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The most common learning difficulties faced by Primary school students are difficulties in learning to read. In second-grade students of SD Negeri 4 Dukuhwaluh, this problem was also found, so this study aims to describe students' initial reading difficulties. This research used a descriptive qualitative research method of a case study. The subjects of this study included 9 students who had difficulty in reading, class teachers, and 9 students' parents. Observation, interviews, and document analysis were used to collect data. The validity test of the data used data and technique triangulations. Data analysis techniques used the Miles Huberman model; data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Reading difficulties for second-grade students of SD Negeri 4 Dukuhwaluh were experienced by 9 students. The results showed that initial reading difficulties included the following: a) difficulty in recognizing letters, there were 2 students who did not recognize letters from A to Z. b) difficulty in reading diphthongs, there were 4 students who did not want to pronounce any letters or stuttered when reading diphthongs. c) difficulty in reading words, there were 4 students who were not fluent in reading words or were still spelling. d) not proficient in reading consonants, there were 2 students who only knew a few consonants, and e) not yet fluent in reading sentences, there were 9 students who were still not fluent in reading sentences. It can be concluded that the difficulties experienced by the 9 students were various.

In an effort to fulfill and protect children's rights, Child Friendly Schools are implemented. Child Friendly Schools are needed to create and transform traditional school models into child friendly schools that respect children's rights. This school model is effective in ensuring the protection of children's rights, preventing violence, discrimination and other unwanted actions and developing students' potential. The research was conducted at Polut 1 Public Middle School, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The type of research used is qualitative research. The focus of this research is how the child-friendly school program is in an effort to prevent violent behavior. Types and sources of data used are primary data and secondary data. The research instruments used were observation and interviews. Data collection techniques and procedures, namely using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. To create a child-friendly school, synergy and strong commitment are needed from all stakeholders in the school environment, an active role and positive attitude are required by all related parties, starting from school principals, teachers, students, parents must contribute their respective functions to create a climate a school environment that is safe, comfortable, and certainly does not contain elements of violence in it.

The purpose of this study is to find out and describe the Implementation of the Zoning System Policy for New Student Admissions (PPDB) at the Junior High School Level in Karimun Regency, especially at SMP Negeri 1 Karimun and SMP Negeri 4 One Cliif Roof. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with primary and secondary data sources. The theory used in this study is the Van Metre Van Horn Theory with six indicators: policy measures or objectives, resources, implementing characteristics, attitudes/dispositions, inter-organisational communication, social environment, economy, and politics. The study's findings are as follows: (1) the size and objectives of the zoning system policy at SMP Negeri 1 Karimun and SMP Negeri 4 Satu Atap Tebing have been operating in accordance with the established regulations even though the standards of success are not appropriate. (2) HR has already established quantity and quality but there are still facilities such as classrooms that are damaged. (3) the executors comprehend and perform their duties in accordance with the rules in a strict and disciplined manner; and (4) there are still pros and cons from the community, so far the executors have been very elpful in implementing the zoning system. (5) There has been inter-organizational communication; nevertheless, posters and socialisation have not all been dispersed equally. 6) From a societal standpoint, the general populace still doesn't understand computers. It has been operating in accordance with its objectives from an economic and political standpoint. The study's findings indicate that the PPDB zoning system has been implemented at SMP Negeri 1 Karimun and SMP Negeri 4 One Cliif Roof Tebing in accordance with Permendikbud Regulation Number 1 of 2021 and the technical guidelines established by the Regent of Karimun Regency prior to the start of new student admissions.

Web-based information systems are in high demand in various circles of society, including in the world of non-computer education, where the written examination system commonly used in education often has many obstacles. Factors must also be considered when evaluating written tests, as many participants may avoid writing notes on cards and waste paper and ink to ask and repeat questions, including negative factors in written tests, so this study aims to do so. a database-based online exam system that educational institutions can use to convert existing written exams into an online exam system. Therefore, with the rapid development of information technology, it is necessary to design and build an online examination system based on Data Warehouse to replace the manual written examination system and facilitate the work of the teacher in SMP Negeri 5 Medan. Primary schools enter question data into the system and can minimize the operational costs of passing exams, and the system can also store data more securely in its data warehouse, i.e. teacher information, basic information, student information. subject information, value information and question information. The method is Data Warehouse, software procedures and Waterfall model. The survey respondents were 150 students from SMP Negeri 5 Medan, a total of 150 students. This online exam system was created using PHP programming language, MySQL database and XAMPP web server

