a legal marriage or can be called adulterous children.

The coverage of complete basic immunization in Indonesia in 2020 during the Covid-19 pandemic had not yet reached the expected target. The province with the lowest coverage was Aceh, with only 41.8%, indicating a significant gap from the national target. This study aims to determine the relationship between parental roles and the coverage of complete basic immunization for infants during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Banda Sakti area. This research used a cross-sectional design with a cluster sampling technique. The univariate analysis showed that most of the children were male, totaling 48 (51.6%). The age of the fathers was mostly between 26–35 years (52 respondents or 55.9%), and the mothers’ age was also mostly between 26–35 years (63 respondents or 67.7%). The majority of both fathers and mothers had a senior high school education, with 49 (52.7%) and 39 (41.9%) respectively. Most of the basic immunization coverage in the Banda Sakti area was incomplete, amounting to 74 infants (79.6%), and the parental role was categorized as poor. The bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test and its alternatives showed a p value < 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between the roles of fathers, mothers, and parents in general, and the coverage of complete basic immunization. The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant relationship between parental roles and the coverage of complete basic immunization for infants during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Banda Sakti area.

Socialization of the Law is not only the government's obligation, but the obligation of all of us. Socialization of the Law serves to introduce the public to the applicable Law, because often the public does not know that their actions are against the law and beyond the limits of their authority. The socialization of the Law this time was carried out in the Class I Detention Center in Surabaya, namely the Medaeng Waru Sidoarjo Detention Center. The form of this activity is to provide legal counseling and introduce the PKDRT Law and the Child Protection Law to the inmates of the Class I Surabaya Detention Center, all of whom are men. Because the perpetrators of violence against women and children have been dominated by men, this activity is considered a targeted activity, considering that so far the socialization of the PKDRT and Child Protection Law has been carried out more often against women, so that they are aware of the law and do not become victims of violence. Meanwhile, this activity is expected to be able to be a preventive and repressive action so that not many men become perpetrators of violence. So that this activity becomes a balancing act so that the socialization of the PKDRT Law and the Child Protection Law is not only aimed at women as parties who are vulnerable to experiencing (becoming victims) of violence, but also to men who are also vulnerable to becoming perpetrators of violence. After this activity, it is hoped that the participants of this legal socialization (counseling) will become closer to the PKDRT Law and the Child Protection Law so that they can later become good husbands, good fathers, and good men who can protect their wives' children from violence.