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This study examines the legal liability of a Limited Liability Company (LLC) before and after bankruptcy, with a focus on the roles of the board of directors, board of commissioners, and the curator appointed by the Commercial Court. Prior to bankruptcy, the liability for the company's obligations rests primarily with the board of directors and the board of commissioners, especially when debts arising from binding agreements remain unpaid. In situations where the company is unable to fulfill its payment obligations, and such inability is confirmed by a final court ruling, responsibility for managing and settling the company’s debts and assets is transferred to a court-appointed curator. The research analyzes the legal framework governing the curator’s authority, which operates under the supervision of a supervisory judge from the Commercial Court. The curator acts as the sole party responsible for handling the bankrupt entity’s obligations to creditors, ensuring compliance with applicable bankruptcy laws. This study uses a normative juridical approach, relying on legislation, case law, and legal doctrine to examine the extent of responsibility at each stage of the bankruptcy process. Special attention is given to the legal considerations of the Central Jakarta Commercial Court in Decisions Number 34/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2024/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst and Number 38/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2024/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst. Both rulings are found to be appropriate, as they meet the legal requirements for declaring an LLC bankrupt based on verified facts and circumstances. The findings underscore the importance of distinguishing between pre-bankruptcy liabilities—borne by company management—and post-bankruptcy responsibilities, which are entirely managed by the appointed curator. This clear allocation of responsibility ensures creditor protection, maintains judicial oversight, and upholds the principles of fairness and legal certainty in bankruptcy proceedings

This research aims to simplify the management of dr. Chasbullah Kota Bekasi    hospital outpatient service data. so that work becomes effective and efficient, in addition to the design of this application can also help solve work problems related to reports that can be completed quickly, precisely and accurately. The research method used in this Hospital outpatient service application system is Grounded Research which is based on facts and uses comparative analysis with the aim of conducting empirical generation, establishing concepts, proving theories, developing theories, collecting data and analyzing data at the same time. In addition, the author also collected data through direct observation, interviews, literature studies, and documentation to obtain the required information. After conducting the research, the author concluded that the Hospital Outpatient application system can help data processing become more effective and efficient.

The cassation legal effort has a high urgency in the Indonesian civil justice system as a corrective mechanism for errors in the application of law and an instrument to ensure uniformity of national law. The relevance of this topic is increasing along with the large number of cassation cases submitted to the Supreme Court (MA) and has the potential to hamper the legal function of the highest judicial institution. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the application of cassation in civil cases and identify various obstacles that affect its implementation. This study uses a normative legal method with a regulatory approach and case studies supported by a literature study of laws and regulations, court decisions, and appropriate legal literature. The research findings indicate that the effectiveness of cassation is hampered by a combination of internal factors, such as excessive caseloads and limitations of the MA information system, as well as external factors such as weak legal understanding of the parties, declining quality of previous court decisions, and misuse of cassation as a litigation strategy. This study concludes that structural reform and increased capacity of judicial actors are needed, as well as strengthening of civil procedural law norms in order to clarify the role of cassation as a tester of the application of law, not a forum for objections to facts. This study contributes to the discourse on judicial reform and opens up opportunities for further research with empirical and comparative legal system approaches.

The purpose of the study was to determine the description of juvenile delinquency behavior that occurs in students. The study used a descriptive research method in which the author tried to reveal and describe how Juvenile Delinquency in Students of SMAN X Lengayang in Pesisir Selatan. Descriptive research is one type of research that aims to describe systematically, factually, and accurately about the facts and characteristics of a particular population. From the tests that have been carried out, the results obtained are that the level of juvenile delinquency is included in the moderate category. In the gender category, 27 male students have a moderate level of delinquency and 36 female students have a moderate level of delinquency. As for the class category, class 10 has 22 people, class XI 17 people and class XII 24 people with a moderate level of delinquency. The highest level of delinquency is in class XII, this is due to the feeling of being the most senior in school.

