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Independent plantations are a favorite in the Jambi Regional economy, as they are a source of economic growth, employment, exports, and foreign exchange for the region. Despite their relatively low productivity, oil palm plantations in Jambi Province have a major competitive advantage compared to other commodities. This study aims to describe, analyze competitiveness, analyze policy impacts, and conduct sensitivity tests on independent oil palm plantations. The research location was in Merlung District, selecting three sample villages: Tanjung Paku Village, Merlung Village, and Lubuk Terap Village purposively, with a total sample of 43 farmers. The data analysis method used the (PAM) method. The results of the analysis show that independent farmers still have relatively low productivity. The DRCR value is 0.379 (<1) and the PCR value is 0.368 (<1) which indicates savings in the use of domestic resources by 37.9% and 36.8%. These results indicate a comparative and competitive advantage. The divergence impact shows a negative impact, meaning that government policies are not distorted properly, as indicated by an NPCI value of 1.18 (> 1) and an NPCO value of 0.87 (< 1). Sensitivity tests show that independent oil palm plantations still have competitiveness (< 1), despite experiencing policy distortions such as input price increases (11% and 25%) and a decrease in FFB prices (45%).  

Small-scale beef cattle farming systems play an important role in rural livelihoods in developing countries. However, comprehensive analysis that integrates the socioeconomic characteristics of farmers with resource utilization patterns is still limited. This study aims to evaluate the socio-economic characteristics of farmers and resource utilization patterns in the beef cattle business in Dolokgede Village, Tambakrejo District, Bojonegoro Regency. Based on the results of the evaluation, it can determine and identify the potential for the development of livestock businesses and in this region. Quantitative descriptive research was carried out using a direct survey method on farmers through questionnaires and environmental analysis. The sample was determined by the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%, resulting in 29 respondents who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Farmers are dominated by the productive age of 31-60 years (72.41%) with the majority of elementary education (75.86%). The selection of 2-5 cattle dominates (65.52%) with the Peranakan Ongole type. The use of feed is integrated with the agricultural system through rice straw (96.55%) and corn waste (93.10%). Feed costs account for more than 60% of the total cost of production, but the R/C ratio shows a value above 1, indicating the economic viability of the business. The beef cattle business in Dolokgede Village has the potential for development through stronger plant-livestock integration, improved feed technology, and institutional support for market access and financing.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of public service policy implementation at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Freshwater Fish Cultivation Center (UPTD BBIAT) in Pekalongan Regency, focusing on the influence of service quality on fish farmers' satisfaction mediated by trust. The research employs a mixed-methods approach with a concurrent embedded design, combining a survey of 40 fish farmers and in-depth interviews with 5 key informants from the UPTD and Agency levels, along with observation and document analysis. The theoretical framework is built on New Public Service Theory, Policy Implementation Theory, and the SERVQUAL, trust, and public satisfaction concepts. The research findings indicate that all three variables are in the high category with robust and significant positive correlations: service quality with trust, service quality with satisfaction, and trust with satisfaction. Trust has been shown to play a strong mediating role in the relationship between service quality and fish farmers' satisfaction. The assurance and empathy dimensions are the strengths of UPTD BBIAT, while tangibles and reliability require improvement through infrastructure modernization and enhanced consistency in seed availability. Theoretically, this research confirms the applicability of the SERVQUAL model and trust theory in the context of public services in the fisheries sector. In practice, it provides strategic recommendations to improve policy implementation effectiveness through infrastructure strengthening, human resource development, service digitalization, and enhanced institutional coordination.

The Barokah Lumintu Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Siwarak Village has great potential in processing pineapple as the village's leading commodity. However, the processing activities carried out are still simple, not yet standardized, and not yet oriented towards production continuity and market needs. This community service activity aims to strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit of KWT members and increase the capacity and continuity of pineapple processing products through the application of appropriate technology. The implementation methods include entrepreneurship training, technical training in pineapple processing, assistance in the application of appropriate technology, and strengthening of production and marketing management. The results of the activities show an increase in the knowledge and skills of KWT members in pineapple processing, an increase in production process efficiency, and the growth of a more market-oriented entrepreneurial awareness. This program is expected to encourage the sustainability of the pineapple processing business and increase the economic independence of the members of KWT Barokah Lumintu.

The conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land continues to increase along with the pressures of urbanization, industrialization, and settlement expansion. This condition poses risks to food security, environmental sustainability, and farmer welfare. This article reviews literature based on 25 abstracts/research results on LP2B in Indonesia to map policy implementation patterns, the relationship between LP2B and regional spatial planning, inhibiting factors, and the direction of policy strengthening. The method used is a narrative review with thematic synthesis of normative legal studies, juridical-empirical, qualitative, mixed methods, and spatial-quantitative approaches. The results of the review indicate: (1) LP2B is highly dependent on the harmonization of spatial planning policies, especially RTRW/RDTR and licensing mechanisms based on KKPR-OSS; (2) many regions are still stuck at the land inventory-identification stage, not yet reaching the determination and operational protection through LP2B Regional Regulations; (3) dominant obstacles include regulatory asynchronous, weak law enforcement, minimal cross-agency coordination, limited data by name by address, suboptimal socialization, and conflicts of interest in non-agricultural development; (4) incentive-disincentive instruments have not been implemented consistently, although socially farmers tend to accept LP2B protection; and (5) quantitative evidence at the national level shows that LP2B policies have a positive effect on the percentage of rice fields, despite being suppressed by population density and real estate sector growth. This article emphasizes the need for an integrated spatial governance approach, strengthening regional institutions, and designing policies that are socially and environmentally just to ensure that LP2B is effective in maintaining regional food security.

This research aims to analyze the implementation of public service innovations through the Cheap Food Movement in realizing sustainable food security in Sorong City. The research uses a qualitative approach, collecting data through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of key informants at the Sorong City Food Security Office, business actors, and beneficiary communities. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model, with triangulation of sources and methods to ensure data validity. The study results show that the Cheap Food Movement has increased community food accessibility through regular implementation, a coordinated distribution system, and partnerships with local farmers. Price affordability is achieved through cross-subsidization and a reduction of up to 30% of the market price in the distribution chain. The program's sustainability is supported by local economic empowerment and multi-stakeholder collaboration. The research implications inform the development of public service innovation models grounded in community needs. The study's limitations lie in its focus on a single region, which limits generalization. Recommendations aim to expand the program's scope, strengthen technology-based monitoring systems, and replicate models in other areas with similar conditions.

Corn is a strategic agricultural commodity that contributes significantly to food security and economic development. Cilacap Regency, particularly Jeruklegi District, has considerable potential for corn production. However, the Wanasri Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Jeruklegi Wetan Village has not yet optimized corn utilization due to production and marketing constraints, resulting in limited value addition.This study aims to analyze the value added and production process efficiency of corn wonton chips as a healthy processed product to support the economic independence of women farmers. The study applies the Hayami value-added method and descriptive analysis to assess production efficiency. The findings show that processing 1 kg of corn into 15 packages of corn wonton chips generates an added value of IDR 98,500, with a value-added ratio of 54.72% and a profit rate of 49.16%. These results indicate that corn processing provides substantial economic benefits and is financially feasible. Improving production efficiency and cost control can further enhance profitability and sustainability. Overall, value-added processing of local corn has strong potential to increase income and strengthen the economic resilience of women farmers’ groups.

The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia typically relies on collaboration with smallholder farmers, but this collaboration often faces various problems such as poor cultivation techniques, lack of technical guidance, unclear administrative matters, and limited access to certification and markets. This study aims to develop a specific human resource management model to support collaboration with smallholder farmers, thereby improving production yields, sustainability, and engagement in the palm oil supply chain. The method used is a desk study, namely by analyzing and reconstructing information from research results, industry reports, and palm oil certification and sustainability policies. Based on the analysis, a career structure and Human Resource Management functions are proposed, consisting of collaboration supervisors, field officers, capacity training officers, collaboration administration staff, and collaboration/certification managers. This model allows for technical and administrative assistance, training for farmers, collaboration coordination, and certification and compliance management. The implementation of this model is predicted to improve cultivation quality, improve smallholder access to certification and markets, and strengthen the stability and sustainability of the supply chain. Thus, the HR model for smallholders offers a strategic solution to the various challenges of working with smallholders and supports the development of a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable palm oil agribusiness sector.