Science (IPA) is one of the compulsory subjects taught in elementary school. The continued use of learning media to conduct science learning makes students bored and less enthusiastic about participating in learning. Media songs and educational videos can be used as an alternative to science learning. Educational songs and video media can motivate students to engage in science learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of media songs and video learning on interest and learning outcomes in science subjects among her 5th grade students at Baturno Public Primary School, Lembang Regency. The study design used was quasi-experimental with a non-equivalent control group design. The subject of this study was his 5th grade student at SD Negeri Baturno School in Lembang province. The sample for this study included all members of the population (saturated sample), 29 students in the experimental class and 28 students in the control class, for a total of 57 students. Data collection techniques used in this study include documentation, observation, and testing. As statistical analyses, Pearson product moments were used to test efficacy and Cronbach's alpha was used to test instrumental reliability. Lilliefors test to test data normality, Levene test to test homogeneity, independent-samples t-test, and sample t-test to test hypotheses.

The development of cultural literacy and citizenship is an important aspect of primary education. This study aims to analyze different approaches to developing cultural literacy and citizenship in four elementary schools located in Pekanbaru. The four schools included in this research are SDN 182, SDN 195, SDN 21, and SDN 180. This research utilizes a qualitative descriptive approach by analyzing data from field observations, interviews with teachers and students, and documentary studies. The findings of the study indicate that these four schools have different approaches to developing cultural literacy and citizenship. SDN 182 adopts a habituation approach by teaching students to sing the national anthem before starting Civic Education lessons and involving them in community service activities. SDN 195 implements a developmental approach by requiring students to serve as flag ceremony officials, memorize the UUD 1945 (Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia), and understand Pancasila (the foundational philosophy of Indonesia). SDN 21 employs a developmental approach to literacy through extracurricular programs held on Saturdays, introducing Indonesian cultures to students. SDN 180 encompasses various aspects, including flag ceremonies, cultural introductions, and organizing dance extracurricular activities. This research provides a deeper understanding of the diverse approaches that can be employed to develop cultural literacy and citizenship in elementary schools. The findings serve as a foundation for schools and relevant stakeholders in designing effective and student-centered learning programs. Additionally, this study offers inspiration for the development of cultural literacy and citizenship at higher levels of education.

The use of social media and the influence of peers can provide a lot of information to adolescents, both information that is good for adolescent development or information that has a negative impact on these adolescents. To find out the relationship between the use of social media and peers on sexual behavior in adolescents at SMA N 8 Jambi City in 2023. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. Determination of the sample using Simple Random Sampling with the Slovin formula obtained n = 77 respondents who were taken proportionally based on each class. Primary data obtained from distributing questionnaires. Data analysis was carried out using Univariate and Bivariate Analysis. 71.43% of the use of social media in adolescents at SMA N 8 Jambi City is categorized as medium, 18.18% is categorized as low, and 10.39% is categorized as high. 58.44% of peer influence on adolescents at SMA N 8 Jambi City is categorized as moderate, 37.66% is categorized as low, and 3.9% is categorized as high. 84.42% of adolescent sexual behavior at SMA N 8 Jambi City is generally categorized as not at risk and 15.58% is categorized as at risk. There is a relationship between the use of social media on sexual behavior in adolescents at SMA N 8 Jambi City in 2023 which is seen based on the p-value of 0.030 which is smaller than 0.05. There is a relationship between social media and peers on sexual behavior in adolescents at SMA N 8 Jambi City in 2023 which is seen based on a p-value of 0.034, less than 0.05. There is a relationship between social media and peers on sexual behavior in adolescents at SMA N 8 Jambi City in 2023. It is hoped that schools can provide guidance for students and provide learning related to sexual behavior so that students do not get information on wrong sexual behavior. Thus, teenagers can be more careful in socializing so as not to fall into negative things that can damage their life and future.

