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This study aims to calculate the unit Cost of echocardiography services at RSAL dr. Oetojo Sorong, West Papua, using the Activity-Based Costing (ABC) method and compare it with the applied INA-CBG’s tariff. The research method employed is a quantitative descriptive approach focusing on direct Cost analysis, overhead Costs, and Cost allocation based on activities. The data used includes primary data obtained from direct observation and interviews, as well as secondary data such as financial reports and hospital medical records. The results show that the unit Cost of echocardiography services calculated using the ABC method is higher than the INA-CBG’s tariff, indicating a disparity between the standard tariff and actual Costs. The application of the ABC method provides significant benefits to RSAL dr. Oetojo Sorong, such as identifying Cost-intensive activities, improving operational efficiency, and providing transparency in Cost management. This study also recommends that hospital management evaluate service tariffs and that BPJS Kesehatan review the alignment of INA-CBG’s tariffs with the actual Costs of healthcare services.

The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) in Indonesia is still high and is a major challenge in the health system, especially in the labor phase. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the BPJS patient labor referral system in reducing MMR at the Gunung Tinggi Health Center. The study used a qualitative method with a case study approach to health workers at the Gunung Tinggi Health Center. The results of the study showed that the availability of competent health workers, adequate facilities and infrastructure, and a referral system integrated with BPJS have made a positive contribution to labor services. However, challenges were still found in the form of late responses from referral hospitals, geographical constraints, and low public health literacy regarding the importance of referrals. This study concludes that strengthening the coordination system between facilities and educating the community is very important in increasing the effectiveness of the referral system and reducing maternal mortality.  

Non-formulary drug utilization in Harapan Kita Children’s and Mother’s Hospital presents a substantial challenge in healthcare cost management, especially for patients enrolled in the BPJS health insurance program. Given its status as a national referral hospital, Harapan Kita Children’s and Mother’s Hospital encounters a high prevalence of complex maternal and child health cases requiring the use of medications beyond the scope of the national formulary. This research endeavor seeks to examine the patterns and consequences of non-formulary drug use within this context. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative methods, to evaluate the impact of an sosialisation intervention and audit clinic on physician compliance with formulary drug use. A pre-test and post-test design was employed to measure changes in non-formulary drug utilization. Findings indicated a statistically significant decrease in non-formulary drug use from 18% to 13% post-intervention. The integration of a clinical pathway and tailored physician training was instrumental in achieving improved formulary adherence. Given these results, it is recommended to broaden training and surveillance programs, strengthen technological support through the implementation of formulary information systems, and undertake longitudinal research to assess the long-term sustainability of the intervention's effects..

This study aims to determine and evaluate the BPJS Health Service Policy in the VIP Room of Edelweiss, Dr. M. M. Dunda Limboto Regional General Hospital, Gorontalo Regency. The research method used is qualitative descriptive. The results of the study indicate that several indicators of the effectiveness of the BPJS Health service policy in the VIP Room of Edelweiss, Dr. M. M. Dunda Limboto Regional General Hospital have not been running optimally. In terms of effectiveness, the administrative procedures are still considered unclear and not easy by patients and families, especially with the time limit for processing BPJS only 3 x 24 hours. The adequacy indicator is running quite well, but administrative information is only delivered verbally without written support, so patients or their families often have to ask again for the information needed. In terms of equality, although there are differences in facilities and comfort between the VIP room and the general care room, equality in processing BPJS administration is maintained. Responsiveness is considered good; administrative officers are considered fast and precise in providing solutions to obstacles faced by patients. However, in the accuracy indicator, some informants felt that the time given for administrative management was not yet in accordance with needs, especially for patient families who live far away or have other activities. This indicates the need for a re-evaluation of the time provisions and the delivery of more complete and written information.

This study aims to identify forms of violations of the right to health services in the implementation of BPJS Kesehatan, analyze the factors that cause them, and formulate preventive and limiting solutions. The research used a descriptive qualitative approach with in-depth interviews with six informants who were active BPJS Health participants in Tanjung Sari, East Jambi. The results showed that there was service discrimination in the form of different treatment between BPJS patients and general patients, patient rejection, administrative obstacles in emergency situations, and unavailability of drugs and medical facilities. Contributing factors include unequal distribution of health facilities, limited human resources, and a weak monitoring system. The experiences of BPJS participants confirm the gap between the program's objectives and the reality on the ground, reflecting a denial of the state's obligation to guarantee citizens' health rights. Comprehensive efforts are needed, including public education, administrative simplification, equitable distribution of health facilities, enforcement of strict sanctions, and active community involvement to realize quality and equitable health services.

