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Online learning has become a significant trend in modern education. The basic concept of learning in online learning plays a key role in dealing with the challenges and problems that arise along with technological development.  The main trend in online learning involves increased accessibility and flexibility. Technological advances allow learners to access course materials from anywhere and at any time. However, emerging issues include lack of social interaction and feelings of isolation. The basic concept of effective learning in online learning should address these issues. This research aims to examine the basic concept of learning in online learning: trends, problems and solutions. This research uses qualitative method with literature study taken from various sources, including print media, electronic media, books and electronic journals. The research technique is done through exploration and journal search through Google Scholar related to the basic concept of learning in online learning. As for primary and secondary sources in the form of scientific papers that have been published with a high credibility index, namely Sinta 2 to Sinta 5. The results of data analysis are taken from a literature review by means of researchers collecting data, and complete information from various data collection procedures and with a specified time. The collected data is analyzed by using descriptive method to reveal the facts of events written in statements derived from the data sources studied. The results show that, online learning is a growing trend in education. The basic concept of effective learning should consider accessibility, interaction, motivation, and evaluation. Careful solutions are recommended to overcome the problems that arise in online learning and ensure a meaningful learning experience for all participants.

Employee productivity is one of the determining factors for the company's success in achieving its goals. Proper leadership implementation can increase employee productivity, especially in the banking sector. A leader in the banking sector must be able to unite perceptions (perspectives) in every element of the company, both employees and leaders of institutions in an effort to achieve the goals of financial institutions. This can be seen from the leadership style applied to one of the banking institutions in Indonesia, namely PT. State Savings Bank Jombang Sharia Sub-Branch Office. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing how to implement the leadership model at PT. BANK BTN KCP Syariah Jombang in relation to increasing employee productivity. This study uses the literature review method. Based on the results of literature studies, it can be seen that the leadership model at PT. BANK BTN KCP Syariah Jombang implemented is a democratic, charismatic, and transformational leadership model. Leadership plays an important role in employee productivity. This is because the application of a good leadership model will affect the morale, loyalty, work ethic, and company culture. If employees have a high.

This study is aimed to investigate the compatibility of materials in the textbook entitled "Cambridge English for Job-hunting" based on Tomlinson’s theory. The researcher used descriptive approach research as the type of the study. The data of the study were done by follows the process involved several stages, which are as follows: 1) The researcher selected an English textbook for analysis, 2) the researcher read the English textbook thoroughly, 3) the researcher carefully reviewed the content of the textbook, 4) the researcher gathered all the necessary materials from the textbook for analysis. The result of this study shows that the textbook substantially complies with Tomlinson's criteria for useful tools for language learning. It effectively engages students, builds confidence, offers appropriate information, uses actual speech, and accommodates a range of learning preferences and emotional conditions.    

The destruction of the incesce customary forest in Pandumaan village and the conflict over customary land with PT Toba Pulp Lestari (TPL) have damaged the preservation of the incesce customary forest. This condition really needs attention and restoration. Frankincense trees are continuously cut down by the company. Frankincense trees and other natural wood in the forest are cleared using a clear-cutting system and the logging areas are immediately planted by PT.TPL. The research method in this study uses qualitative descriptive analysis research methods. The author will conduct a special investigation regarding ecological restoration proposed by Van Wearen. Qualitative research in data collection is carried out using primary data sources, and data collection techniques will look for literature reviews, books, news and journals by collecting data from various literature. Restoring customary forests is also healing God's creation which has been damaged by humans. Understanding of ecological restoration as a basis for restoring the traditional incesce forest in Pandumaan village. The traditional forest of Pandumaan Village is a beautiful creation of God that should be protected and preserved.

