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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that requires ongoing support and intervention from family and related parties. The role of families, especially parents, is crucial in the admissions process, the provision of emotional support, as well as active involvement in the therapy and social interventions of children with autism. Various studies show that social support and family education contribute significantly to the success of children's growth and development. However, families also face challenges such as limited access to services, social stigma, and lack of knowledge. Effective approaches that can be used such as knowledge enhancement through education, social support networks, and collaboration with professionals. In addition, government policy support and the availability of inclusive services are also important factors in supporting the success of interventions. This study uses a literature review methodology and focuses on the role of families in supporting children with autism holistically to develop a sustainable and effective intervention program based on family needs. These findings are expected to be the basis for the development of a more comprehensive and adaptive family assistance strategy for various socio-cultural conditions.

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), diabetes mellitus is a chronic and complex disease that requires ongoing management and various strategies to control blood sugar levels and reduce associated risks. Patient Mrs. J, a 52-year-old woman and farmer, presented with complaints of numbness and tingling in both legs that began approximately 2 months prior to her current visit and had worsened over the past week. The symptoms felt like being pricked and sometimes felt hot, especially at night, thereby interfering with daily activities. The symptoms were accompanied by frequent urination, especially at night, frequent thirst, frequent hunger, a feeling of weakness, and intermittent blurred vision. The patient had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus approximately 5 years ago but did not consistently take medication (glimepiride). The patient still frequently consumes sweet, coconut-based, and fried foods. Physical examination revealed reduced sensation in the lower extremities. Laboratory tests showed elevated blood sugar levels. Based on the medical history, physical examination, and supporting tests, the patient was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The patient was advised to record test results and changes in his health status in a health record book, and to involve family members in supporting treatment adherence and a healthy lifestyle. The patient works as a farmer with an irregular income, depending on the harvest. Daily expenses are shared with his son, so his economic condition

The steady increase in divorce cases in Indonesia suggests that many couples begin married life without adequate emotional, financial, or intellectual readiness. In response, the government encourages premarital education as a preventive initiative designed to equip future spouses with the skills needed to manage potential domestic difficulties. Viewed through the lens of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, this initiative supports the essential goals of Islamic law, namely the promotion of well-being at the personal, family, community, and national levels. This study argues that premarital education reflects the core principles of Islamic legal ethics and functions as a normative expression of the sharī‘ah. Using a normative-theoretical legal framework combined with a maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah analysis, the research engages Qur’anic and Hadith texts, classical and modern fiqh discussions, uṣūl al-fiqh, Indonesian regulatory provisions on premarital counseling, and scholarly works on Islamic Family Law. The results show that major triggers of marital breakdown emotional instability, financial pressure, recurring disputes, and limited understanding of marital responsibilities can be reduced through structured premarital education. These programs strengthen spiritual awareness, emotional resilience, communication skills, conflict-resolution abilities, and economic management. Consequently, premarital education becomes a strategic mechanism for nurturing harmonious households and reinforcing the framework of Islamic Family Law in Indonesia, positioning it as a sharī‘ah oriented tool vital for contemporary social welfare.  

The determination of a minimum marriage age is a central issue in Indonesian family law and Islamic legal discourse, particularly regarding the prevention of health, social, and psychological risks associated with child marriage. This study analyzes the alignment between the legal requirement of a minimum age of 19, as stipulated in Law No. 16 of 2019 and Constitutional Court Decision No. 22/PUU-XV/2017, and the framework of maqāṣid sharī‘ah, especially the hierarchical structure of dharuriyyāt, ḥājiyyāt, and taḥsīniyyāt. Employing a normative juridical method supported by extensive literature review, this research examines statutory regulations, classical and contemporary Islamic legal sources, works on maqāṣid, and empirical data from national and international institutions. The findings demonstrate that the minimum age of 19 substantively accords with maqāṣid sharī‘ah: at the dharuriyyāt level, it safeguards life, intellect, and lineage from medical, psychological, and social harm; at the ḥājiyyāt level, it prevents economic hardship, emotional instability, and the inability of young couples to assume household roles; and at the taḥsīniyyāt level, it preserves human dignity, ethical conduct, and the sanctity of marriage. Consequently, the regulation is not a departure from classical Islamic jurisprudence but rather an implementation of public interest (maṣlaḥah) adapted to contemporary societal realities. This study affirms that integrating maqasid-based reasoning into public policy strengthens the protection of families and future generations in Indonesia.