Law enforcement against criminal acts of companies that do not pay and deposit BPJS contributions based on the Social Security Organizing Agency Law. To determine and analyze the factors that influence the enforcement of criminal acts against companies that do not pay and deposit contributions to the Social Security Organizing Agency. Where this research method is normative juridical and empirical juridical. Normative juridical research is conducted by examining library materials or secondary materials only. This research is also carried out by describing, examining and explaining and analyzing normative provisions associated with the research nisi. While empirical research is based on the reality that researchers get in the field. From the results of this study it is known that the application of criminal sanctions against companies that are in arrears of employment social security contributions in Gorontalo Province has not shown optimal effectiveness or in other words less effective, this is based on the findings showing that the application of criminal sanctions against violations of participation in the employment social security program has not been effective, because 64.48% of workers have not received the protection of the program. Factors that influence companies that do not pay and deposit contributions to the Social Security Organizing Agency, namely: Economic and Financial Factors of the Company, Level of Knowledge and Compliance, Perception of Benefits and Risks, Access and Ease of Payment, Law Enforcement and Sanctions, Social and Cultural Factors.

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategies implemented by non-BPJS private hospitals in increasing revenue and competitiveness amidst the dominance of BPJS services in Indonesia. Private hospitals face challenges in attracting patients due to the perception of high service costs and limited public access. However, they have advantages in speed of service, modern facilities, and direct access to specialists. This study uses a literature review method with a content analysis approach to various secondary sources such as scientific journals, industry reports, and policy documents. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of a marketing strategy based on the 7P marketing mix concept (product, price, place, promotion, people, process, physical evidence), digital marketing, and customer relationship management through Customer Relationship Management (CRM) are key to increasing patient attraction and loyalty. Collaboration with private insurance also provides added value through ease of payment and access to premium health services. This study provides recommendations for hospitals in developing adaptive, holistic, and patient satisfaction-oriented marketing strategies.

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality , brand image , and trust on the loyalty of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participants in the Non-Wage Recipient (BPU) segment at the Situbondo Branch, with satisfaction as a mediating variable. The research method uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques and data collection through questionnaires distributed to 110 respondents who have been active participants for more than six months. Data analysis was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The results of the study indicate that service quality and trust have a significant effect on satisfaction, while brand image does not have a significant effect. Meanwhile, trust and satisfaction have a significant effect on loyalty, while service quality and brand image do not. Satisfaction is also proven to mediate the effect of trust on loyalty, but does not significantly mediate other variables. This finding implies that increasing participant trust and satisfaction is the main key in building BPU participant loyalty at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Situbondo.

The National Health Insurance (JKN) program, administered by BPJS Kesehatan, has significantly expanded public access to healthcare services, particularly inpatient care. This study aims to analyze inpatient JKN reimbursement patterns at Surakarta General Government Hospital during the period of 2020 to 2024. The analysis focuses on five main variables: INA-CBGs grouping codes, class of care, severity level, INA-CBGs tariff, and actual hospital costs. A descriptive-analytic method with a quantitative approach was employed, utilizing secondary data extracted from the INA-CBGs system. The results indicate that inpatient reimbursements were predominantly concentrated in Class 3 services (64%–70%) and severity level 1 (45%–59%). From 2020 to 2022, respiratory-related cases dominated, likely due to the COVID-19 pandemic, while in 2023–2024 a shift occurred toward non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular and metabolic conditions. A consistent negative tariff gap was identified, particularly in Class 3 and severity level 1, where INA-CBGs reimbursements were insufficient to cover actual service costs. These findings underscore the importance of periodic review of INA-CBGs tariff structures, reinforcement of Quality and Cost Control (KMKB), and optimization of reimbursement management information systems to enhance service efficiency and ensure the financial sustainability of JKN, especially in Type C hospitals that serve as the primary level of healthcare delivery.

This study aims to analyze the effect of e-service quality and e-trust Whatsapp Reminder on customer loyalty of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Banyuwangi Regency with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. In the digital era, technology-based services are a key factor in improving customer experience, especially in social security services. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method involving 100 respondents of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Banyuwangi Regency participants who have used the Whatsapp Reminder service. Data was collected through questionnaire methods and direct interview sampling and then analyzed using the Smart PLS method. This Smart PLS analysis method used to analyze data is the value of Path Coefficients, P-value, and T-Statistics. The results showed that e-service quality and e-trust Whatsapp Reminder have a positive and significant influence on customer satisfaction. In addition, customer satisfaction acts as a mediator that strengthens the relationship between e-service quality and e-trust Whatsapp Reminder on customer loyalty. Thus, improving the quality of digital services and trust in the WhatsApp Reminder system contribute directly to BPJS Ketenagakerjaan customer loyalty. These findings provide implications for service managers for BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participants to continue to improve digital service quality and build customer trust in order to maintain loyalty in the long term.

