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This article examines the juridical aspects of online loans (pinjol) as an alternative method for Indonesian students to pay tuition fees (SPP and UKT), with a focus on the partnership between universities and fintech institutions like Danacita. Using normative legal methods and literature analysis, the study finds that while online lending platforms are legally regulated under POJK No. 77/POJK.01/2016, there are still gaps in legal protection for students as consumers. The lack of targeted consumer protection, transparency, and financial literacy raises serious risks of over-indebtedness and academic dropout. This paper calls for more stringent government oversight, improved regulatory enforcement by OJK, and the development of accessible, fair educational financing alternatives.

The rapid expansion of fintech lending services, particularly cross-border peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, has created significant legal challenges concerning consumer protection. This study examines whether existing legal frameworks adequately safeguard consumer rights within the borderless digital lending environment. Utilizing a normative-juridical method combined with a comparative approach, the research analyzes Indonesia’s regulatory structure alongside selected international frameworks. The findings reveal substantial gaps in consumer protection, exacerbated by the proliferation of illegal online lending platforms, regulatory fragmentation across jurisdictions, and the misuse of personal data. National regulations often prove insufficient to address complex cross-border legal issues. This study underscores the urgency of global regulatory harmonization, enhanced national oversight mechanisms, and improved digital literacy among consumers. It concludes with recommendations for regulatory reform, the establishment of international supervisory cooperation, and the strengthening of institutional roles, particularly by financial and communication authorities, to ensure robust consumer protection in the evolving fintech lending ecosystem.

The complexity of the financial services sector necessitates effective dispute resolution mechanisms. This study analyzes the implementation of financial services dispute mediation by OJK DIY under OJK Regulation No. 1/LAPS-SJK/I/2021 and explores procedural constraints. An empirical juridical method with qualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews with OJK DIY officials and consumers utilizing mediation services, supplemented by secondary data from official documents and related regulations analyzed descriptively. Findings reveal a low mediation success rate of 18.67% from 2,501 complaints in 2023 with an average resolution duration of 10 working days. Primary obstacles include digital gaps in service access, insufficient legal and financial literacy among the public, bargaining power disparities between consumers and financial institutions, and limited program socialization. The research recommends transforming OJK DIY's mediation system through enhanced digital access, strengthened consumer education, equalized bargaining positions, and intensified socialization. This study contributes to developing more efficient and equitable dispute resolution policies and provides strategic recommendations for improving consumer protection in Indonesia's financial services sector.

The policy of postpaid data quota elimination by telecommunication companies in Indonesia has raised legal issues in the context of consumer protection. This practice is often implemented without transparency or explicit consent from consumers, despite the fact that the data quotas have been fully paid. This study aims to analyze the compatibility of the quota elimination policy with the principles of contractual fairness and consumer protection under Indonesian positive law. The research uses a normative juridical method, focusing on statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and comparative practices from other jurisdictions. The findings reveal that standard clauses regulating data quota forfeiture without a rollover or compensation mechanism contradict Article 18 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and violate the principles of good faith, balance, and transparency in contracts. Therefore, such policies are inconsistent with the doctrine of fair contracts and the legal responsibilities of business actors as mandated in the Indonesian consumer protection legal system. This study recommends the establishment of technical regulations by BRTI and the Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo) to ensure fair and sustainable protection of consumer rights over paid data services.  

The advancement of digital technology has introduced a novel trend in marketing via social media platforms, specifically through influencers promoting products or services. Nonetheless, numerous endorsements by influencers contain misleading, inaccurate, or harmful claims to consumers. This research aims to analyze the civil liability of influencers for product claims that cause consumer harm in digital media endorsements, referencing Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. Utilizing a normative juridical method based on literature review of laws, legal doctrines, and pertinent cases, the findings reveal that influencers can be held civilly liable under the tort principle (onrechtmatige daad) as stipulated in Article 1365 of the Civil Code, if proven to provide false or unsupported claims resulting in consumer harm (Setiawan, 2019). Therefore, there is a pressing need to enhance regulations governing the role of influencers in consumer protection frameworks alongside effective liability mechanisms as a form of accountability in the evolving digital marketing landscape.