This study aims to explore the role of pet attachment among cat owners in Palembang, focusing on how emotional bonds are formed, interpreted, and influence psychological well-being. A qualitative approach was employed using purposive sampling to select two main participants who had high interaction intensity with their cats, along with additional informants from family members and neighbors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically with source triangulation to ensure validity. The findings reveal that pet attachment develops through daily interactions such as feeding, cleaning, playing, and monitoring the cat’s health. Cats are perceived not only as domestic animals but also as companions that provide psychological comfort, emotional support, and stress reduction. Factors shaping attachment include emotional needs, intensity of daily interaction, empathy toward the pet’s condition, long-term caregiving commitment, and the perception of cats as significant companions. The duration of ownership strengthens attachment quality, while the loss of a pet triggers profound grief comparable to losing a family member. Moreover, pet attachment influences family dynamics and social identity, portraying owners as caring and empathetic individuals. In conclusion, pet attachment among cat owners in Palembang is a complex psychological phenomenon involving emotional, social, and behavioral dimensions. The relationship between humans and cats extends beyond utilitarian functions, evolving into deep affective bonds that serve as coping mechanisms and psychosocial support in urban life. These findings enrich the literature on human-animal relationships and highlight the therapeutic and emotional value of pets in modern society.

This study aims to examine the relationship between family support and depression levels among the elderly in Pejuang Village, Bekasi City, through a descriptive-narrative literature review. The review analyzed relevant scientific articles discussing family support, social support, and depression in older adults. Literature was selected based on the suitability of the elderly population, the presence of family or social support variables, and the measurement of depressive symptoms or depression levels. The analysis compared each article’s objectives, research design, respondent characteristics, instruments, findings, and conclusions. The results indicate that most studies found a relationship between family support or social support and depression among the elderly. Adequate family support, including emotional, instrumental, informational, and appraisal support, helps older adults feel cared for, valued, secure, and better able to adapt to the aging process. Preliminary findings at the Elderly Posyandu in Pejuang Village also show variations in family support and depression levels among elderly participants. Conversely, limited family support may increase loneliness, psychological distress, and depressive symptoms. Therefore, family support functions as a protective factor in reducing depression risk among older adults. Strengthening the involvement of families, health workers, and elderly posyandu cadres is necessary as a promotive and preventive strategy to maintain psychological well-being through education, early detection, and sustainable community-based assistance for vulnerable elderly groups living in community and family environments.

Immunization is a preventive measure used to protect against Tuberculosis, Diphtheria, Pertussis, Polio, Hepatitis B, and Measles. Immunization administration must be continuous, comprehensive, and conducted according to standards to provide effective health protection. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between paternal support and the immunization status of children aged 0 to 1 year in the Tamban Baru Community hEalth Center area, Kapuas Regency. This study used a cross-sectional correlation design. The independent variable was paternal support, and the dependent variable was immunization status. The sample was selected using total sampling technique, consisting of 50 respondents. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire. The results showed a significant correlation between paternal support and the immunization status of children aged 0 to 1 year, indicated by p = 0.000017 < 0.005; thus, the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected and the alternative hypothesis (H1) accepted. This means that there is a correlation between paternal support and the immunization status of children aged 0 to 1 year. It is recommended that that cross-sector collaboration and Community Health Center authorities enhance efforts so that every immunization officer provides health education, such as counseling about immunization, and that family involvement in spreading immunization programs is increased to achieve targeted coverage through cooperation with health professionals.

Tobacco use remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia. Adolescents are considered capable of making their own decisions, including the choice to smoke. According to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2021, the smoking prevalence in Indonesia is 33.5%, equivalent to 68.8 million people. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing smoking behavior among adolescents. The results of this study emphasize the importance of greater attention and action to smoking prevention efforts among adolescents, especially among males and those in the older age group. The interventions focused on health education and raising awareness of the dangers of smoking which need to be enhanced, as well as involving family and schools to create a supportive environment therefore the adolescents can make healthier decisions. Furthermore, these results can serve as a basis for the development of more effective policies to address the issue of smoking among adolescents in Indonesia. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 5,181 respondents were selected using simple random sampling, and data were collected using a questionnaire. The findings reveal that daily smoking behavior among adolescents is still relatively high, with 11.7% of respondents smoking every day. The majority of respondents were male (70.78%), with the largest age groups being 15 years (21.3%) and 14 years (20.6%). Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between smoking behavior and both age and gender, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that male adolescents and older age groups are more likely to engage in smoking behavior than their counterparts.

