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In Indonesia, there were 35,985 postpartum mothers who experienced ASI dams or (15.60%) postpartum mothers, and in 2015 postpartum mothers who experienced ASI dams were 77,231 or (37.12%). The increasing incidence of ASI dams is one of the health problems in Indonesia. Where this greatly affects the postpartum period, namely the failure to provide breast milk to infants and one of the failures to achieve coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. This study aims to determine the determinants that influence the occurrence of breast milk dams in postpartum mothers in Bulukumba Regency. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a population of 30 postpartum mothers using total sampling. The results showed that the nipple length was the most influential factor among the five factors causing breast milk dams in the working area of ​​the Ujung Loe Health Center, Bulukumba Regency. This is based on a simple linear regression test obtained a p value of 0.04. Conclusion: From the results of the research conducted, it is known that all respondents who experienced breast milk retention were 19 mothers and 11 mothers who did not experience breast milk retention. After statistical tests were carried out using a simple linear regression test, it was found that there was a significant relationship between the causal factors, namely the nipples being too long and the occurrence of breast milk dams with a p value of 0.001.    

Public services that provide a service to clients is one of the important variables that provide an important commitment to create a good reputation and trust locally. Public protests in the form of long queues, helpless assistance, and actually bad offices do not satisfactorily influence the picture and quality of administrative levels in public areas. the research that I use is descriptive research. This research is called descriptive research with data collection techniques in this study using questionnaires. The population in this study are all people who are customers at the Praya District Office. The sampling technique used is nonprobability sampling technique. Based on the results of research conducted on 60 respondents regarding community perceptions and satisfaction with the services of the Praya District Office, it is measured based on community satisfaction using the Community Satisfaction Index (IKM) in terms of administrative services, the results obtained are Community Satisfaction Index per indicator where there are 14 indicators, namely ( 1) service procedures with a total IKM score of 76.66 included in the good category, (2) service requirements with a total IKM score of 68.33 included in the good category, (3) clarity of service officers with a total IKM score of 63.33 included in the good category, (4) the discipline of service officers with a total IKM score of 63.75 is included in the good category, (5) the responsibility of service officers with a total IKM value of 65.41 is included in the good category, (6) the ability of service officers with the total IKM score of 66.66 is included in the good category, (7) the speed of service with a total IKM score of 61.66 is included in the poor category, (8) the fairness of getting services with a total IKM score of 64.58 is included in the good category, (9) politeness and friendliness of staff with a total IKM score of 63.75 included in the good category, (10) fairness of service fees with a total IKM score of 65.83 included in the good category, (11) certainty of service fees with a total IKM score of 64.16 is included in the good category, (12) the certainty of service schedules with a total IKM value of 56.66 is included in the good category, (13) environmental comfort with a total IKM value of 66.66 is included in the good category and (14) environmental safety with a total IKM value of 66.25 included in the good category.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness and efficiency of managing village fund allocations in increasing physical development in Loleo Jaya Village, Morotai District, North Morotai Island Regency.  The type of research used is descriptive qualitative analysis. Collecting qualitative descriptive analysis data utilizing observation, documentation and interviews.  Data in the form of village fund realization reports were taken in Loleo Jaya Village, North Morotai District, Morotai Island Regency.  The purpose of the analysis is to find out that the management of village fund allocations has been effective, to know that the management of village fund allocations has been efficient, and to find out what factors influence the effectiveness and efficiency of village fund allocations.  The results of this study are Loleo Jaya Village, North Morotai District, Morotai Island Regency for the last three years. Analysis of the effectiveness ratio of village funds from 2020 was 137.02%, in 2021 was 101.09% and in 2022 was 104.75% meaning budget absorption for the last three years has met the performance criteria for the effectiveness of village funds very well.  Analysis of the efficiency ratio of village funds from 2020 (73.86%) is not efficient, 2021 (98.11%) is not efficient, and 2022 (38.00%) is less efficient, meaning that the absorption of the village budget from the last three years has not been maximized according to the criteria performance is still lacking efficiency.  There are 3 factors inhibiting effectiveness and efficiency in allocating village funds in Loleo Jaya Village, North Morotai District, namely: 1. Delays in disbursing village funds, 2. Lack of quality human resources, 3. Lazy culture and lack of community participation.  