Corn is a strategic agricultural commodity that contributes significantly to food security and economic development. Cilacap Regency, particularly Jeruklegi District, has considerable potential for corn production. However, the Wanasri Women Farmers Group (KWT) in Jeruklegi Wetan Village has not yet optimized corn utilization due to production and marketing constraints, resulting in limited value addition.This study aims to analyze the value added and production process efficiency of corn wonton chips as a healthy processed product to support the economic independence of women farmers. The study applies the Hayami value-added method and descriptive analysis to assess production efficiency. The findings show that processing 1 kg of corn into 15 packages of corn wonton chips generates an added value of IDR 98,500, with a value-added ratio of 54.72% and a profit rate of 49.16%. These results indicate that corn processing provides substantial economic benefits and is financially feasible. Improving production efficiency and cost control can further enhance profitability and sustainability. Overall, value-added processing of local corn has strong potential to increase income and strengthen the economic resilience of women farmers’ groups.

The development of the palm oil industry in Indonesia typically relies on collaboration with smallholder farmers, but this collaboration often faces various problems such as poor cultivation techniques, lack of technical guidance, unclear administrative matters, and limited access to certification and markets. This study aims to develop a specific human resource management model to support collaboration with smallholder farmers, thereby improving production yields, sustainability, and engagement in the palm oil supply chain. The method used is a desk study, namely by analyzing and reconstructing information from research results, industry reports, and palm oil certification and sustainability policies. Based on the analysis, a career structure and Human Resource Management functions are proposed, consisting of collaboration supervisors, field officers, capacity training officers, collaboration administration staff, and collaboration/certification managers. This model allows for technical and administrative assistance, training for farmers, collaboration coordination, and certification and compliance management. The implementation of this model is predicted to improve cultivation quality, improve smallholder access to certification and markets, and strengthen the stability and sustainability of the supply chain. Thus, the HR model for smallholders offers a strategic solution to the various challenges of working with smallholders and supports the development of a socially, economically, and environmentally sustainable palm oil agribusiness sector.

This research was conducted in April 2024 in Kota Besi Hulu Village, Kota Besi Subdistrict, Kotawaringin Timur Regency. The research location was determined purposively. The objectives of this study were: (1) to analyze the characteristics of tomato farmers in Kota Besi Hulu Village, Kota Besi Subdistrict, Kotawaringin Timur Regency; and (2) to analyze the factors influencing tomato production in the same area. The sampling technique employed was a census (saturated sampling), in which all active tomato farmers who were members of farmer groups in Kota Besi Hulu Village were included as respondents. A total of 64 tomato farmers participated in this study. The data collected were analyzed using the Cobb–Douglas production function model. The results of the study in Kota Besi Hulu Village, Kota Besi Subdistrict, Kotawaringin Timur Regency, indicate important patterns in local farming practices based on data regarding land area, fertilizer use, seed use, pesticide use, and tomato production. The majority of farmers cultivated land ranging from 7,060.12 to 7,614.72 hectares, reflecting a tendency to manage relatively large farm areas. In terms of fertilizer application, most farmers used between 130.05 and 139.53 kilograms, suggesting a preference for higher input levels to achieve optimal yields. Regarding seed use, the dominant range was between 156.04 and 175.36 kilograms, which may contribute to better production outcomes. Pesticide application also showed a dominant pattern within the range of 4,001.72 to 4,878.76 liters, indicating farmers’ primary strategy in controlling pests and diseases.

Tawiri Village, Teluk Ambon District, possesses non-timber forest product (NTFP) potential, including patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) as a high-value essential oil producer. Patchouli cultivation development faces limitations in farmers' capacity regarding technical cultivation, post-harvest handling, and product downstream processing. This community service activity aims to enhance the Citra Aroma Forest Farmer Group (KTH) capacity in sustainable patchouli cultivation. Activities were conducted from September to November 2025 using a participatory knowledge transfer approach based on the Knowledge Transfer Framework, encompassing awareness, acquisition, application, and knowledge utilization-evaluation stages. Implementation included socialization, technical training, field demonstrations, and cultivation mentoring. Results demonstrate increased knowledge and skills among KTH members in seedling selection, land preparation, planting techniques, and patchouli maintenance. The main output is a Pocket Book on Sustainable Patchouli Cultivation SOP integrating scientific knowledge with local practices. This activity contributes to strengthening farmer group institutional capacity, developing NTFP-based entrepreneurship, and supporting the achievement of SDGs 1 and SDGs 8.

