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This study is motivated by the importance of information literacy among students in using the Shopee e-commerce platform. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of information literacy of 2022 cohort students at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, in using the platform e-commerce Shopee. This research employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The population in this study consists of all 2022 cohort students of the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, totaling 1,208 students, with a sample of 92 respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique based on the Slovin formula. Data collection in this study was conducted using a questionnaire developed based on the The Seven Faces of Information Literacy model, which was distributed online via WhatsApp in the form of Google Forms and directly through QR codes.Based on the confidence interval calculation, the average level of students’ information literacy falls within the range of 3.05 < μ < 3.27, indicating that the information literacy level of 2022 cohort students in using the platform e-commerce Shopee at the Faculty of Languages and Arts, Padang State University, is categorized as high. In general, it can be concluded that students have a good level of information literacy, particularly in aspects of information technology use, utilization of information sources, information searching processes, information control, knowledge construction, knowledge development, and wisdom in using information on the Shopee e-commerce platform.

The death of a Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) student allegedly linked to police action raises significant legal issues concerning the limits of the use of force and the construction of criminal liability. This study aims to reformulate the elements of assault resulting in death by integrating the objective element (actus reus) and the subjective element (mens rea) within the framework of the doctrines of dolus and culpa. It also seeks to develop a model of criminal liability analysis that is more transparent, accountable, and oriented toward the protection of a child’s right to life. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, supported by a literature review of legislation, court decisions, and criminal law scholarship. Data are analyzed qualitatively through grammatical, systematic, and teleological interpretation. The findings indicate that proving the act and the resulting death alone is insufficient without clearly establishing the form of fault. The distinction between dolus eventualis and culpa lata constitutes a decisive factor in determining the classification of the offense and the degree of criminal liability. Ambiguity in identifying the spectrum of fault may lead to sentencing disparities and weaken the principle of geen straf zonder schuld (no punishment without fault). Therefore, this study proposes a reconstruction of the elements of the offense that places proof of mens rea at the center of assessing police accountability while ensuring the protection of the child’s right to life.

Indonesia is in an earthquake-prone region, therefore, designing building constructions that can withstand seismic loads is crucial in civil engineering. Reinforced concrete shear walls are one of the vertical structural fundamentals that are effectively used in multi-story buildings to withstand lateral forces due to earthquake and wind loads. Structures that use shear walls can increase stiffness and reduce horizontal deviations (deflections) of buildings, which contribute to the stability and safety of structures based on the SNI 1726:2019 standard. This study aims to analyze the effect of shear wall configurations on deviation and torsion requirements in multi-story building planning. The study object is a 6-story reinforced concrete building model in a specific earthquake zone. The design and modeling were performed using structural analysis software, taking into account columns, beams, slabs, and shear walls. The analysis results show that optimal placement of shear walls at the building edges significantly reduces horizontal drift, torsion, and shear forces, and improves the structural performance level compared to structures without shear walls or those with less effective placement. Structures with shear walls have optimal stiffness in absorbing lateral forces, making them more resistant to damage from the planned earthquake.

Time delays and cost overruns remain major problems in building construction projects, particularly in concrete structural works that dominate project duration and cost. This study aims to evaluate the application of re-engineering in concrete structural work methods on the time and cost performance of multi-storey building projects. A quantitative approach using a case study method was employed through comparative analysis between the existing method and alternative methods. The analyzed alternatives include ready-mix concrete with Sika Viscocrete 8007 admixture and semi-system formwork as Alternative I, ready-mix concrete with system formwork as Alternative II, and ready-mix concrete with Sika Viscocrete 8007 admixture combined with system formwork as Alternative III. The results show that all alternatives perform better than the existing method with a duration of 243 days. Alternative I reduced the duration to 208 days with cost efficiency of IDR 55,781,730 or 0.214 percent. Alternative II reduced the duration to 203 days with cost efficiency of IDR 187,553,261 or 0.724 percent. Alternative III achieved the best performance with a duration of 168 days, accelerating 75 days and providing the highest cost efficiency of IDR 243,334,991 or 0.941 percent. The study concludes that re-engineering effectively improves project time and cost performance, with Alternative III as the optimal method.