Referring to the Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI), Literacy is the ability to write and read. And based on the Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture number 23 of 2015, the School Literacy Movement (GLS) strengthens the moral development movement. The School Literacy Movement (GLS), which has been launched by the government, aims to increase interest in reading and familiarize students with reading routines. This research was conducted by the author in order to find out how the process and implementation of literacy programs in several elementary schools in Pekanbaru City and Kampar Regency. Regarding the elementary schools that were used as research objects, namely SDN 024 Tarai Bangun, SDN 037 Karya Indah, SDN 017 Pandau Jaya, and SDIT Az-zuhra. Which of the literacy implementation programs that we observed included Reading-Writing Literacy, Numeracy. Science Literacy, Cultural and Citizenship Literacy, Financial Literacy, and Digital Literacy. By conducting interviews and observations as the method used. The results of this study are intended to add insight regarding the successful implementation of literacy programs, challenges and suggestions.  

This community service activity was carried out in Walay Village, Abuki District, Konawe Regency. The purpose of this service activity is to foster a new enthusiasm for entrepreneurship for business actors through digitalization to increase MSMEs. The delivery of the service material that we carry out is divided into three stages, namely preparation, counseling/training and discussion. In the preparation stage we collect data from MSME partners to study the situation and conditions of the partners. The results of the evaluation, MSME business participants in Walay Village were grouped based on the use of digital marketing in doing business, namely: As many as 61.90% or 13 participants in MSME digitization activities, did not really understand the use of digital technology in doing business. and there were 38.10% or 8 participants in the MSME digitization activities who had used marketing methods by accepting orders via digital, in this case social media, where social media is Facebook and WhatsApp

Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk membangun hipotesis penelitian tentang pengaruh antar variabel yang akan digunakan pada penelitian lebih lanjut dalam bidang ilmu manajemen pemasaran. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi literatur tentang pengaruh kualitas produk, kualitas pelayanan, dan citra merek terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dan loyalitas pelanggan. Metode penelusuran lembaga pustaka, seperti Google Scholar, Mendeley, dan media online akademik lainnya, digunakan dalam proses penulisan artikel Literature Review ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pelanggan dapat dipengaruhi oleh kualitas produk, pelayanan, dan citra merek. Selain itu, kualitas produk, pelayanan, dan citra merek juga dapat mempengaruhi kesetiaan atau loyalitas pelanggan terhadap produk atau jasa tersebut.

Kata ‘menyimak’ dalam bahasa Indonesia memiliki kemiripan makna dengan ‘mendengar’ atau ‘mendengarkan’. Oleh karena itu, kedua kata tersebut sering menimbulkan kerancuan pemahaman. Menyimak mempunyai arti menangkap suatu bunyi dengan telinga. Namun, mendengarkan dilakukan secara kebetulan dan tidak direncanakan. Menyimak berarti memperhatikan baik-baik apa yang diucapkan atau dibaca orang. Akan tetapi, mendengarkan merupakan menangkap bunyi dengan sungguh-sungguh. Contohnya pada anak sekolah yang lagi belajar dan anak yang sedang membangunkan temannya karena ada gempa. Menyimak merupakan kegiatan keterampilan berbahasa mencakup kegiatan mendengarkan bunyi bahasa, mengidentifikasi, menginterpretasikan, dan mereaksi bunyi bahasa atas makna yang terkandung di dalamnya. Dengan pengertian lain menyimak berarti kemampuan memahami pesan yang disampaikan melalui bahasa lisan. Berbicara dan menyimak sangatlah berhubungan, terutama dalam proses komunikasi, saling tukar informasi, saling bergantian peran, dan saling memahami apa yang dikatakan oleh lawannya. Oleh karena itu menyimak dapat dikatakan sebagai kegiatan berbagasa reseptif dalam suatu kegiatan bercakap-cakap dengan medium audio atau visual. Misalnya pada saat khutbah jumat dan mendengarkan pengumuman di stasiun atau bandar udara. Kegiatan menyimak dilakukan oleh seseorang dengan bunyi bahasa sebagai sasarannya, sedangkan mendengarkan sasarannya dapat berupa bunyi apa saja. Selain itu menyimak dilakukan dengan sengaja, terencana dan ada usaha untuk memahami atau menikmati apa yang disimak dan ada tanggapan setelahnya, sedangkan mendengarkan dilakukan dengan bisa sengaja  dan tidak serta tidak ada usaha untuk memahami apa yang didengar.  