Every nation, including Indonesia, has a problem with population growth. A high birth rate is the consequence of an expanding population, which causes childhood malnutrition. Family planning is an attempt to regulate the quantity and spacing of children. The AKDR is the recommended method of contraception. Indonesia's AKDR coverage is still inadequate. Because the husband is the head of the household, his support is crucial since he has the power to decide whether or not to use contraception. At the Ibu Community Health Center, this research aims to explore the connection between husband support and a lack of interest in using IUD contraception among couples of reproductive age. With 25 individuals in the study group, a cross-sectional research design with total sampling methodologies was employed. A survey was used as the research method, and the data was subjected to Chi-Square analysis with SPSS. The chi-square statistical test produced a P-value (asymp. Sig 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that there is a correlation between husband support and a low desire among couples of reproductive age to utilize IUD contraception. Consequently, since H0 was disproved and H1 was proven, it can be inferred that there is a link between husband support and couples of childbearing age having a low interest in using IUD contraception.

The phenomenon of broken home families among elementary school students has become a significant social and psychological issue affecting learning motivation, emotional stability, character development, and academic achievement. This study aims to analyze the relationship between incomplete family conditions and students’ learning motivation, as well as the role of cognitive resilience, social support, and the school environment in maintaining academic achievement among students at MI Al Ikhlas Ancaran. Specifically, this study examines: (1) students’ cognitive conditions and learning motivation, (2) factors influencing cognitive resilience, (3) the role of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in supporting learning motivation, and (4) Islamic value-based strategies to strengthen students’ cognitive resilience and learning motivation. This study employed a qualitative descriptive approach using observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The participants included students from broken home families, Islamic Religious Education teachers, and homeroom teachers. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, while validity was ensured through source and method triangulation. The findings indicate that students from broken home families generally possess relatively good cognitive resilience, enabling them to adapt to academic challenges and manage emotional stress effectively. Their learning motivation was categorized as moderate to good, reflecting strong internal encouragement to achieve despite family difficulties. The study also found that Islamic value-based strategies effectively strengthen cognitive resilience and learning motivation. Furthermore, a positive relationship exists between cognitive resilience and learning motivation, where higher resilience contributes to stronger learning motivation. Supportive family environments, madrasah settings, and positive peer relationships were identified as important factors in enhancing students’ resilience and academic motivation.

This study aims to examine the factors that influence students’ interest in learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI) at SMA Daruttaqwa Dahanrejo Kebomas Gresik. The research applies a qualitative method using a case study approach. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews with students, teachers, and administrative staff, as well as direct observation of the PAI learning process. The results reveal that students’ learning interest is shaped by both internal and external factors. Internal factors include individual characteristics, intellectual ability, and psychological conditions. Meanwhile, external factors consist of the role of competent teachers, parental support, the availability of facilities and infrastructure, and a supportive learning environment. The implementation of PAI learning involves various methods, such as lectures, storytelling of prophets and pious scholars, question-and-answer activities, the use of social and visual media, assignments, discussions, and role modeling. Factors that enhance learning interest include teacher motivation, family support, a conducive environment, alignment with students’ interests, and the quality of learning materials. The primary obstacle identified is the suboptimal management and scheduling of instructional time.

This study aims to analyze the management of Ikhwanul Ikhlas Wisata Travel in Medan in terms of pilgrim recruitment processes, manasik guidance patterns, assistance systems in the Holy Land, as well as indicators and evaluation of customer satisfaction. The background of this study is based on the increasing competition among Umrah travel agencies, which requires professional, transparent, and customer-oriented services to build trust and loyalty. In this context, Ikhwanul Ikhlas Wisata becomes an interesting case due to its consistency in guiding pilgrims from the initial stage to post-return.This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with three key informants representing management, the company director, and marketing personnel. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding of Umrah travel management practices.The findings reveal that Ikhwanul Ikhlas Wisata implements a recruitment system that emphasizes transparency in package information, costs, facilities, and departure schedules. Manasik guidance is conducted through both theoretical and practical sessions on a regular basis and supported by competent tour leaders and mutawwif. Customer satisfaction is measured through indicators such as repeat participation, recommendations to family or relatives, and post-return testimonials. The evaluation of satisfaction is utilized as a foundation for continuous improvement in recruitment strategies, guidance patterns, and service quality.