This research aims to design and develop a prototype wave power plant that utilizes the vertical motion of a buoy as a source of mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy using a recoil starter mechanism. The system is designed to be installed at the stern of a prototype ship. The vertical movement of the buoy caused by ocean waves is transmitted to the recoil starter through a drive rope, producing a stable one-way rotational motion. This rotation is further transmitted to a gearbox to increase rotational speed before driving a DC generator. The electrical energy generated is stored in a 12 VDC battery, supported by a buck–booster converter to stabilize the output voltage. This study employs an experimental engineering approach to evaluate system performance based on empirical test data. The main components of the system include a buoy as a wave energy collector, a recoil starter as the initial rotating mechanism, a DC generator as the electrical energy producer, a buck–booster converter as a voltage regulator, a 12 VDC battery as an energy storage unit, and a monitoring system based on an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a PZEM-017 sensor. Experimental results show that the recoil starter operates effectively in driving the generator under both no- load and buoy-loaded conditions. Increases in generator rotational speed are directly proportional to increases in output voltage and current. The PZEM-017 sensor demonstrates a high level of measurement accuracy, approaching 100% when compared with a multimeter. Overall, the proposed wave power generation system functions reliably and shows potential for further development as a small-scale alternative renewable energy source.

This study aims to analyze the management of Ikhwanul Ikhlas Wisata Travel in Medan in terms of pilgrim recruitment processes, manasik guidance patterns, assistance systems in the Holy Land, as well as indicators and evaluation of customer satisfaction. The background of this study is based on the increasing competition among Umrah travel agencies, which requires professional, transparent, and customer-oriented services to build trust and loyalty. In this context, Ikhwanul Ikhlas Wisata becomes an interesting case due to its consistency in guiding pilgrims from the initial stage to post-return.This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with three key informants representing management, the company director, and marketing personnel. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to obtain a comprehensive understanding of Umrah travel management practices.The findings reveal that Ikhwanul Ikhlas Wisata implements a recruitment system that emphasizes transparency in package information, costs, facilities, and departure schedules. Manasik guidance is conducted through both theoretical and practical sessions on a regular basis and supported by competent tour leaders and mutawwif. Customer satisfaction is measured through indicators such as repeat participation, recommendations to family or relatives, and post-return testimonials. The evaluation of satisfaction is utilized as a foundation for continuous improvement in recruitment strategies, guidance patterns, and service quality.

The rapid development of digital technology has fostered an instant culture that prioritizes results over processes, leading to a diminished appreciation of character formation through persistence and repetition. This study aims to examine scriptwriting strategies in the production of a feature video entitled “Ballet: Repeated Steps, Formed Self” as a representation of the value of process in character development. This research employs a qualitative practice-based approach, focusing on the stages of pre-production, production, and post-production, particularly the role of the scriptwriter in constructing the narrative structure. The findings indicate that the application of a human interest approach through the integration of interviews, practice visuals, and voice-over narration produces a reflective and communicative storytelling experience. Furthermore, the systematic use of a three-act structure proves effective in organizing the dramatic flow, enabling audiences to better understand the conveyed message. Scriptwriting serves as the fundamental framework in guiding narrative construction and audiovisual integration. The implications of this study suggest that well-planned scriptwriting strategies can enhance message delivery in social issue-based feature video production while reinforcing the role of audiovisual media as a reflective medium for understanding the value of process in contemporary society.

A building feasibility evaluation study is an important step to ensure the safety, comfort, and sustainability of building functions, especially in public service facilities. This activity was carried out at the PLN ULP Praya office building, Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, which has been operating since 1985. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of building feasibility based on structural, architectural, utility, safety, and health aspects of the building. The methods used included visual inspection, field measurements, hammer tests, and analysis of the condition of building elements based on building feasibility inspection standards. The inspection results showed that the building suffered severe damage characterized by foundation subsidence, large cracks in the walls, reinforcement corrosion, concrete peeling, and damage to the roof frame. The structural strength value obtained was below the construction feasibility standard so that the building was declared structurally unfit for function. Although several supporting aspects such as lighting, drainage, and sanitation systems still functioned quite well, the damaged condition of the main structure has the potential to endanger the safety of users. Therefore, rebuilding the building structure is recommended as the safest solution to ensure the safety, stability, and sustainability of the building's function in the future.

The rapid development of AI-assisted programming has encouraged the emergence of vibe coding, an approach to software development in which developers focus more on formulating intentions, contexts, and constraints through prompts rather than writing code manually. However, existing evaluations of AI-generated code still tend to emphasize functional correctness and productivity, and therefore have not fully addressed the relationship between user intent, technical code reliability, and developers’ understanding of the generated artifacts. This study aims to propose a new evaluation method called TD-VCEM (Three-Dimensional Vibe Coding Evaluation Method) to assess vibe coding practices in a more comprehensive and auditable manner. The proposed method consists of three primary dimensions: Intent Alignment to evaluate the conformity of code with prompt requirements, Code Reliability to assess the technical quality of the generated code, and Developer Cognition to measure developers’ understanding of AI-generated code. TD-VCEM is designed through several stages, including prompt decomposition, prompt-to-code traceability matrix, code reliability assessment, and developer cognition evaluation. Each dimension employs indicator-based scoring rubrics normalized on a scale of 0–100, enabling the construction of a Vibe Coding Evaluation Score (VCES). This study does not present empirical experimental results; instead, it offers a methodological framework that can serve as a foundation for evaluating AI-generated code in modern software engineering environments. The proposed TD-VCEM is expected to improve review process transparency, reduce security risks, strengthen software maintainability, and ensure that developers maintain control and understanding of AI-generated code artifacts.