This type of research is quantitative with a pre-experimental research design in the form of One Group pretest-posttest. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the guided inquiry learning model by teaching material properties of objects in class V SD Inpres Pare'-pare', in terms of the achievement of mastery of learning outcomes; student activity in participating in learning; and students' responses to the use of inquiry learning models. This study uses two observed variables, namely the independent variable (X) in this study is the learning model, namely the guided inquiry learning model and the dependent variable (Y) in this study is the result of learning science in grade V SD Inpres Pare'-Pare'. The population of this study were fifth grade students of SD Inpres Pare'-Pare'. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling technique, by making the population a sample of 20 students. The research instruments used were learning achievement tests, activity sheets, and response sheets, while the data collection techniques in this study used learning achievement tests, documentation and observation. The data analysis used was descriptive statistical data analysis, activity data analysis and student response data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the average posttest result is 94. As for the percentage of student activity after the use of the guided inquiry learning model is 82% and for the positive response of students to the use of the guided inquiry learning model is 96%. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the results of research on the use of effective guided inquiry learning models are used in learning science material on the properties of objects in class V SD Inpres Pare'-Pare', Bajeng District, Gowa Regency.

Given the wage disparity and perceived injustice experienced by both permanent and contract workers, it is necessary to conduct a study on legal protection regarding wages for the well-being of laborers. Therefore, this research aims to examine the role of labor protection policies, including social security for workers, fair wages, and the protection of labor rights, in promoting labor welfare. This study utilizes a qualitative method, which involves describing data and organizing it into various sentences. Additionally, a descriptive method is employed, where data is derived from words, sentences, images, and information from various books, journals, and other scholarly works that serve as references for labor protection and worker well-being. The findings of the discussion indicate that labor protection in the form of social security, fair wages, and labor rights plays a significant role in improving labor welfare.

This paper discusses the industrialization strategy with a focus on the pattern of Small and Medium Industries (IKM) and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia. Industrialization has become one of the important efforts to drive a country's economic growth. In the Indonesian context, SMEs and SMEs have a significant role in economic development and job creation. This paper outlines existing patterns in the SMI and MSMEs industry in Indonesia, and describes strategies that can be used to encourage the industrialization of these sectors. In this analysis, several important factors will be discussed, including government policy support, infrastructure development, access to capital and technology, and capacity building and training.

This study aims to analyze the role of securities as payroll instruments and legal components in the context of employment. This research uses qualitative methods while the type of research is descriptive. The results of this study indicate that securities as a payroll instrument are used as an effective payroll tool in the context of employment. Companies can issue securities in the form of investments to employees as a form of additional remuneration or incentives, such as company stock, bonds, or stock shares. While securities in the context of labor law that the use of securities as a remuneration instrument also has legal implications in the context of employment

 Performance appraisal is a way of determining the work results of employees and work groups that are useful if used the right methods on target and produce the desired conclusions according to output targets and performance standards. This research method is qualitative, namely observing performance appraisals that are already in effect with a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative by comparing work standards and output targets. Qualitative is assessed from skills (competence, physical abilities, coordination and teamwork); character (discipline, ability to make decisions and speed of response); and accuracy (supervision, control and the presence of work solutions).  Assessment data from January to April 2019. The time limit was chosen because the performance appraisal had stopped starting in August 2019, and required a remedial analysis. The results of the study show that performance appraisal provides an efficiency of 14% and makes assessments more noticed by all production employees. Methods collaborate in generating a more complete and mature assessment, as well as other suggestions for improvement. And prove that performance appraisal is useful for efficiency and effectiveness, controlling and monitoring performance, and being able to motivate employees to work even better.  