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of transformational leadership style and compensation on employee performance through organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) at the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan Banyuwangi Branch Office. The research employs a quantitative approach using questionnaires for data collection and is tested using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method with the WarpPLS 7.0 application. The results of the study indicate that: 1. Transformational leadership style has a positive effect on OCB at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan KC Banyuwangi. 2. Compensation has a positive effect on OCB. 3. Transformational leadership style has a positive effect on employee performance. 4. Compensation has a positive effect on employee performance. 5. OCB has a positive effect on employee performance. 6. OCB mediates the influence of transformational leadership style on employee performance. 7. OCB mediates the influence of compensation on employee performance. These findings provide guidance for organizations in managing leadership, compensation, and work culture to improve employee performance. From an academic perspective, this study enriches theories on leadership, compensation, OCB, and employee performance by providing empirical evidence that OCB plays a mediating role in these relationships.

The JKN mobile application in Semarang City in 2021 has been used by 228,965 people, while it is not comparable to BPJS Health participants, which amounted to 2,664,532 people and if it is percented, only 11% of JKN mobile users. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of JKN mobile service quality on user satisfaction. This research was conducted using a quantitative cross-sectional design. The sample size was calculated using the Lameshow formula and the results obtained were 385 respondents with the inclusion criteria of JKN mobile users at the Semarang State University Service Center. This research was conducted from September to December 2024. The results showed that the core scale of service quality that has an influence on user satisfaction is efficiency (p value 0.000) and reliability (p value 0.005). The core scale of service quality that has no influence on satisfaction is fulfillment (p value 0.068) and confidentiality (p value 0.404).

Admission services in the emergency department (IGD) are an important part of hospital operations that require effective management to support health services. Optimal medical record management requires human resource planning according to actual workload. This research was conducted to analyze the need for admission registration at the Duren Sawit Regional Special Hospital (RSKD) with a quantitative approach using descriptive methods. The research results show that RSKD Duren Sawit has Standard Operational Procedures (SPO) which refer to Minister of Health Regulation No. 33 of 2015 in planning health human resource needs (HRK). Health workload analysis indicates that the ideal requirement is seven admissions officers, while currently only five officers are available, so there is a shortage of two officers. Factors that influence the workload of admission registration include: Man, namely the limited number of officers in the medical records unit, Machine, namely the BPJS server down and power outages, Material, namely the mixed admissions work room with the cashier so the medical record files are still in one room, Method, namely the HR application process at RSKD Duren Sawit found no obstacles, Money, namely there is no budget planning for additional officers in the medical records unit.

The National Health Insurance Program (JKN) organized by BPJS Health aims to improve access and quality of health services for all levels of Indonesian society. This research examines the effectiveness of the JKN program, with a focus on the use of the JKN mobile application, program implementation in health facilities, and factors that influence service quality. Based on case studies in several regions, the research results show that the JKN mobile application makes it easy for participants to access health-related services and information, although there are still obstacles such as a lack of public understanding of the application and technical problems. Apart from that, health services in hospitals and community health centers still face challenges such as a shortage of medical personnel, delays in services, and timeliness in administrative processes. Although the JKN program has expanded access to services, challenges in equal distribution of service quality and health resources still need to be overcome. Overall, the JKN program plays an important role in improving people's health and welfare, but improvements are needed in terms of community understanding, infrastructure and service efficiency to achieve more optimal and equitable health goals throughout Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the fulfillment of National Health Insurance Rights (JKN) for workers who experience Termination of Employment (PHK) at PT. FI and evaluate the regulation of JKN rights after layoffs that provide justice for workers. The method used is normative legal research with a qualitative approach, which includes the selection and classification of legal materials as well as normative analysis of relevant regulations. Based on field findings, this study shows that there are administrative errors in reporting the status of layoffs that cause delays in fulfilling health insurance rights for laid-off workers. In addition, this study also found that even though the post-layoff JKN regulation has been regulated in the law, improper implementation can hinder the granting of rights fairly. This study recommends simplifying reporting procedures, increasing supervision by BPJS Kesehatan, and further education for companies to avoid administrative errors. Thus, this study contributes to the understanding of the importance of social justice in regulating health insurance for laid-off workers.