Folklore is a story that develops in the community and is spread orally that has a moral message. Legend is part of folklore that tells the history of a place. There are several legends in an area, in the Central Java area of ​​Kudus City there is one Legend, namely the Bulusan Legend. This research is a Qualitative study with a descriptive narrative type and content analysis method. This study aims to analyze the social values ​​in the book "Cerita Rakyat Pesisir Timur" by Mohammad Kanzunuddin about the Bulusan Legend. The qualitative approach technique provides an explanation of the hidden meaning in the legend text in depth and contextually. The data used are written facts in the form of books and journal articles. The results of the social value of the Bulusan legend, namely the story of the curse of Mbah Dudo and his students who turned into bulus show noble life values. The analysis reveals various moral teachings that are useful as social values ​​such as loyalty, cooperation, and common interests embedded in this legend.

This study examines the application of Article 362 jo Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) in the Kupang District Court Decision Number 170/Pid.B/2023 against the defendant Sherly Oktaviana Nggeon, who was proven to have committed the crime of repeatedly stealing gold at her workplace, Toko Mas Sahabat. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the application of criminal law norms to concrete facts revealed at the trial and analyze the judge's considerations both from juridical and non-juridical aspects in imposing a verdict. The method used is a normative juridical approach with secondary data sources obtained through literature studies of laws and regulations, doctrines, and court decisions. The results of the study show that although the panel of judges has formally applied Article 362 jo Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code by qualifying the defendant's actions as a continuing act (voortgezette handeling), this approach is not entirely appropriate substantively. The act of theft was carried out in different periods, against different objects, and accompanied by the forgery of a memorandum of sale of elements that can legally be qualified as a separate criminal offense based on Article 263 of the Criminal Code. However, in the judge's decision, this act of forgery was not explicitly considered either as an additional charge or as a burden of punishment. This raises the issue of justice, considering that the merging of all acts into one criminal act reduces the weight of criminal responsibility that the defendant should receive, and does not fully reflect the overall dimension of the crime committed. From a non-juridical aspect, the judge considered the defendant's background, good faith to return the damages, and the social and economic conditions of the defendant in imposing a two-year prison sentence. However, this consideration is considered disproportionate when compared to the amount of loss, the consistency of the evil act, and the existence of counterfeiting which contributes to aggravating the character of the crime. This study emphasizes the importance of a more comprehensive legal approach in qualifying compound crimes (concursus realis), as well as the need for judges to 

This research aims to analyze the considerations of the Judge inimposing a prison sentence of 9 (nine) months on the Defendant who, due to their negligence in driving a motor vehicle, caused the death of another person, which has corresponded with the actions of the defendant and the facts presented in the trial. The type of research that the author uses is Normative Juridical research (library research), which is research that studies document analysis using various secondary data such as legislation, court decisions, legal theories, and can include the opinions of scholars. This research shows that (1) The judge in imposing a prison sentence of 9 (nine) months on the defendant did not consider the actions of the defendant sufficiently, so the application of the prison sentence of 9 (nine) months was not appropriate considering the actions of the defendant, which were that the defendant saw the victim from a distance of 50 (fifty) meters, but the defendant did not attempt to stop his vehicle, merely trying to change lanes, and the victim also moved to the same lane, making the accident unavoidable. (2) The judge's decision to impose a prison sentence of 9 (nine) months on the defendant was in accordance with the facts presented during the trial which included the Defendant's Testimony, the Indictment by the Public Prosecutor, and the Demands of the Public Prosecutor.

The use of materials in health research requires a binding instrument to regulate the distribution of benefits. Material Transfer Agreement (MTA) is an essential material transfer agreement, allowing the management of the transfer through negotiation until a mutually beneficial agreement is reached. In addition, MTA functions as a contract that protects the rights of the parties involved and ensures compliance with regulations, based on the theory of legal protection and authority. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The collection of legal materials is carried out through the identification of positive legal rules, as well as examining primary, secondary, and tertiary sources. The data is then analyzed from the identification of legal facts to drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that MTA regulations in Indonesia are comprehensively regulated by various levels, including Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health (Article 340 paragraph 3), Law Number 11 of 2019 (Article 76 letter h and Article 77 paragraph 1), Government Regulation Number 28 of 2024 (Articles 972, 1025–1031), and Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 85 of 2020 (Articles 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 15, and 16 paragraph 1). These national legal frameworks complement each other to ensure procedural certainty, biosafety, benefit sharing, protection of intellectual property rights, and sanctions for violators in the transfer of health materials. Although its implementation faces preventive and repressive challenges, MTA has proven essential in bridging national and commercial interests, increasing the capacity of science and technology, and protecting the sovereignty of Indonesia's genetic resources.