Quality control review of concrete at PT. Merak Jaya Beton is important to ensure that the work carried out meets quality standards and is implemented according to existing procedures. PT. Merak Jaya Beton is one of the companies in Indonesia that produces precast concrete. At PT. Merak Jaya Beton, quality is highly regarded from trials before being taken to projects (trial mix and F’c)to construction projects (Slump tests), checking the proportions of mixtures and uniformity of basic materials at the batching plant, to hammer test checks. The process of selecting the right concrete materials can determine the amount or quantity of dependency on materials considering the quality requirements of the concrete used. Several specifications of ready-mix concrete are produced to meet the specifications demands from clients. Meanwhile, for material quantity planning based on the production volume to be implemented, it includes material needs, ordering cycles, and the amount of orders. In concrete mixtures, there are materials added during the Mixing process (admixtures), this is aimed to alter the properties of concrete to make it more suitable and cost-effective.

Background: Household waste management is an important effort in preserving the environment. Household waste, which includes various types of materials such as organic and inorganic waste, has the potential to pollute the environment if not managed properly. The purpose of this writing is to provide a better understanding of the importance of managing household waste in environmental conservation efforts.Method: The research method used is a literature review which involves collecting and analyzing various sources of information relevant to the topic of household waste management. Results: Household waste management is very important to maintain environmental cleanliness and public health. Household waste, which includes organic, inorganic and hazardous waste such as batteries, can pollute the environment if not managed properly. Management methods such as waste separation, recycling and composting can help reduce the negative impact. Despite facing challenges such as minimal public awareness and limited resources, collaboration between the government, community and the private sector can improve household waste management. With good management, apart from protecting the environment and health, it can also provide economic benefits, such as additional income from recycling. Therefore, awareness of the importance of good and sustainable waste management needs to be increased.

Background: Management of physical waste (solid and liquid) is an important aspect in maintaining environmental sustainability. In recent years, innovative technology has become a major focus in efforts to increase the effectiveness of physical waste management. The aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of physical waste processing using innovative technology for each type of waste. Method: The research method that will be used in this research includes a literature review. The research method that will be used in this research is a key step to test and evaluate the effectiveness of innovative technology in physical waste processing. Results: Physical waste, such as plastic, electronics, and paper, has become an increasing global environmental problem. The impacts include soil, water and air pollution as well as human health risks. Effective physical waste management is important to reduce its negative impacts. Solutions include public education, government-industry collaboration on policy, and technological innovation. With good collaboration, it is hoped that effective solutions can be created to maintain environmental sustainability and human health. Innovative technologies in solid and liquid waste management provide advantages such as solutions to environmental problems, increased efficiency, and the creation of new, better products. However, challenges such as high investment costs, inadequate infrastructure and limited regulation need to be overcome. To overcome these challenges, cooperation between government, companies, academics and society is needed.

Medical waste management is an important aspect of the modern health system to reduce its negative impact on the environment and human health. This article reviews various aspects of medical waste management, including the collection, processing and final disposal processes. Medical waste is collected from various health facilities, including hospitals, clinics, medical laboratories and doctors' practices. Waste management starts at the source, by separating hazardous and non-hazardous waste to ensure proper handling according to its characteristics. This process requires the use of special containers and staff training to ensure safety and compliance with applicable regulations. Awareness of the importance of safe medical waste management is increasing, with health organizations and governments working to improve regulations and educate the public about responsible practices. In a global context, international cooperation is key in overcoming the challenges of managing medical waste effectively. Thus, medical waste management is not only the responsibility of individuals or institutions, but is a joint effort to maintain environmental and community health.

Nowadays, many people use technology in the form of cellphones to share data, be it images, sound, video, text, and some of them. The speed of sending data depends on how fast the system manages it, if there is damage or obstacles then most likely the data will not be sent, therefore there must be someone who manages the system so that there are no obstacles when sending data. Mesh topology is a simulation that is connected to each other to send data from one computer to anothe computer, from the simulation we can see whether there are obstacles in sending data or not. The purpose of this research is to compare mesh topology and switching technology in data transmission simulation. This research uses library research methods to collect information and scientific works, namely literature related to literature review.