The purpose of this article is to understand how important character education is for primary school students in the digital age. The phenomenon that occurs at this time is that students become easier to access information, thus causing the behavior of students who experience poor behavior. Because of that, education in Primary School needs to be balanced with character education. Character education is a process of moral and religious instillation that is given to students by way of teaching from now on, strengthening and behavioral development. The purpose of this article is to describe the education of the digital revolution era, to describe the importance of character education for Primary School students in the digital era and to describe how to implement the character education of Primary School students to face the digital era. The results of this study show that character education is important to show the degradation of character, morals and character in the digital age, so character education should be determined from today.

This study aims to analyse the implementation of literacy programs in three primary schools, namely SDN 8 Bandar Laksamana, SDN 14 Teluk Mesjid and SDN 92 Pekanbaru. The research method used was observation and document analysis of literacy activities conducted by these schools. The results show that the three schools have implemented various types of literacy, such as literacy in reading and writing, digital literacy, science literacy, financial literacy, numeracy literacy and cultural-civic literacy. Through habituation, development and learning, students are given the opportunity to develop literacy skills holistically. Keywords relevant to this study are literacy, literacy program, primary school, observation, document analysis. This study shows that the successful implementation of literacy programs is supported by the commitment and efforts of schools in providing varied literacy experiences and actively involving students. The literacy programs help students improve their skills in reading, writing, using digital technology, understanding science, managing finances, understanding mathematics, and appreciating culture and citizenship. The findings provide important insights for educators and policy makers in improving the quality of basic education and students' literacy development.

Patient An A was brought by her parents to the Children's polyclinic at the Lhoksukon Health Center with complaints of itching all over her body since the past 2 weeks. Complaints mainly in the area between the fingers, toes and in the groin area. The patient's mother said that her child complained of itching which felt worse at night. The patient's mother said that this complaint first appeared when her first child came home from the dayah during the school holidays. 3 weeks ago the patient brought his first child to the puskesmas with the same complaint before he returned to the dayah. And now the patient has just brought An A for treatment with the same complaint. From the examination results, HR: 87 x/I, RR: 18 x/I, temperature: 36.5 C. Primary data were obtained through alloanamnesa and physical examination by making home visits, filling out family folders, and filling out patient files. The assessment was carried out based on the initial holistic diagnosis, process and end of the visit both quantitatively and qualitatively. Interventions carried out include education about the causes of scabies to their families, education on environmental sanitation and hygiene and management of the disease and explaining complications that may arise from the patient's disease so that the patient's family maintains personal hygiene and environmental cleanliness.

The Surabaya Teaching program is part of the Freedom to Learn Campus Merdeka (MBKM) policy to enrich student competence by providing opportunities for students to learn outside the classroom by providing assistance to teachers and education staff at the primary and secondary education levels. This program invites students to contribute to improving the quality of learning at the elementary and junior high school levels for one semester. The Surabaya Teaching program is currently the 3rd batch assigned to teach, assist with technology, and assist with school administration and teachers in schools in 3T areas. One of the schools where Surabaya teaches is SMP Negri 39 Surabaya, which is located on Jl. Raya Prapen, Panjang Jiwo, Kec. Tenggilis Mejoyo, Surabaya, East Java. Surabaya Teaching students also have a responsibility in improving the character and interest in learning students who are low. The goals that can be achieved in undergoing the Surabaya Teaching Program batch 3 are a process of adding relationships, adding experience outside the world of lectures, developing students' insights, character and soft skills, encouraging and spurring national development by growing student motivation to participate in development, and increasing the real role and contribution of universities and students in the development of education in Indonesia. The results of this program include improving educational services at these schools in terms of teaching, technology utilization, and administration. It can be concluded that the Surabaya Teaching program provides good benefits for all parties and also provides a lot of experience gained during assignments taking place at SMP Negri 39 Surabaya, starting from the observation, planning, implementation and evaluation activities that take place during activities.

The Jibril method is a method of reading the Qur'an which is done by Taqlid (imitating) where the teacher recites one verse of the Qur'an followed by another. Gabriel's method is one of the methods used to improve the ability to read the Koran. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Jibril's Method in Improving Al-Qur'an Reading Ability. This research uses Quantitative method. The population in this study were students in the Al-Huzaimah Region of the At-Taufiqiyah Islamic Boarding School. Data was collected by distributing a questionnaire which was determined by means of a sample so that 168 respondents were obtained. Each given statement is measured using a Likert scale. Processing primary data using statistical analysis techniques Package for Social Science (SPSS) with the method of suspension and correlation test analysis. The results of this study indicate that the Gabriel Method is effective to be applied in improving students' Al-Qur'an reading skills. Which is obtained by looking at the results of the analysis performed.