This research aims to examine the impact of thrifting on the economic condition of clothing traders in Pasar Lasoani, to identify the factors that make thrifting a threat to these traders, to find solutions that traders can implement in facing competition with thrifted products, and to understand the Islamic economic perspective on thrifting practices in Pasar Lasoani. This study uses a qualitative research method, which is intended to describe and explain events or phenomena occurring in the field and to present data systematically, factually, and accurately regarding the facts or phenomena observed. The data for this study were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The thrifting phenomenon has had a significant impact on the economy of clothing traders in Pasar Lasoani. On the positive side, this trend has increased income for traders who sell thrifted items due to their affordable prices and attractive variety. However, on the negative side, thrifting reduces the competitiveness of new and local clothing traders, thereby creating economic imbalances in the market. The increase in secondhand clothing imports is also perceived as a threat to the demand for new products, especially due to the strong interest of young consumers in branded clothes at low prices. To improve competitiveness, new clothing traders need to implement strategies such as price adjustments, product quality improvement, utilization of digital marketing, and consumer education on the advantages of new clothing. From an Islamic economic perspective, the practice of thrifting is permissible as long as it fulfills the pillars and legal conditions of buying and selling, namely clarity of the product, mutual agreement on price, and absence of excessive gharar (uncertainty). According to the school of Imam Malik, this practice is valid if the existing gharar is minor, unavoidable, and conducted with honesty, fairness, and transparency. Therefore, thrifting transactions in Pasar Lasoani can be considered in line with the principles of sharia.

The reason of this study is to research the impact of product pleasant and price notion on client loyalty at PT Langgeng Utama Rekaindo Kediri using customer pleasure as a mediating variable. A quantitative technique is used on this take a look at and Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS 4.0) as an evaluation technique. a web questionnaire changed into used to accumulate facts with a 4-point Likert scale and 140 respondents were involved with the purposive sampling technique used. The effects showed that product high-quality shows a advantageous and significant direct impact on client loyalty. rate notion has a high quality effect on client loyalty, but this effect is not statistically significant. Product high-quality shows a high-quality and significant direct effect on client pride. fee perception shows a fantastic and massive direct impact on client satisfaction. client delight has a positive effect on client loyalty, but this effect is not statistically significant. Product high-quality shows a direct impact on client loyalty thru mediation of client pride does now not show tremendous results. The indirect effect of rate belief on client loyalty via mediation of purchaser pride also does not show sizeable consequences.

Criminalistics is an important supporting science in the criminal justice system, especially at the investigation stage. This science is used by investigators to uncover crimes scientifically through analysis of physical evidence, fingerprints, traces of wounds, poisons, objects used, and reconstruction of the incident. In cases of premeditated murder committed by children, criminalistics plays a crucial role in proving the elements of the crime. This study raises two problem formulations, namely: (1) What is the role of criminalistics in revealing the crime of premeditated murder by children? and (2) What are the inhibiting factors of criminalistics in the disclosure process? This study uses a normative and empirical legal approach, by combining primary data through interviews and secondary data from literature studies. The results of the study indicate that criminalistics is very important in helping investigators uncover facts and compile a scientific picture of criminal events. The factors that inhibit the role of criminalistics include: limited means and facilities for forensic investigation, legal aspects that limit the time of investigation, lack of coordination between law enforcement officers, and community and cultural factors. Among these factors, the most dominant are the lack of forensic facilities, limited investigation time, and weak coordination between institutions. This study suggests that investigators be provided with comprehensive criminalistic training and authorities increase the provision of forensic equipment, especially in regional areas, to support the effectiveness of disclosing crimes involving children as perpetrators.  