This article discusses violations of Human Rights (HAM) in the school environment. The school environment must be a place that is safe, inclusive and respectful of individual rights. However, human rights violations continue to occur involving several parties. This article provides an overview of the forms of human rights violations that most often occur in schools as well as the factors that cause these violations and their consequences. In this article, we identify several forms of human rights violations that often occur in schools, including physical violence, verbal abuse, intimidation, sexual harassment, discrimination and inhuman punishment. This research aims to determine various types of human rights violations in schools and their prevention. This research uses qualitative methods that focus on in-depth observations and reviewing literature and case study reports regarding human rights violations in schools. The research results show that human rights violations in schools can take the form of physical violence, verbal abuse, threats, sexual harassment, discrimination and inhuman punishment.

Humans always strive to develop their potential. One way to develop this potential is through lifelong education and philosophy. Education is given or held in order to develop all human potential in a positive direction. Because by continuing to develop ourselves, we will undoubtedly become complete human beings with the various potentials that we have. What differentiates humans from other creatures is science, because with science humans can always differentiate between good and bad, right and wrong and so on. Philosophy and religion are essentially two different domains, in fact there are often differences of opinion between the two, but in fact the two are things that are interconnected and combined to understand the nature of science in both. The research method used is a causal-effectual analysis model using a rational approach based on the results of a literature review. The aim of the research is to find out and how to develop the potential that exists in humans related to education, namely, in knowledge, science, philosophy and religion. Knowledge should be something very vital that must receive attention in order to lead to a better life. Knowledge itself has various forms in the form of ordinary knowledge, religious knowledge, philosophical knowledge and scientific knowledge.

Seeking knowledge is an obligation for humans, men and women, young and old, adults and children, in ways appropriate to their circumstances, talents and abilities. So on this occasion the author will discuss some verses about teaching and learning. The purpose of writing this article is to find out the verses that command us to learn and teach. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature review approach regarding teaching and learning verses. Here, we, the authors, try to discuss verses from the Koran about teaching and learning. The research results of verses about teaching and learning: QS. Al-Alaq verses 1-5 contain the command to read as motivation in seeking knowledge, QS. An-Nahl verse 78 Allah grants hearing with which humans are able to hear, sight with which humans are able to see various things, and a heart with which humans are able to find their identity and holiness in the form of reason whose center is the heart. And QS. Luqman verses 17-19 commands to perform prayers, be patient, not be arrogant and the story of Luqman Al-Hakim is a portrait of parents educating their children through teaching.

The development of digital technology has brought significant changes to the world of education, including Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. These changes are caused by the potential and capabilities of information and communication technology which enable humans to have relationships and fulfill their needs for unlimited information. This article reviews Islamic religious education strategies based on blended learning. Blended learning is an educational method that combines face-to-face learning with online learning. In this article, we will explain how Islamic religious education strategies can be implemented using blended learning. By combining various learning methods and resources, this approach aims to increase the effectiveness of Islamic learning.

Early childhood Christian education is an effort to form children's awareness from an early age in fostering a passion for learning to fill and develop themselves, so that they have the capacity, skills and skills to fear God. The purpose of writing this article is to explain the importance of the role of Christian PAUD teachers as liaisons in increasing early childhood interest in learning. The writing method uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review method using books, journal articles and internet websites as references. The results of this study are that through the role of teachers as liaisons they can bring about changes in children who encourage them to seriously participate in the process of teaching and learning activities at school. Therefore, the teacher's role includes: 1) creating independent learning, 2) creating practical learning, 3) creating democratic learning, 4) creating ideal learning, 5) providing appreciation.

This writing aims to enhance the focus of learners in the learning process by employing the role playing learning model. The role playing learning model involves activities where learners take on specific character roles. Through this simulation, the goal is to develop problem-solving skills and behaviors, as well as to delve into the subject matter with a unique approach. Data compilation in this writing is conducted through literature review, utilizing sources from journals, books, and other scholarly works. By employing this learning model, it will enhance the engagement and focus of learners in the learning process.