The Ministry of Education and Culture in 2022 presents challenges in the education sector. The problem was solved by the government by making the Freedom to Learn Program policy. The purpose of this study: to analyze the time allocation and the theme of the choice of implementation of the P5 independent curriculum and to analyze the principles, benefits, design implementation and management strategy of the P5 independent curriculum at SD Marsudirini Gedangan, Semarang. The method is qualitative with a case study approach, research data uses primary data, data collection techniques by observation, observation, recording observations, and structured interviews, data validity techniques by triangulation of data sources. The findings are that the independent learning curriculum is quite fun and does not make it difficult for teachers and students at SD Marsudirini Gedangan. Uncertainty was felt when the teachers did not know the process for implementing the main harvest in December 2022 and there was no BOS allocation fund to support project implementation. The implication of this research is to provide an overview of the implementation of a fun independent learning curriculum, so that in the 2023/2024 academic year schools are increasingly ready to implement the full learning independent curriculum

The Ministry of Education and Culture in 2022 presents challenges in the education sector. The problem was solved by the government by making the Freedom to Learn Program policy. The purpose of this study: to analyze the time allocation and the theme of the choice of implementation of the P5 independent curriculum and to analyze the principles, benefits, design implementation and management strategy of the P5 independent curriculum at SD Marsudirini Gedangan, Semarang. The method is qualitative with a case study approach, research data uses primary data, data collection techniques by observation, observation, recording observations, and structured interviews, data validity techniques by triangulation of data sources. The findings are that the independent learning curriculum is quite fun and does not make it difficult for teachers and students at SD Marsudirini Gedangan. Uncertainty was felt when the teachers did not know the process for implementing the main harvest in December 2022 and there was no BOS allocation fund to support project implementation. The implication of this research is to provide an overview of the implementation of a fun independent learning curriculum, so that in the 2023/2024 academic year schools are increasingly ready to implement the full learning independent curriculum

Pondok Pesantren Nurul Qarnain is a pesantren with approximately 3000 students. 65% of these students are students with junior high education who are sitting in Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTS) and Madrasah Diniyah Muadalah Tsanawiyah (MDMT), in other words more than half of the total number of students are children aged 12 to 15 years. Santri, who have just entered adolescence, seem to have difficulty distinguishing between primary, secondary and tertiary needs so that in some findings their consumption behavior tends to be wasteful. This study aims to look fully at how the consumption behavior of students aged 12 years to 15 years who are in the Block E dormitory environment in the view of Imam Al-Ghazali considering that the dormitory is the location of the basic level of yellow book learning at Nurul Qarnain Islamic Boarding School. This research is a phenomenological qualitative research because the type of data explored in the form of information, comments, opinions, or sentences about the phenomenon of consumptive behavior of students of Madrasah Diniyah Mu'is Tsanawiyah Nurul Qarnain Jember Islamic Boarding School, not the views of researchers. First, consumption behavior has three levels or levels of needs, namely: the needs of daruriyat (primary), hajiyat (secondary) and tahsiniyat (tertiary). Second, students of Madrasah Diniyah Muadalah Tsanawiyah in fulfilling their needs give more priority to primary needs, this can be seen from their behavior in meeting school needs such as stationery and uniforms, bathing and washing needs, and paying tuition fees. Secondary needs are met by laundry uniforms by some students who are afraid of being switched, besides that other students prefer to be careful so that uniforms are not lost or switched. The tertiary needs of students are met when they have clothes or supporting products such as perfume and handbody.