This study aims to describe the literary reception analysis of the monologue drama “Prodo Imitatito” by Arthur S. Nalan using a literary reception approach. Literary reception is a literary genre that examines literary texts by considering the reader as the giver of the response. This research refers to the understanding and assessment given by the audience to literary works. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, which describes and describes the subject or object of a study that raises the facts found in the research studied. The data in this study are the answers (receptions) of the audience contained in the questionnaire list. The data source in this research is the questions contained in the research questionnaire. Informants/subjects of research are all individuals who are the source of data collection, in this case, students of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education Study Program at Muhammadiyah Purworejo University. The monologue “Prodo Imitatio” tells the story of a middle-aged man who has been spoiled and lazy to study since childhood. After failing to get a bachelor's degree, he is ashamed and ends up running a business of buying and selling fake degrees at the fictitious institution “University of Zuzulapan” to fulfill his social ambitions. The results showed that this literary reception study succeeded in bringing the audience and readers into the storyline.

Education plays a very important role in shaping an individual’s character and mindset, including in preventing radicalism. With education, it is hoped that a person can develop themselves and bring positive change to the nation and state, so that education becomes a life guide reflected in every activity undertaken. The research method used this time is a qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. This method was chosen because it aims to systematically describe facts or characteristics factually and accurately. This study presents data as it is without manipulation or other additional treatments. From an Islamic perspective, the values of tolerance, dialogue, and justice are important foundations in building a harmonious society. This research found that the integration of moderate Islamic values into the curriculum and campus activities can strengthen efforts to prevent radicalism. Radicalism on campus is a phenomenon that needs to be watched out for because it can threaten the values of tolerance, diversity, and national unity. Critical education not only provides space for students to think analytically and reflectively, but also equips them with social awareness. Building a campus free from radicalism is not only the responsibility of educational institutions, but also requires the active involvement of all campus elements, through strong collaboration between students, lecturers, as well as strengthening the values of moderation and inclusivity.

The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of public service accountability and the inhibiting and supporting factors in the implementation of public service accountability in East Towuntu Village, Pasan District. The approach in this research is qualitative descriptive research. This research was chosen because it presents data systematically, factually and accurately regarding the facts in the field. The object of this research is Public Services. This research was conducted at the Towuntu Village Office as an extension of the central government and provider of services to the community. The informants in this research were all Towuntu Village officials, Pasan District. In providing services to the community, the Towuntu Village Government has demonstrated performance accountability/accountability in order to maintain community trust. This is demonstrated by the existence of a flow of accountability starting from the lowest level, namely village officials, to their leaders, namely Old Law. There are several factors that can influence the accountability/accountability process, where these factors originate from within the individual as a Village Apparatus and the environmental influence of Towuntu Village. However, as the experience of Towuntu Village officials increases, the level of understanding of the importance of performance accountability can be increased so that the process of implementing accountability can run well.

Drugs are an abbreviation of narcotics and dangerous drugs. Napra which is an abbreviation of Narcotics, Paicotropics and Addictive Substances. Are substances that can affect the body, especially the central nervous system In an effort to realize a prosperous society, the seriousness of the community and government is needed to achieve it. One of the applications is a strategy in government. Qualitative descriptive research is intended to describe and illustrate existing phenomena, both natural and human engineering, which pay more attention to the characteristics, quality, interrelationships between activities, manipulation or changes in the variables studied, but rather describe a condition as it is. The only treatment given is the research itself, which is carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation. The purpose of descriptive research is to make systematic, actual and accurate recording of the facts and characteristics of a particular population or area. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research type. While the data collection technique is carried out through observation, interviews and documentation studies and for the selection of informants the author uses the Purposive sampling technique, namely samples taken intentionally. The location of this study is in Siantat Martoba District, especially in Naga Pita Village. This study aims to describe and analyze the Strategy in preventing Drugs in Naga Pita Village. The theory used in this study is the Prevention Strategy theory according to Wuccanti 2005,61. The results of this study are that the people of Naga Pita Village have not fully followed all the existing stages, they only participate in the implementation stage, and seen from the form of participation that is only in the form of thoughts and involvement not in the form of money. And for the influencing factors, it can be seen from the age and income factors.