This Community Service Program (PKM) was carried out in Dander Village with the aim of increasing the marketability of agricultural products through assistance in branding strategies and digital marketing. The background of this activity stems from the low added value and limited market reach of agricultural products, most of which are still sold without clear branding and have not yet utilized digital media. The program aims to raise farmers’ awareness of the importance of brand identity, enhance their ability to design product branding, and utilize digital platforms for promotion and sales. The implementation methods included planning, socialization and branding training, digital marketing training, implementation assistance, and evaluation. Through this activity, participants were trained to create brand identities, product packaging, business social media accounts, and digital promotional content. The results showed an improvement in participants’ skills in developing branding strategies and managing digital marketing, which led to an average sales increase of 25–30%. This activity demonstrates that proper application of branding and digital marketing can enhance the competitiveness and selling value of local agricultural products in Dander Village.

This study aims to determine the level of income earned by palm sugar (brown sugar) producers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency. The research employed a descriptive research design. The population consisted of all palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a total sample of 10 respondents. The data sources included primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews conducted by the researcher using a structured questionnaire containing previously prepared questions. Secondary data were collected from relevant government institutions related to the study. Data collection techniques included observation, questionnaires, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using multiple regression analysis, t-test, and F-test. The results showed that the income variable obtained by palm sugar producers had a positive and significant effect on the income of palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency, with a regression coefficient value of Rp 8,976.001 and a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The farmers’ revenue variable also had a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income in Nubuai Village, with a regression coefficient value of Rp 15,791.849 and a significance value of 0.038 < 0.05. Furthermore, the variables of experience and palm sugar price simultaneously influenced the income of palm sugar farmers in Nubuai Village, Urei Faisei District, Waropen Regency.

Tobacco is a leading commodity that forms the foundation of the rural economy, but its cultivation faces challenges in the form of labour intensity, significant capital requirements, and farmers' lack of understanding of systematic cost structures. This study aims to analyse the production cost structure and evaluate the economic efficiency of tobacco farming managed by the Batu Daun Farmer Group in Batuan Village, Sumenep Regency. The research method used a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection through in-depth interviews with the head of the farmer group, field observations, and analysis of financial documents as secondary data. The analysis focused on identifying fixed and variable costs, as well as evaluating economic performance using the Break Even Point (BEP) and Revenue-Cost Ratio (R/C) indicators. The results showed that the total production cost was IDR 28,597,500 (fixed costs of IDR 3,450,000 and variable costs of IDR 25,147,500) for the production of 2,800 kg of tobacco with a gross income of IDR 70,000,000. The R/C ratio value of 2.44 (>1) indicates that the business is operating efficiently and profitably, while the BEP of 215.4 kg shows that actual production far exceeds the break-even point, meaning that the business is in an economically safe zone. The results of the study conclude that the tobacco farming business of the Batu Daun Farmer Group is economically viable and efficient.

Cassava is one of the strategic agricultural commodities in Indonesia, contributing significantly to national production, particularly in several major producing provinces. In addition to the challenge of declining harvested areas, cassava processing activities also generate agricultural waste that poses environmental risks. In Purwasari Village, Dramaga Subdistrict, Bogor Regency, household-scale cassava processing industries produce solid waste in the form of cassava peels, which are not optimally managed and are commonly discarded in the surrounding environment. This cassava waste has the potential to cause environmental pollution, unpleasant odours, and negative impacts on public health. One sustainable alternative for managing this cassava waste is the use of cassava peels as a raw material for composting. This study aimed to identify problems associated with cassava peel waste and to assess members of the Taruna Tani Millennial Farmer Group's interest in compost production using cassava peels. The research was conducted from December 2024 to June 2025 using a community-based assistance approach. Data was collected through interviews and questionnaires involving 20 respondents. The results showed that the main problems associated with cassava peel waste include waste accumulation, limited processing facilities, and low community awareness. Farmers’ interest in cassava peel composting was generally categorized as high, with an average score of 77%, although several indicators remained at a moderate level. Extension activities and hands-on demonstrations were proven to enhance farmers’ understanding, interest, and participation. With sustained educational support and adequate facilities, the use of cassava peel compost has strong potential to promote environmentally friendly, sustainable agricultural waste management.