Legal protection for consumers is an important issue in maintaining public trust in products circulating in the market, especially in subsidized cooking oil products. Decreasing quality or cutting product content can affect consumer perception, which has an impact on decreasing trust in the product brand. This study aims to analyze the impact of legal protection on the consequences of cutting subsidized cooking oil and how this incident affects public trust. The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study analysis of the event of cutting the contents of cooking oil products by PT AEGA. The results of the study indicate that non-compliance with product quality standards can cause consumer distrust and worsen the brand image that has been identified with the government subsidy program. Therefore, it is important for the government and business actors to increase transparency, supervision, and law enforcement so that the public does not feel disadvantaged and continues to trust the products they consume. This study also recommends strengthening regulations and legal counseling to the public to increase their awareness and participation in consumer protection.

Bank credit agreements are often drafted in the form of standardized clauses that are detrimental to customers because they are made unilaterally by banks without room for negotiation. This position imbalance is exacerbated by low legal literacy and information asymmetry between the two parties. This research aims to analyze the ideal form of legal protection for customers in the face of harmful standard clauses. Through a normative juridical approach and case studies, it is found that regulations such as the Consumer Protection Law and POJK have provided a legal basis, but their implementation is still weak. Ideal legal protection includes three aspects: preventive, repressive, and curative, and requires the active role of the state and OJK as supervisors. Regulatory updates, strengthened legal education, and fairer contract supervision are needed to create an equitable and inclusive financial ecosystem. Effective protection will also strengthen public confidence in the banking sector.

Crypto asset transactions in Indonesia have rapidly developed alongside financial technology advancements, yet they pose legal challenges concerning investor protection. Under Indonesian civil law, civil liability for investor losses may be based on Article 1243 and Article 1365 of the Civil Code, depending on whether the loss arises from a breach of contract or an unlawful act. Additionally, the Consumer Protection Act may serve as a legal basis in cases involving violations of consumer rights. However, the application of such liability encounters juridical obstacles, including the absence of specific regulations defining the legal status of crypto assets as legal objects, regulatory gaps regarding business actors’ obligations, and evidentiary difficulties due to the anonymous nature of digital transactions. In this context, regulatory reform is essential to establish legal certainty and effective investor protection. The regulation should include digital security standards, transparent risk disclosures, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Active roles of Bappebti and the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in oversight, as well as legal literacy for the public, are critical to creating a responsible and secure crypto asset trading ecosystem.

The International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) registration policy in Indonesia was officially implemented in 2020 through the Regulation of the Minister of Communication and Information Technology No. 1 of 2020. This policy aims to suppress the circulation of illegal telecommunications devices, increase consumer protection, and support domestic industry. This article analyzes the background, legal framework, and implementation of the IMEI registration policy, with a focus on its effectiveness, legal challenges, and implications for consumer and business rights. The study uses a normative-empirical approach. The results show that this policy provides regulatory and technological benefits, although challenges in cross-agency coordination and personal data protection are still significant.

This research aims to conduct a juridical analysis of cases of circulation of illegal cosmetic products. The method used is normative-dogmatic juridical research, which focuses on relevant legal doctrines and principles. The approach used is a conceptual approach and a statutory approach, with primary legal sources including the Health Law, BPOM Regulations, the Criminal Code (KUHP), and the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). Secondary legal sources include journals, books, and other references that support the analysis. The results show that the distribution of illegal cosmetic products that do not meet safety and quality standards, as in the case of the defendant Megawati binti Rahmat alias Mega in verdict number 39/Pid.Sus/2020/PN Slr, is a serious violation of health law and consumer protection in Indonesia. Based on the principle of liability based on the element of fault, the defendant can be held legally responsible because it is proven that she distributed cosmetics without a distribution permit containing hazardous substances such as mercury. The Panel of Judges considered that the defendant's actions fulfilled the elements of unlawful acts in accordance with Article 1365 of the Civil Code and Article 196 of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of strict law enforcement and the application of the principle of responsibility to protect public health from dangerous cosmetic products.

Indonesia's digital economy is rapidly growing with the emergence of e-commerce, fintech, and blockchain technology that facilitate cross-border transactions. However, challenges such as technological access inequality, personal data exploitation, and multinational company dominance remain major concerns. Therefore, implementing Pancasila values in digital economy governance is crucial to ensuring social justice, consumer protection, and national competitiveness. Pancasila principles, such as moral-based business ethics, consumer rights protection, digital sovereignty, and participatory regulation, must be integrated into digital economic policies. Additionally, electronic commerce regulations based on international law should align with national interests to balance digital economic growth and constitutional rights protection. Thus, Pancasila-based digital economic policies can promote inclusivity, strengthen SMEs' competitiveness, and ensure the broader welfare of society.