This study aims to analyze people's online shopping behavior and assess its impact on family economic conditions. The development of digital technology has transformed people's consumption habits, particularly in shopping activities, which are now increasingly practical through online platforms. Easy access, product diversity, and various payment options have made online shopping a dominant trend. However, this convenience also has the potential to foster consumer behavior that impacts financial stability. This study aims to analyze bold shopping patterns and their impact on household financial conditions. The approach used is descriptive qualitative library research, collecting and analyzing data from various scientific journals, articles, and related references. The study findings indicate that online shopping has diverse effects: on the one hand, it offers time and cost savings, but on the other hand, it can lead to waste and indiscipline in family budget management if not supported by adequate self-control. Therefore, an understanding of financial management and digital literacy is crucial to ensure optimal use of technology without harming family economic well-being. Furthermore, this phenomenon requires synergy between digital platform policies and consumer education to mitigate the risk of impulsive buying. This research confirms that psychological factors often outweigh objective needs in digital transactions. As a recommendation, adaptive financial management support strategies are needed for families in this era of disruption to maintain domestic economic resilience against the pressures of a modern lifestyle.

Primary education is crucial for child development, especially at the elementary school level. Children begin to acquire various basic knowledge that will shape their cognitive, social, and emotional abilities. However, reality shows that schools can also become sites of aggressive behavior in the form of bullying. According to the Ministry of Women’s Empowerment and Child Protection (2023), cases of bullying in elementary schools have shown an increasing trend over the past five years. The purpose of this activity is to broaden students' understanding of bullying and its impacts, foster empathy and mutual respect, and strengthen the roles of teachers and parents in creating a safe and inclusive school environment. Findings indicate the presence of students who still lack understanding regarding types of bullying, with a high category showing that some individuals remain frequent targets of bullying. This may be caused by factors such as physical differences, social status, family background, or weak social support from peers. This condition indicates that schools still need to implement preventive and intervention approaches to protect students who are vulnerable to bullying.

Communication within the family, especially between parents and children, is an important foundation for the development of a child's personality, emotions, and social skills. The purpose of this writing is to identify the types of parental communication styles, analyze the factors that influence them, examine their impact on child development, and provide practical recommendations to improve the effectiveness of communication patterns within the family. The method used in writing this paper is a literature study. The discussion results show that there are three main types of parental communication styles: permissive, authoritarian, and democratic. The permissive style tends to give the child unlimited freedom, the authoritarian style emphasizes control and obedience, while the democratic style encourages openness and mutual respect. The choice of communication style is influenced by various factors such as educational background, culture, past experiences, and the socio-economic conditions of parents. Each communication style has a different impact on the emotional, social, and cognitive development of children. The democratic style is considered the most effective in optimally supporting child development. This article provides recommendations to parents to increase knowledge about dialogical-based parenting, practice assertive communication skills, give children space to express their opinions, and build a family culture that is open and mutually respectful.

Law Number 11 of 2012 emphasizes restorative justice, diversion, and the protection and fulfillment of children’s rights within the juvenile justice system. In addition, Law Number 22 of 2022 highlights the importance of guidance and assistance aimed at supporting the social reintegration of children in conflict with the law. However, the implementation of these legal provisions at the Class I Correctional Center (Bapas) in Banda Aceh has not been fully effective due to several challenges, including the limited number of officers, inadequate initial assistance, and constraints in reporting and inter-institutional coordination. This study aims to analyze the implementation of assistance provided to juvenile correctional clients at Bapas Class I Banda Aceh and identify factors affecting its effectiveness. The research employs an empirical juridical method with descriptive qualitative analysis based on interviews, documentation, and legal literature. The findings reveal that assistance has been provided throughout all judicial stages, including pre-adjudication, adjudication, and post-adjudication processes. These activities involve community research, assistance during diversion and court proceedings, and post-verdict guidance. Nevertheless, implementation remains suboptimal due to internal factors such as limited Community Advisors and heavy workloads, as well as external factors including insufficient family support, limited community acceptance, and weak coordination between institutions. These issues affect the effectiveness of assistance and hinder children’s successful social reintegration.