Proof in criminal procedural law in Indonesia is a process that starts from the investigation stage, where evidence is gathered by investigators, to the trial stage, where the judge delivers a verdict. The main goal of this process is to seek and uphold material truth, which is the truth that corresponds to the actual facts. This evidence includes various forms such as witness testimony, expert testimony, documents, indications, and the defendant's statements. In the Indonesian proof system, which is based on the Continental European system, at least two valid pieces of evidence and the judge's conviction are required to declare someone guilty. This means that the evidence must be convincing to the judge regarding the truth of the charges brought against the defendant. This article examines the theory of proof, circumstantial evidence, and challenges in the practice of proof, including the testimony of possession that emerged in the Vina Cirebon case. This research employs a normative juridical method with a legislative approach. The analysis shows that proof in criminal procedural law heavily relies on valid evidence and the judge's conviction, and identifies that the Indonesian judicial system needs to pay attention to the development and adaptation to special situations such as possession testimony.

This journal is entitled Problems of Differences in Land Area Size Between Land Certificates and Facts in the Field. Regulations regarding land ownership are regulated in such a way by the government, but the regulations issued at this time still cannot protect the rights of land owners because until now there are still many problems regarding differences in land area size between land certificates and facts in the field. The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the causes of changes in land area size in land certificates and efforts to resolve if there is a difference in land area size between land certificates and facts in the field. The method used in this study is empirical legal research, which is a study that will later use empirical facts taken from human behavior through direct observation. The results of the study state that changes in land area size in land certificates are caused by two (2) factors, namely human factors and natural factors. Meanwhile, the resolution if there is a change in land area size in land certificates can be resolved through litigation and non-litigation.

The post-factual era has shifted the position of legal facts from objective entities to part of narrative contestations shaped by digital disinformation, algorithmic media, and unverified public perception. Unfortunately, this has given rise to epistemic dislocation in the judicial process, where evidence loses its objective quality, legal decisions are distorted by collective emotional pressure and erode the credibility of the law as a guarantor of substantive and procedural justice. This research is a normative research using a conceptual approach. The data collection method was collected using library research, then analyzed using qualitative methods and presented descriptively. The results of the study show that the development of disinformation, emotional narratives, and manipulative digital evidence have shown a structural inconsistency between conventional evidentiary standards and the complexity of 21st-century legal realities, threatening the validity of evidence, the autonomy of judicial institutions, and the principle of due process in the criminal system. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the evidentiary system through the integration of verification technology, cross-disciplinary collaborative approaches, and investment in digital literacy, to ensure that the law continues to function as a rational and fair instrument in an increasingly unstable information landscape.

Catur Murti Counseling integrates the concept of self-acceptance as a foundation that aims to provide a deep understanding of self-development and interpersonal relationships through a psychological approach. Catur Murti, which originates from Javanese culture, teaches the importance of balance in four aspects of life: spiritual, intellectual, emotional, and physical. By using qualitative research methods and using types of literature studies that aim to describe the facts that have been collected and then provide explanations and understanding of the facts regarding the concept of catur murti counseling. This counseling not only helps individuals understand themselves, but also in building harmonious relationships with others. Through counseling techniques based on the principles of Catur Murti, individuals are invited to explore their potential, overcome conflicts, and create a more meaningful life.

Bullying is one of the problems that is rampant in the teenage environment, but it is also possible for it to occur among children. This action can have a long-term negative impact on the mental and emotional development of the victim. Therefore, prevention efforts are needed early on, one of which is through education for the younger generation. Educational films are present as one of the effective media in conveying moral and social messages in an interesting and easy-to-understand way. This study aims to determine whether educational films can make the younger generation aware of the negative impacts of bullying, with SMAN 16 Palembang as the research location. The method used is descriptive qualitative to describe real facts through observation and interviews. The results of the study showed that educational films were able to increase students' awareness of the dangers of bullying and encourage them to be more empathetic and dare to reject bullying in the school environment.