This article aims to analyze the regulation of unfair contract terms from the perspective of civil law and to examine the issues and efforts to strengthen consumer protection in Indonesia. The main issue raised is how the legal construction of unfair clauses in standard contracts and the extent of regulatory effectiveness in protecting consumers from bargaining position imbalances. This research uses a normative juridical method with a legislative and conceptual approach, thru the analysis of the Civil Code, Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, as well as related regulations such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Personal Data Protection Law. The research results show that although Indonesian positive law has imposed restrictions on standard clauses that harm consumers, particularly thru Article 18 of the Consumer Protection Law, the practice of unfair contract terms still prevails due to weak law enforcement, low consumer literacy, and the dominance of business actors in contract drafting. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen consumer protection thru regulatory harmonization, increased effectiveness of supervision and law enforcement, as well as the development of transparent and fair contracts. Thus, consumer protection is not only formal but also capable of ensuring substantive justice in contractual relationships

 The phenomenon of identity crisis in the era of social media has become an increasing evident existential problem in contemporary human life. Individuals tend to construct their identities based on external recognition, such as social validation, popularity, and digital representations that are often unstable. This article aims to examine this identity crisis trough a medieval perspective, particularly the thought of Agustine of Hippo. Using a qualitative method, this study explores the concept of inquietum cor (the restless heart) and the idea of human beings as creatures who find their fulfillment only in relation to God. The findings show that the identity crisis in the social media era can be understood as a form of human alienation from the true source of meaning. When identity is built upon temporal and external elements, individuals experience restslessness, dissatisfaction, and a loss of life direction. Agustine’s thought offers a reflective framework in which true identity is transcendent and rooted in a relationship with God as the highest good (summum bonum). Thus, Agustine’s philosophy remains relevant as a critique of the shallow construction of modern identity, as well as a proposed solution for building a more authentic and meaningful identity amid the currents of digitalization.

A single paragraph, maximum 250 words. Abstract content must contain (1) an overview of the object of research, (2) problems, and research objectives, (3) proposed methods, (4) main findings and results and synthesis of main ideas, and (5) conclusions. In recent years, the Iran–United States conflict has not only unfolded within the geopolitical arena but has also been intensively constructed through international media framing that shapes how global audiences understand this reality. In the context of the digital information overflow, media no longer function merely as conveyors of facts; rather, they act as agents that construct meaning, evoke emotions, and shape the social perceptions of audiences. This study aims to analyze how international media framing constructs representations of the Iran–United States conflict and how audiences interpret such discourse within their social experiences. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) design. Data were collected through document analysis of 25 news articles from both Western and non-Western media, as well as exploratory interviews with nine participants from academic backgrounds. Data analysis was conducted using a thematic approach based on Norman Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The findings reveal three main patterns: the construction of threat through media language, moral polarization that produces a dichotomy of “us versus them,” and the negotiation of meaning by audiences, which is reflective and not always linear. These findings indicate that audiences are not entirely passive; rather, they actively interpret and, at times, question media framing. Theoretically, this study extends Critical Discourse Analysis by incorporating the dimension of audience experience into the discursive process. Practically, it underscores the importance of critical media literacy in navigating the complexity of global information and opens avenues for further exploration of the relationship between discourse, power, and social experience.

Marriage in Islamic law constitutes a sacred covenant (mīthāqan ghalīẓan) that carries theological, social, and juridical dimensions. Within this framework, the guardian (walī nikāḥ) plays a pivotal role whose legal status has long been contested across Islamic jurisprudential schools. This study examines the authority of the marriage guardian from three analytical layers: its doctrinal construction across the four major madhabs, its codification in Indonesian positive law, and its practical implementation in religious court jurisprudence. Employing a normative legal research method, this study draws on conceptual, statutory, and case approaches, with primary legal materials comprising Qur’anic verses, prophetic traditions, Law No. 1 of 1974, the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), and Ministerial Regulation (PMA) No. 30 of 2024. The findings reveal fundamental differences among the madhabs: the Shāfi‘ī, Mālikī, and Ḥanbalī schools treat the guardian as an essential pillar (rukun) of the marriage contract, whereas the Ḥanafī school views guardianship as a complementary element based on the concept of legal capacity (ahliyyah). Indonesian positive law, through Article 19 of the KHI, adopts the Shāfi‘ī position by designating the guardian as an obligatory rukun. The study further finds that the mechanisms of walī ‘aḍal (recalcitrant guardian) and wakalah al-walī (delegation of guardianship) serve as legal instruments that reconcile formal-procedural requirements with practical social needs, thereby affirming that guardianship norms function both as a religious requirement and as a state-administered mechanism for protecting women’s rights in marriage.