Adolescent mental health is a crucial factor in supporting students’ academic success, social interactions, and personal development within the school environment. The various pressures faced by adolescents such as academic demands, developmental changes, and the influence of social and digital environments can increase the risk of mental health issues. Therefore, effective protective factors are needed, one of which is social support. This study aims to examine the relationship between social support and adolescent mental health in the school environment using a qualitative method with a literature review approach. Data were obtained from relevant, openly accessible national journals published between 2020 and 2025. Analysis was conducted using content analysis on 14 articles that met the inclusion criteria. The results of the study indicate that social support has a positive and significant relationship with adolescents’ mental health. Support from family, peers, and teachers has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety levels, as well as improve students’ psychological well-being, resilience, and coping abilities. Conversely, low levels of social support contribute to an increased risk of mental disorders among adolescents. Thus, social support serves as an important protective factor in maintaining and improving students’ mental health. The implications of this study underscore the importance of the involvement of families, schools, and the social environment in building a sustainable support system for adolescents.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of cross-sector education based on community participation as an effort to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Watangsono Village, Wonogiri. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data through participatory observation, documentation, and Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving key stakeholders in the village. The results show that the implementation of cross-sector educational programs covering education, health, economy, and environment has a significant impact on improving community knowledge, skills, and awareness. Community participation was reflected through active involvement in various practical activities, such as anti-bullying education, digital literacy training, stunting prevention through local food processing, herbal plant utilization, natural pesticide production, family health massage practices, and strengthening local economic capacity. The participatory and applicative approach encourages two-way knowledge transfer and strengthens community capacity in managing local resources sustainably. Despite challenges such as limited resources and time constraints, the program demonstrates positive contributions to supporting SDGs achievement at the village level. Therefore, cross-sector education based on community participation can serve as an effective strategy in empowering rural communities and fostering sustainable development.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve the memorization skills of students through a program to familiarize them with memorizing daily prayers at the Syubbanul Qur'an Islamic Boarding School (TPQ) in Jambangan, Surabaya. The background to this activity is based on the low ability to memorize daily prayers of students and the lack of habituation in daily life due to limited mentoring in the family environment. The method used in this activity is the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach which emphasizes the utilization of potential and assets owned by the community. The stages of the activity include discovery, dream, design, and destiny which are carried out systematically and participatory. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation and interviews to determine the development of students' memorization skills and the effectiveness of the program. The results of the activity show an increase in the ability to memorize daily prayers, marked by an increase in the number of memorizations, fluency in pronunciation, and increased self-confidence of students. In addition, this program also has an impact on the formation of religious character, discipline, and positive habits in daily life. The program's success was supported by the active involvement of the ustadz/ustadzah (Islamic teacher) and parents, as well as a conducive learning environment. Despite several obstacles, such as differences in student abilities and time constraints, the program remained effective. Thus, the habit of memorizing daily prayers has proven to be an effective strategy for improving memorization skills and sustainably shaping the students' religious character.

Fish farming using the biofloc system is a technological innovation capable of increasing efficiency, production results, and the sustainability of fisheries business at the village level. This study aims to determine the development of fish farming businesses using the biofloc system in increasing family income in Sembuluh village. Then, it aims to understand the impact of using the biofloc system in increasing family income and to understand the Islamic economic perspective on the utilization of the biofloc system in increasing family income. The method used is a qualitative or field research approach with purposive sampling techniques to collect data from 5 fish farmers who implement the biofloc system. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed descriptively. The research results show that fish farming using a biofloc system is able to increase family income through increased production and feed cost efficiency. This system supports more controlled pond management, maintains water quality, and produces more stable harvests. In addition to increasing income, the implementation of the biofloc system also strengthens family economic resilience due to planned harvest cycles and group cooperation. From an Islamic economic perspective, this practice aligns with the principles of halal, honesty, justice, and social responsibility, as well as providing benefits for families and the community.