In Indonesia, 8% of pre-school children experience speech and language disorders. Almost 20% of 2 year old children have speech delays and language disorders, speech delays most often occur at ages 3-16 years. The research method is correlative with a cross sectional approach. Sampling used a total sampling technique, namely where samples were taken from the entire population, namely 67 mothers with toddlers. Data collection in this research used primary and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate using the chi-square test. Mothers' knowledge in the good category regarding growth and development was 26 respondents (38%). Mothers' knowledge in the poor category regarding growth and development was 41 respondents (61%). Able to detect growth and development disorders in toddlers, namely 30 respondents (44%) The statistical test results with a p-value of 0.023 < 0.05 and OR= 4.26 so that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, which means there is a significant relationship between the relationship between mother's knowledge about toddler growth and development. early detection of growth and development disorders for toddlers at Posyandu, Bangun Rejo village, Tanjung Morawa sub-district. The results of this research are to increase mothers' knowledge and insight regarding the growth and development of toddlers so that they are better able to detect the growth and development of toddlers.

The purpose of the study is to produce a learning model with valid, practical, and effective criteria. This type of research is development research using the Borg And Gall model. The population is all grade V students of State Elementary School 18 West Freshwater, Padang Utara District, Padang City. The sample was 30 class V students. The sampling technique is total sampling.  The model validation design is validated by 2 experts: motor and language and model practicality by 2 sports teachers, The data collection instrument consists of tests of validity, practicality and effectiveness. As well as data analysis techniques using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques. The validation results of the learning model were obtained on average by 81.2.% with valid categories. In practicality, the results were obtained that this learning model was practical or good for use with learning implementation results of 91.7% The results of the effectiveness test using the Manipulative Basic Motion learning model based on play activities showed that there was a difference between obtaining manipulative motion ability results before using the model and after using the learning model. It was concluded that the model is effective and can improve the results of manipulative motion abilities (control objects) in the learning of sports and health physical education in grade V of primary school.

Education is a creative endeavor and an absolute necessity for human beings. character. This cannot be separated from the role of parents and teachers. parent first Teacher, character development is not only during childbirth, but during pregnancy uterus. Moreover, teachers, especially in primary schools, have the same obligations. in character building. In doing so, teachers must use brain-based characters Educational Approach (Neuroscience). The reason is the success of character building Start by changing the brains of your students. When brain-based character building is applied From an early age, Indonesian education is of higher quality, We can prepare high quality Golden Generation 2045. This survey uses qualitative research Based on a literature survey. Based on the results of research, this quality was established Education is an education that can shape the character of a student. Character Education is changing, so using a brain (neuroscience) approach is more effective Characters start by changing the brains of students.

Managerial competence will determine the progress of an educational institution. If the principal's managerial competence is good, it will be able to improve teacher performance. This study aims to describe the relationship between principal managerial competency and teacher performance improvement. The method used in this study is to use a qualitative approach. This research was conducted at SLB Negeri Sasa Ternate City. The subjects in this study were school principals and teachers. Data collection techniques were carried out in natural settings (natural conditions), primary data sources, and data collection techniques involved participant observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the head of SLB Negeri Sasa Kota Ternate is able to optimize school resources, both teachers and staff, direct students to be role models and take full responsibility for school progress. Patience, caring, hardworking, punctual attitude. The principal tries to establish himself as a leader according to the expectations of the teachers and all parties. So that it can be said that the principal already has a management program to improve teacher performance. The performance of a good teacher does not just happen, there are many factors that affect the high and low performance of a teacher, including internal factors and external factors, internal factors depend on the skills of the teacher himself, while external factors influence a lot, one of which is the principal's leadership competence. . This shows that the managerial principal can provide a positive increase in teacher performance.

For students in primary schools, there are still numerous nutritional issues to be solved. There has been an increase in the prevalence of overweight and underweight children in the Malang City area, particularly in the Puskesmas Mojolangu working area. One location where these dietary issues occur is SDN Tasikmadu 1. This is a result of the absence of educational resources for understanding balanced nutrition. The goal of this study is to create a balanced nutrition four card instructional media and evaluate its viability and efficacy as a tool for balanced nutrition education. The study follows the define, design, create, and disseminate framework while using a research and development approach. Due diligence was performed by media and material experts utilizing the BNSP evaluation tool with an average score of 87.50%. The effectiveness test was carried out at SDN Tasikmadu 1 on 30 students using pre-test and post-test instruments. Analysis using paired t-test showed that the tool and its accompanying materials were declared "appropriate" and provision of Balanced Nutrition Quartet Card media was effective in increasing students' knowledge, with an average pre-test score of 55.06 and an average post-test score 87.73 and the result of the paired t-test is P=0.000.