Industri kecil dan Menengah (IKM) merupakan salah satu sektor yang penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Kita menyadar bahwa pengembangan IKM didaerah sangat erat kaitnya dengan otonomi daera. Kecamatan rungkut memiliki jumlah Industri Menengah dan Industri Rumah Tangga sejumlah 1.219 . Kecamatan Rungkut mengalamikenaikan industri kecil dan industri rumah tangga pada pertengahan covid-19, industri kecil dan rumahan sebagian besar dibidang makanan dan kerajinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah adalah untuk mengetahui pola spasial IKM dan IRT di kecamatan rungkut, dengan metode yang akan digunakandidalam penelitian ini ada beberapa metode yaitu teknik pengumpulan data, teknis analisis data, populasi dan sampel dan metoe pengumpulan data. Untuk hasil yang didapatan dalam penelitian ini adalah industri kecil dan rumah tangga memiliki karakteristik sebagai industri dengan kekayaan sebesar Rp.200.000.000,- (dua ratus juta rupiah) yang tidak termasuk tanah dan bangunan tempat usaha, hal ini diartikan sebagai modal awal berdirinya suatu usaha yang dijadikan nilai investasi, Modal awal ini mencakup biaya pengadaan peralatan maupun mesin dalam proses produsi. Industri kecil dan rumah tangga biasanya hanya menghasilkan penjualan maksimal sebesar Rp.1000.000.000,- (satu miliar rupiah) per tahunnya.

This study aims to determine the Effect of Price on Switching Barrier, Trust in brand on Switching Barrier and to determine the Effect of Price, Switching Barrier and Trust in Brand on Customer Loyalty (Survey on customers of PT. Sinar Niaga Sejahtera Garudafood Depo Tasikmalaya Distribution Division). The method used in this research is quantitative method, the research sample is 80 respondents and the analytical tool used in this research is path analysis using SPSS version 25. The method of determining the sample uses probability sampling. The results of this study indicate that the price has a significant effect on the Switching Barrier; Trust in Brand has a significant effect on Switching Barrier; Price, Switching Barrier and Trust in Brand simultaneously have a significant effect on Customer Loyalty; Price partially has no significant effect on customer loyalty; Switching Barrier partially has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty; Trust in Brand partially has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty; Price through Switching Barrier has a significant effect on Customer Loyalty; Trust in Brand through Switching Barrier has no significant effect on Customer Loyalty.

As a democratic country, voting is a mandatory and routine agenda for our country when choosing leaders in an organization to the state level. The paper-based voting system that has been used so far has several weaknesses such as ballot damage, vote counting errors, susceptibility to fraud, and delayed election results. To overcome these issues, a more secure and guaranteed electronic voting system is needed. The shift from conventional media to various media used for opinion polling, such as social media/internet, has occurred in this technological era. The E-Voting system has been confirmed as safe and in line with the latest technological advancements. To enhance its security level, the system can use various types of cryptographic algorithms, including AES. Cryptography can be the solution in maintaining information security such as confidentiality, data integrity, non-repudiation, and authentication