The accelerating global ecological crisis, manifested in deforestation, biodiversity collapse, and extreme climate change, fundamentally reflects a deep-rooted moral and spiritual deterioration within modern humanity. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) holds a unique strategic position to address this crisis by systematically integrating naturalistic intelligence, the eighth dimension of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory, into the character formation process of students. This qualitative library research employs content analysis and conceptual analysis techniques applied to relevant primary and secondary academic sources published between 2019 and 2026. The study pursues three objectives: (1) to examine the conceptual and theological foundations of naturalistic intelligence within the Islamic educational framework; (2) to identify the reciprocal relationship patterns between naturalistic intelligence and the formation of religious-ecological character in students; and (3) to formulate integrative Islamic education management strategies for optimizing naturalistic intelligence. Findings reveal that naturalistic intelligence possesses robust theological grounding in Islamic tradition, anchored in the concepts of tafakkur, ayat kauniyah, khalifatullah fil ardh, and scientia sacra, none of which are peripheral but rather central to the Islamic worldview. The relationship between naturalistic intelligence and religious-ecological character is bidirectional and mutually reinforcing, operating through three sequential pathways: from naturalistic intelligence to theological consciousness, from theological consciousness to intrinsic ecological motivation, and from intrinsic motivation to consistent religious-ecological behavior. Islamic education management can optimize naturalistic intelligence development through four strategic pillars: reconstruction of the PAI curriculum based on ayat kauniyah, development of innovative eco-theological pedagogy, construction of an eco-conscious school culture, and strengthening of school-family-community partnerships. This study advances the concept of "Spiritual Eco-Literacy" as an original paradigmatic contribution to 21st-century Islamic education.

This study examines the construction of da'wah methodology in the Qur’an based on Imam Ibn Kathir’s interpretation in Tafsir Al-Qur’an Al-‘Azhim. The research focuses on Qur’anic verses that explain the commands, principles, and methods of da'wah practiced by the prophets and messengers. Using a library research method, this study places Tafsir Ibn Kathir as the primary source, supported by relevant tafsir works and academic literature. The findings show that the Qur’anic da'wah methodology, according to Ibn Kathir, follows a universal and consistent pattern grounded in tawhid, wisdom, good advice, and courteous dialogue. The da'wah of the prophets shares a common objective, namely inviting people to worship Allah alone, obey His commands, and follow the messengers sent to them. The novelty of this study lies in its systematic formulation of Qur’anic da'wah methodology through Ibn Kathir’s classical interpretation, revealing the continuity of da'wah principles across prophetic generations. The study also emphasizes that effective da'wah depends on the suitability of methods to audience conditions and the moral example of the da’i. Therefore, this methodological construction is both normative and practical for contemporary da'wah challenges. It strengthens understanding of prophetic communication ethics in responding to diverse social and religious contexts today. This research contributes to the development of da'wah and tafsir studies and may serve as a conceptual reference for Qur’an-based da'wah practice.

This article critically examines the training program document for mentors of First Communion candidates at St. Paul Pringgolayan Parish as an institutional religious text. The study employs Peter L. Berger’s theory of the social construction of reality and Michel Foucault’s discourse analysis of power as its analytical framework. Using a qualitative interpretive method, the research conducts an in-depth textual analysis of the document’s narrative structure, normative language, actor relations, and mechanisms of legitimation. The findings reveal that the text is not merely a plan and report of pastoral activities; it also functions as an institutional apparatus that reproduces religious reality while shaping subjects of faith through pedagogical, ritual, and administrative systems. This article argues that pastoral documents can be understood as pastoral social technologies that operate through language to structure religious experience, regulate the distribution of authority, and instill norms of faith practice. These findings contribute to the sociology of religion by demonstrating how faith formation practices at the local level constitute a concrete locus of interaction between the construction of religious meaning and the operation of discursive power.