Character education at the junior high school level is becoming increasingly important in this era of globalization. This research aims to explore the influence of globalization on the development of adolescent character at the junior high school level and to identify character values relevant to the demands of globalization. The research method used is a qualitative approach through literature review with descriptive analysis techniques. The findings of the research indicate that globalization has a significant impact on the development of adolescent character at the junior high school level, particularly in how adolescents express themselves, their mindset, and the values they adhere to. In this context, it is important to teach character values such as tolerance, diversity, cooperation, and critical thinking, which are relevant to the demands of globalization. Effective strategies for integrating character education into the junior high school curriculum include developing a curriculum based on character values, teacher training, and active involvement of parents and the community. Thus, character education at the junior high school level can become relevant to the demands of globalization and help adolescents build strong and adaptive characters.

This article aims to find out the validity of a mystery box sale and purchase agreement from the perspective of article 1320 of the Civil Code.  It is hoped that the results of this research can be used by parties, especially potential online loan recipients, in making an online loan agreement using a standard agreement system.  The research methodology uses normative law, including primary and secondary legal documents, as well as data collection approaches such as literature reviews.  A conceptual approach and a statutory approach were used in this research. The data analysis technique used was a deductive data analysis technique using the syllogism method.  The validity of an agreement is assessed based on 4 main points of the validity of an agreement based on article 1320 of the Civil Code.  Likewise, a sale and purchase agreement is considered valid according to law if it fulfills the 4 elements of the validity of an agreement

Multicultural is often used to describe the unity of various ethnic groups in a country. This journal explains what gender equality looks like from a multicultural perspective. This research is a literature review. When discussing equality, the focus is on the fair treatment of all people. Differences are part of true equality, and groups must have special rights to compensate for existing differences. When analyzing the basic assumptions of the principle of equality and recognition of differences, several problems were discovered. First, there is tension between one group and another, where multiculturalism ironically emphasizes differences between cultural groups and ignores similarities. Second, conflicts may arise between minority groups who demand equal rights. If we want to further advance our multicultural agenda, we need to address these issues.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the efforts to prevent and handle the problem of human trafficking in review of kupang city regional regulation number 3 of 2019 concerning the prevention and handling of the problem of human trafficking. This research is an empirical juridical research method. The result of this research is that the Government and the Task Force on Human Trafficking have made various efforts in preventing and handling the problem of Human Trafficking in Kupang City by referring to Kupang City Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2019 and in the process of preventing and handling the problem of Human Trafficking in Kupang City there are several obstacles. The conclusion of this research is that the efforts to prevent and handle the problem of trafficking in persons carried out by the Kupang City Government and the Task Force for Trafficking in Persons have not been fully implemented in accordance with Kupang City Regional Regulation Number 3 of 2019, namely not implementing Administrative Control of Population Mutation and Migration, Control of Labor Placement, and Early Detection. Constraints experienced: a. Suboptimal Inter-Agency Coordination; b. Allocation of Meeting Time between Task Force Members is not optimal; c. Lack of Socialization at the Central and Regional Stakeholder Levels; d. Human Resources (HR) are Still Low. Inadequate Human Resources (HR); and e. Misuse of Technology and Information. The first suggestion is that the Kupang City Government and the Trafficking in Persons Task Force should implement activities to prevent and handle the problem of trafficking in persons in accordance with Kupang City Regional Regulation No. 3/2019 in full, namely by implementing activities to control the administration of population mutation and migration, control labor placement, and early detection. The second suggestion is that the Kupang City Government and the Human Trafficking Task Force should increase the number of inter-agency coordination meetings to unify the vision and mission of the Task Force in combating human trafficking.   

This study aims to provide empirical evidence on the development of tax incentives studies in Indonesia. This study analyzes thirty-nine articles on tax incentives from twenty-five nationally accredited journals Sinta 1 and Sinta 2 during the 2003-2023 period. Articles were analyzed using the charting fields approach and analysis in qualitative studies to provide a broad explanation regarding the development of tax incentive studies. This study found that the implementation of various tax incentive policies still encounters various obstacles such as inconsistent regulations, standardization of tax officials' understanding, lack of outreach, and policies that are less relevant and not yet very beneficial. This study also found inconsistencies in previous research, so further studies are needed. The structureon, there is a phenomenon that the structure of company ownership and corporate governance is an indication of taxpayer non-compliance. Efforts to avoid taxes and efforts to prosper investors that have the potential to cause litigation risk.