The process of internalizing the values ​​of tolerance through Ma'had activities at the Al-Amien Prenduan Islamic Boarding School has been implemented, this can be seen from the condition of the students who mingle even though they come from different regional and ethnic backgrounds both from within and outside the country and from different backgrounds. different groups such as NU, Muhammadiyah or even Manhaj Salafi with their habit of wearing the veil in the daily lives of female students The problem raised in this study is how the process of internalizing tolerance values ​​through Ma'had activities. Second, what are the supporting and inhibiting factors in the process of internalizing tolerance values ​​through Ma'had activities at the TMI Al-Amien Prenduan Islamic Boarding School. In this study using a descriptive qualitative approach. The method used is the method of interviews, observation and documentation. For data analysis, researchers used the Miles and Hubberman models through data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. From the validity of the data, researchers used triangulation with source triangulation. The results of research on the process of internalizing tolerance values ​​through Ma'had activities at the pondok are through: Lecture Activities, Santri Daily Activities, Santri Organizational Activities, and Year End Peak Activities. The factors that support the process of internalizing tolerance values ​​through Ma's activities 'had namely: Educators and Traditions in carrying out the sunnah of Pondok. While the inhibiting factors are: individualism, fanaticism and character.    

The government initiated farmer cards to improve the distribution of subsidized fertilizers that were still not on the target. However, in some areas the effectiveness of distributing subsidized fertilizers using farm cards is unknown. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of subsidized fertilizers in Cibeuti Village, Kawalu District, Tasikmalaya City. The population in this study was farmers who received farmer cards with a total of 559 people who were then sampled using a random sampling technique of 85 people. This research was conducted using two methods, namely observation and interview. Observation is carried out by collecting data carried out through direct observation of farmers included in the farmer group in Cibeuti Village. The data analysis used is  multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS application. From the results of this study, the level of effectiveness of farmer cards, the distribution of subsidized fertilizers in the Cibeuti area of Tasikmalaya City is very effective and the most effective, indicator of the distribution of subsidized fertilizers is on time, whose efficiency value is 0.005 which means less than 0.05.

Stunting or short growth occurs when children do not receive the right kind of nutrition, especially in the womb and during the first two years of life. Children who are short, it means that their body growth and brain development has decreased and suffered permanent and irreversible damage. Children who experience stunting will have a greater risk of disease and death. The problem of nutritional deficiency is one of the most common problems in developing countries, such as Indonesia. To determine the relationship between parenting and the incidence of stunting in children. This study used a cross sectional design . The results showed that there was no relationship between parenting patterns and the incidence of stunting in children with a p-value of 0.150 > 0.5. The nutritional status of children, the majority of children have normal height with a total of 15 respondents (75%), 4 respondents (20%) have high height and 1 (5%) respondents have short height so that they are at risk of stunting, The level of parenting shows that parenting patterns are mostly in the high category of 17 respondents (85%) and there is no relationship between parenting patterns and the incidence of stunting in children.

Improving public services becomes an inevitability for government agencies as public service organizers. No exception for Tirta Moedal Drinking Water Perumda Semarang City, as a Regional Owned Enterprise (BUMD) is also inseparable from the demands of improving the quality of service to customers. Customer service innovation is a response to service problems that do not satisfy the community as customers. Customer dissatisfaction with customer complaints, information services and new connect services is very dominant for customer complaints. The Community Satisfaction Index (IKM) is one of the indicators of accountability for service performance in the public sector that cannot be ignored. The Community Satisfaction Index is an evaluation of the community as a customer for the performance of services provided to the community as customers that should be the basis for each service provider institution to make adjustments to customer expectations and service innovation. The rapid development of information technology also increases public awareness of its right to good service.

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how viral marketing and social media advertising impact consumers' purchasing choices on the Instagram Adds platform. The study's sample is made up of Instagram Adds users. The 159 respondents who were sampled were employed in a purposive sampling procedure to get samples. Tests of validity and dependability were run on the research data. The hypothesis test in this study used multiple linear regression tests. According to the conclusions of the first hypothesis test, the test results show that (1) Viral marketing increases purchasing behaviour on the Instagram Adds platform. (2) The results of the testing of the second hypothesis show that social media marketing has an effect on consumers' decisions to make purchases through the Instagram Adds platform.