The development of generative artificial intelligence has given rise to a new form of digital-based sexual violence through the spread of sexual deepfakes, non-consensual synthetic sexual representations that can attack the dignity, privacy, sexual autonomy, and sense of security of victims. This threat becomes even more serious when targeting students and educators because it not only harms individuals but also disrupts the integrity and security of educational spaces. This study aims to analyze the construction of Indonesian criminal law in ensnaring the spread of sexual deepfakes in educational environments, identify weaknesses in its regulations, and formulate a more ideal reconstruction of criminal liability. The method used is normative legal research with a qualitative descriptive approach, through a literature review of laws and regulations, scientific literature, and relevant documents related to deepfakes, electronic-based sexual violence, and legal protection in educational environments. The results of the discussion indicate that Indonesian positive laws, such as the ITE Law, the TPKS Law, the Pornography Law, the Personal Data Protection Law, and educational regulations, have essentially provided a normative basis for prosecuting such acts, but they are still partial, fragmented, and do not explicitly regulate sexual deepfakes as a separate crime. Therefore, a reconstruction of criminal liability is needed that explicitly recognizes non-consensual synthetic sexual representation as a crime, expands the forms of punishable acts, provides for greater severity in the context of educational relations, and comprehensively integrates criminal penalties with victim protection and recovery. Keywords: sexual deepfakes, criminal liability, students, educators, digital-based sexual violence.

This study aims to examine the normative construction and practical implementation of criminal sanctions against narcotics abusers from the perspectives of Islamic criminal law and Indonesian positive law, as well as to formulate an integrative policy model that is more just, humane, and context-sensitive in Bungo Regency. Narcotics abuse constitutes a multidimensional problem involving legal, social, moral, and public health dimensions. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is required to integrate the normative values of Islamic criminal law with the national legal system. This research employs a normative-empirical approach using comparative legal analysis, examining statutory regulations, doctrines of Islamic criminal law, and law enforcement practices at the local level. The findings indicate that Islamic criminal law frames narcotics abuse within the protection of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly the preservation of intellect (ḥifẓ al-‘aql) and life (ḥifẓ al-nafs), thereby emphasizing not only punitive but also educational and rehabilitative orientations through the instrument of ta‘zīr. Meanwhile, Indonesian positive law, particularly Law No. 35 of 2009 on Narcotics, provides legal space for rehabilitation; however, its implementation still encounters structural and cultural challenges. This study concludes that integrating Islamic criminal law principles with the national legal framework may produce a more responsive sentencing model that upholds substantive justice, human rights protection, and effective narcotics control. Policy reformulation grounded in religious values, restorative approaches, and social rehabilitation is recommended as a strategic direction for national criminal law reform.

Texts depicting violence in the Old Testament, particularly Joshua 6:1–27, are often cited as evidence that the Bible legitimizes divine violence and genocide. This study aims to analyze the narrative of the conquest of Jericho through a historical-critical approach by integrating narrative structure analysis, historical-religious context, and a conceptual study of herem. The method used is a literature review with a qualitative approach that situates the text within the context of the Ancient Near East. The results of the study indicate that Joshua 6 is a systematically constructed theological narrative intended to affirm YHWH’s sovereignty as the Warrior-God and His faithfulness to the covenant with Israel. The concept of herem does not merely signify annihilation but functions as a mechanism for the sanctification of the people and the affirmation of covenantal identity in the face of the threat of syncretism. Furthermore, the use of war language in this text reflects the hyperbolic rhetoric characteristic of ancient literature, and thus cannot be read literally as a legitimization of modern violence. Consequently, a historical-critical reading affirms that this narrative is not a justification for genocide, but rather a theological construction that serves to shape the identity of faith and the understanding of God’s holiness and sovereignty in the history of Israel.

The Constitutional Court Decision Number 105/PUU-XXII/2024 has significantly reshaped the legal construction of defamation provisions under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (EIT Law), particularly by limiting the interpretation of the phrase “other persons” to natural persons (natuurlijk persoon) only. This study aims to analyze the implications of the decision on legal certainty as well as its impact on litigation practices and legal protection for legal entities in Indonesia. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that the decision enhances legal certainty by clarifying previously ambiguous norms that often led to the criminalization of freedom of expression. However, the restriction of legal subjects has shifted the legal protection mechanism for legal entities from criminal to civil remedies under Article 1365 of the Civil Code. This shift poses challenges in terms of effectiveness, particularly due to more complex litigation processes and the lack of deterrent effect compared to criminal sanctions. Therefore, a balanced approach is required between protecting freedom of expression and safeguarding institutional reputation, alongside strengthening regulations and public legal awareness to achieve justice, legal certainty, and legal utility.