The factors influencing lowland rice production in Padang City are the focus of this study. The study was conducted through a field survey of lowland rice farmers to obtain primary data relevant to farming activities. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression with the dependent variable being lowland rice production (Y) and independent variables including land area (X₁), seeds (X₂), fertilizer (X₃), labor (X₄), and farming experience (X₅). The research findings show that simultaneously all production factors, including land area, seeds, fertilizer, labor, and farming experience, have a significant effect on lowland rice production in Padang City. Partially, the variables of fertilizer and labor have a significant effect on lowland rice production, while land area, seeds, and farming experience have no significant effect. These findings indicate that the increase in lowland rice production in Padang City is more determined by input intensification efforts, particularly through appropriate fertilization and labor availability, compared to land expansion. As a result, agricultural policies need to be directed at increasing input efficiency to support the productivity and sustainability of rice farming.

Donorojo Village, Pacitan Regency, East Java, has significant agricultural potential, particularly in spice commodities. However, the utilization of spices by local farmers remains limited to the sale of raw materials in traditional markets at relatively low prices and with restricted market reach. In fact, spices have high economic value and strong potential to be developed into value-added products, such as herbal beverages. This community service activity aimed to enhance the knowledge and skills of the PKK women’s group in Donorojo Village in processing spice-based “biofarmaka” as an effort to empower the local economy and strengthen the spice value chain. The methods employed included lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on practice, conducted over five days at the Donorojo Village Hall and involving 20 participants. The products generated from this activity included “jahe gajah beverage”, “instan jahe merah”, “instan beras kencur”, and “instan kunir asem”. The results indicated an improvement in participants  understanding of the health benefits of spices, hygienic processing stages, and their ability to produce instant herbal beverage products. Furthermore, this activity has the potential to strengthen linkages between spice farmers as raw material suppliers and the PKK group as processing actors. The development of spice-based “biofarmaka” provides economic value addition, expands market opportunities, and encourages the growth of rural entrepreneurship. Therefore, spice-based “biofarmaka” processing training can serve as a strategy for rural agro-industry development that supports the improvement of economic stability in Donorojo Village.

Purworejo Regency is one of the centers of herbal plant production in Indonesia. One of these is lemongrass, which is widely found in the Ngombol area. Furthermore, this plant can be used to make herbal products. However, the selling value of this plant is still relatively low because it relies solely on middlemen or collectors. One product made from lemongrass is essential oil. The goal of this Community Service program is to increase the selling value of lemongrass and provide new business opportunities to increase the income of local farmers, especially Mrs. Kasminah in Wonosari Village, Ngombol District, Purworejo Regency. The implementation method includes preparation, core, and completion. The result of this activity is the creation of a new innovation in the form of a practical herbal drink without preservatives that has quite good market potential and is in demand by consumers. Then, the product is branded Sempontea. Achievements during the activity include a significant increase in income, as well as the creation of effective offline and online marketing strategies. This activity also succeeded in establishing a sustainable business ecosystem and increasing environmental awareness through the use of herbal plants.  Overall, this community service activity has succeeded in increasing the selling value of lemongrass plants, improving the economy of local farmers, and providing social and economic impacts for the community through the utilization of local resources.

This study aims to analyze the influence of accountability and transparency principles on financial management in feed retail micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in West Lampung Regency. Accountability and transparency are considered essential aspects of good governance implementation, which play a crucial role in building trust and improving the financial effectiveness of small enterprises. The research applies a quantitative approach through a survey distributed to customers and farmers using a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to examine the effect of accountability and transparency on financial management perception.. The results indicate that both variables have a positive and significant influence on customers’ and farmers’ perceptions. The implementation of accountability and transparency strengthens public trust and enhances the professionalism of financial management practices in MSMEs, particularly in feed retail businesses.