Drug packaging not only serves as a protective barrier for pharmaceutical products but also functions as a strategic element in conveying information and ensuring consumer rights. This study is a literature review of five journals that discuss packaging innovation, legal aspects of labeling, consumer protection, and packaging design from both technological and regulatory perspectives. The aim of this study is to compare the dimensions of innovation, information, and protection in drug packaging. A narrative review method with a qualitative descriptive approach was used. The results show that innovations such as the use of adsorbent plastic and efficiency in packaging systems significantly affect product stability and production speed. Meanwhile, the inclusion of composition details and halal labeling on packaging serves as a form of consumer protection from health risks and rights violations. It is concluded that a multidimensional approach to drug packaging is essential in creating a pharmaceutical distribution system that is efficient, safe, and ethical.

Online lending has become an increasingly popular financial solution in Indonesia, providing easy access to funds for people who are not fully served by traditional financial institutions. Despite offering many conveniences, the rapid growth of online lending brings various risks, such as the rise of illegal online loans, high interest rates, and the potential misuse of users' personal data. This research aims to analyze consumer protection in online loan transactions, by reviewing existing regulations, such as Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection, OJK Regulation No. 77/Pojk.01/2016, and the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (ITE Law). This research uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach that prioritizes legal materials in the form of laws and regulations as the main reference. Data collection techniques are carried out through library research, analyzing relevant regulations and related literature. The results show that although these regulations already exist, the implementation of supervision and law enforcement is still weak, resulting in many violations harming consumers. Stricter supervision from OJK, strict sanctions against illegal fintech providers, and increased education to the public about their rights as consumers are needed. With more effective supervision and clearer regulations, it is hoped that the online lending industry can develop healthily and provide benefits without harming consumers.

This study aims to analyze the legal protection for insurance customers in the settlement of policy claims at PT Asuransi Bumi Putera, with reference to Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The main problem faced by customers is the delay in payment of claims, which is contrary to the main purpose of insurance to compensate for losses experienced by customers. Based on available data, many claims have not been paid, indicating the non-compliance of insurance companies with their obligations. This research examines the forms of legal protection regulated in the Consumer Protection Law, particularly regarding the customer's right to obtain clear information, compensation, and dispute resolution. In addition, this study also highlights the preventive and repressive aspects of legal protection, where preventive protection aims to prevent disputes from occurring, while repressive protection provides legal avenues for aggrieved customers to obtain compensation. While the law has provided a clear basis of protection, consistent implementation and enforcement are still needed to ensure customer rights are fulfilled. This research is expected to contribute to improving legal protection for insurance customers in Indonesia, as well as encouraging insurance companies to fulfill their obligations in a timely manner in accordance with applicable regulations.

This research examines the criminal liability of debt collectors involved in forcibly seizing motorized vehicles from consumers. Such actions, often conducted by third parties representing finance companies, frequently occur without proper legal procedures and involve violence, coercion, or violations of consumer rights. The study responds to ongoing incidents where debt collectors act with force, while legal enforcement remains insufficient. Utilizing an empirical normative legal approach, the study combines a review of relevant laws—such as the Criminal Code (KUHP), Consumer Protection Law, and Financial Services Authority regulations with field research, including interviews with victims and observations in Kayubulan Village, Limboto Subdistrict, Gorontalo Regency. The findings reveal that debt collectors who repossess vehicles without official documentation, prior notification, or through intimidation may be committing criminal acts under Article 368 of the KUHP (extortion) and Article 335 (unpleasant acts). These actions clearly conflict with legal norms and consumer protection principles. The study recommends that finance institutions strengthen oversight of third-party collectors and ensure all collection activities comply with legal and ethical standards. Additionally, raising public legal awareness is essential, particularly regarding consumer rights and available legal remedies against coercion or unlawful conduct during debt collection. This dual strategy enhancing institutional accountability and empowering consumers aims to bridge the gap between law and practice, ensuring justice and legal protection in financial transactions.