Changes in the health insurance system in Indonesia continue to evolve, one of which is implementing the Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) policy as a replacement for the BPJS Health class system based on Presidential Regulation (Perpres) Number 59 of 2024. This policy is designed to unify healthcare classes to reduce disparities in healthcare access and quality in Indonesia. However, its implementation is faced with key challenges, including hospital infrastructure readiness, limited human resources, and criticism from various parties, including patients and healthcare providers. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods to review various policy documents, relevant literature, and legal and social perspectives related to policy implementation. The results show that although KRIS has the potential to reduce disparities in access to health services, its implementation requires more attention to the readiness of health facilities, strengthening management systems, and budget adjustments to support optimal operations. Furthermore, this policy requires the active involvement of the community and health workers in the evaluation and decision-making process so that the policy is more responsive to the real needs in the field. The theoretical approaches used, such as public policy theory and progressive law, highlight the importance of cooperation between the government, healthcare providers, and communities to ensure effective and equitable implementation of KRIS. This research suggests improving hospital infrastructure, continuous training for health workers, and strengthening a transparent monitoring system to ensure the success of this policy. This research is expected to make a positive contribution to the formulation of health policies that are more inclusive and sustainable and can serve as a reference in efforts to realize a more equitable and fair health service system for all Indonesians.

This research analyzes the satisfaction level of PERISAI agents regarding BPJS Ketenagakerjaan regulations at the Darmo Surabaya Branch Office. The PERISAI program, launched in 2018, represents a strategic innovation in the agency system to expand membership, particularly in the Non-Wage Recipient (BPU) sector. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving participatory observation over four months (September-December 2024), in-depth interviews, and documentation analysis. Results indicate that the PERISAI policy transformation since May 2022, particularly the increase in contribution incentives from 7.5% to 15%, has positively impacted agent motivation. The reward system combining financial and non-financial incentives through gathering programs and point systems proves effective in building loyalty. Success in achieving BPU participant acquisition targets is influenced by agents' ability to develop personal approaches and build local community networks. The integration of digital platforms in acquisition processes and performance monitoring enhances operational efficiency. Capacity development programs through cross-generational communication training and social security fund management provide a strong foundation for PERISAI agents' task execution.

This study aims to describe the employee compensation management system implemented in the Tanjungpinang Class II Port Authority and Municipal Office (KSOP). This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out by interview and direct observation techniques. The sample used in this study is purposive sampling. The informant in this study is Mr. Harry Priambodo, S.Pi. as the head of the administrative sub-division at the Tanjungpinang Class II Port Authority and Municipal Office (KSOP). The data analysis used in this study was carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, presenting data, and making conclusions. The results of the study show that the implementation of the employee compensation management system at the Tanjungpinang Class II Municipal and Port Authority Office has been running in accordance with applicable regulations and has a positive impact on employee performance. This can be seen from the regularity in the management of basic salaries, allowances, and work facilities such as BPJS Kesehatan, BPJS Employment, and supporting equipment. The procedure begins with performance measurement based on discipline and work achievement monitored through digital and manual attendance. The system also supports career development through Periodic Raises and promotions.

The higher the awareness regarding health, the higher the human need for health services. As a health service center, hospitals have the task of providing complete individual health services, providing inpatient, outpatient and emergency services. Social security provided by the Indonesian state is implemented by the Social Security Administering Body (BPJS) to ensure the certainty of equitable health services. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with an observational method to determine the description of satisfaction of BPJS outpatients regarding pharmaceutical services at Bekasi Hospital using Proportional Random Sampling sampling techniques with sample criteria of BPJS patients aged 17 - 65 years, who receive pharmaceutical services from the Pharmacy Installation Hospital at least 2 times. Based on the data provided, the highest overall satisfaction category is "Satisfied" while the lowest category is "Not Satisfied". These results show that the majority of patients feel a very high level of satisfaction with the services they receive. Based on the results of research conducted at the Bekasi Hospital Pharmacy Installation with 3 hospitals as research objects, it can be concluded that 51% of respondents feel satisfied with the pharmacy services at the hospital.

Background: The JKN program is here to provide benefits to Indonesian citizens in the form of comprehensive individual health services. The number of JKN participant referrals from FKTP to FKRTL has increased. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on strengthening basic health services to minimize the increase in health service costs borne by BPJS. Method: This study is a descriptive type of research because it is to describe how to optimize primary care. Data collection uses literature studies. Results: Based on a review of the four studies above from various countries, strengthening primary care is important to do by means such as integrating client-centered health services at the health center level, increasing community involvement when sick for treatment, optimizing the role of the government, implementing the Family Health Team approach, and routinely conducting socialization of JKN benefits in primary care. Conclusion: JKN provides benefits to improve public health so that strengthening primary health services is needed to help reduce inefficiencies in health service costs while increasing access to comprehensive and patient-centered health services.