This research discusses consumer rights in the case of Pertamax adulteration by PT Pertamina Patra Niaga, which involved mixing fuel with substances of lower quality than promised. This case not only economically harms consumers but also endangers user safety and undermines public trust in the products sold by the state-owned company. The research methodology employed is normative legal research with a descriptive-analytical approach, examining the legal aspects related to consumer rights violations and the effectiveness of the implementation of the Consumer Protection Law in resolving disputes. The findings indicate that weak supervision and law enforcement allowed the adulteration practices to occur. Therefore, this research suggests the need for improved oversight by the government and BPH Migas, stricter law enforcement, and consumer education to protect their rights. It is hoped that this research will contribute to the development of consumer protection in Indonesia.

This study analyzes the comparison of peer-to-peer (P2P) lending contract law in the perspective of positive law and Islamic law. Major problems in the industry include the risk of default, contract defects, and a lack of transparency. The research method used is literature research. The results show that positive laws provide a framework for consumer protection, but are often inadequate in protecting vulnerable parties. On the other hand, Islamic law emphasizes justice and the prohibition of usury, although the practice in the field is not yet fully appropriate. The study recommends collaboration between regulators and service providers to create a fair and law-abiding system. This is expected to contribute to the development of P2P lending policies and practices that are more sustainable and in accordance with sharia principles.

Consumer protection in Indonesia is regulated in Law No. 8/1999 on Consumer Protection (UUPK), which emphasizes consumers' basic rights to safe and quality goods. This research focuses on the violation of consumer rights in the “Daun Suji” brand rice oplosan case, which came to light in February 2025. The results show that the oplosan “Daun Suji” rice does not meet the promised premium rice quality standards. This resulted in a violation of consumer rights, specifically Article 4 letters b and c of the Consumer Protection Law. These violations include the right of consumers to choose goods according to exchange value and guarantees, as well as the right to correct and clear information. This fraudulent practice harms consumers who expect quality products at the price paid.

A standard agreement is a form of standard contract that is drawn up unilaterally by business actors, without providing flexibility for consumers to negotiate the content of the clauses contained therein. This characteristic creates an imbalance in the legal position between business actors and consumers, which in practice is often used to include exculpation clauses or unilateral clauses that are substantively detrimental to consumers. In the context of Indonesian law, this form of contract has become a common practice in various sectors, ranging from financial services to electronic transactions, so the urgency of legal protection for consumers has become increasingly significant. This research aims to analyze and evaluate the form of legal protection for consumers in standard agreements, based on the provisions of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and related legal instruments, including implementing regulations and relevant jurisprudence. The research approach used is normative juridistic, with data collection methods through literature studies, normative analysis of laws and regulations, and an examination of several concrete case studies that illustrate imbalances in the legal relationship between consumers and business actors. The results of the study revealed that although normative legal protection has been regulated quite firmly, especially in the provisions regarding the prohibition of the inclusion of clauses that are detrimental or misleading to consumers, various structural and cultural obstacles are still found in its implementation. These obstacles include weak supervision mechanisms for business actors, limited consumer access to legal understanding, and suboptimal role of consumer dispute resolution institutions. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen regulations through more operational legal instruments, increase the capacity of supervisory institutions, and mainstream consumer legal literacy as a long-term strategy in realizing a fair, effective, and sustainable consumer protection system.

The rapid development of information technology has significantly driven the growth of e-commerce as one of the main channels in modern commercial activities. In the beauty product sector, digital platforms offer consumers easier access and simultaneously expand market reach for business actors. However, this advancement also brings various challenges, particularly in relation to consumer protection. Common issues include product authenticity, information transparency, transaction security, and dispute resolution mechanisms. In this context, legal protection for consumers has become an urgent matter that cannot be overlooked. This study aims to analyze the forms of legal protection available to consumers of beauty products in e-commerce transactions and to assess the effectiveness of existing regulations in addressing these challenges. Using a normative juridical approach, the study evaluates relevant legislation, such as Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, along with other regulations related to electronic transactions. The findings reveal that although legal instruments have been established to safeguard consumer rights, their implementation still encounters obstacles, including limited supervision of online business actors and low consumer literacy regarding their rights. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen regulations, improve consumer education, and optimize the roles of supervisory and dispute resolution institutions. In this way, the consumer protection system in the e-commerce sector—particularly for beauty products—can operate more effectively and provide a greater sense of security for the public in conducting digital transactions.