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The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding at the Sikan Community Health Center from 2018-2019 decreased from 50.8% to 28%. Lack of knowledge and the intensive promotion of formula milk are among the causes of the low exclusive breastfeeding rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between socioeconomic factors and the level of maternal knowledge about exclusive breastfeeding in the Tokorondo Community Health Center Work Area. This study used an analytical method with a cross-sectional approach. The population was 46 mothers with toddlers aged 6-12 months in the Sikan Community Health Center work area. The sample in this study was 36 people, the sampling technique was consecutive sampling. The results showed that exclusive breastfeeding was more common in mothers with low education (60%), unemployed mothers (23.5%), high income (50%), and well-informed (100%). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the level of knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding (p<0.001), while education (p=0.217), occupation (p=1.000), and income (p=0.436) have no relationship with exclusive breastfeeding. It is hoped that health workers can be a source of information about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for babies up to 6 months of age and after six months of age. After six months, it is continued with the provision of complementary foods while continuing to provide breast milk until the age of 2 years and there is support from the family, especially the husband, as an effort to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding.

Background: Maternal nutritional status plays a crucial role in determining both maternal and neonatal health outcomes. According to data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2021), the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women reached 48.9%, while in Gorontalo Province, around 30% experienced malnutrition. Poor nutritional status during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of complications, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and higher maternal and neonatal mortality rates. Therefore, nutrition education is considered an essential strategy to enhance knowledge and promote adequate dietary intake among pregnant women.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education in improving the knowledge and nutritional status of pregnant women at the South Bulango Community Health Center. Methods: A quantitative study with a pre-experimental design was conducted involving 30 pregnant women selected through purposive sampling. Inclusion criteria included women aged 18–35 years, free from severe comorbidities, and willing to participate. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess nutritional knowledge, interviews to explore dietary patterns, and anthropometric measurements such as weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Data analysis employed descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test to assess differences before and after the intervention. Results: Most participants were aged 20–35 years (66.6%), had secondary education (63.3%), and were housewives (60%). Post-intervention results showed a substantial increase in good nutritional knowledge from 13.3% to 60%. Nutritional status also improved progressively across trimesters, with normal MUAC increasing from 33.3% to 60%, while undernutrition declined from 50% to 13.3%. The Wilcoxon test indicated a significant difference (p = 0.000; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nutrition education effectively enhances both knowledge and nutritional status among pregnant women and should be integrated into routine antenatal care services.

Anemia in pregnant women is a public health problem that remains high in Indonesia and impacts maternal health and fetal development. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anemia and risk factors in pregnant women at the Saritani Community Health Center, Boalemo. The study used a cross-sectional design on 28 pregnant women selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire and hemoglobin level examination (HemoCue). Descriptive and bivariate analyses using the Chi-Square test were performed, with p < 0.05 as the significance limit. The results showed a prevalence of anemia of 42.9 % . Factors significantly associated with anemia included education level (p = 0.041), adherence to Fe tablet consumption (p = 0.022), parity (p = 0.037), and pregnancy spacing (p = 0.049). Mothers with low education, non-adherence to Fe tablet consumption, high parity, or pregnancy spacing <2 years had a higher risk of developing anemia. Age and diet did not show a significant association.

This study examines the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards tuberculosis (TB) prevention efforts in the working area of the Geureudong Pase Health Center. An observational study with a case control design was conducted during the period September–November 2024, involving 31 respondents. The characteristics of the respondents showed that the majority were 21 years old (69.8%), male (37.0%), had an elementary education (36.7%), and worked as farmers (76.6%). Data analysis includes univariate and bivariate analyses. Univariate analysis was carried out descriptively using a frequency distribution table to see the distribution of respondent characteristics and research variables. Meanwhile, bivariate analysis uses chi-square tests to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes and TB prevention efforts. The results of the study show that the level of knowledge has a significant impact on TB prevention efforts. Of the 30 well-informed respondents, only 1 respondent (3.8%) actually made effective prevention efforts. In contrast, as many as 25 respondents (96.2%) with a low level of knowledge had less prevention efforts. In addition, only 4 respondents (13.8%) had good prevention efforts overall. Statistical tests proved that there was a significant relationship between knowledge (p=0.000) and attitudes (p=0.000) towards TB prevention efforts. These findings show the need for educational interventions to increase public knowledge about TB and increase positive attitudes towards its prevention. Thus, increasing socialization and health education is an important step in efforts to control TB in the region.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of work discipline and knowledge management on employee performance at the Technical Implementation Unit (UPT) of Lubuk Pakam Health Center. The research uses a quantitative approach with surveys and questionnaires distributed to 67 employees as the sample. The results show that work discipline and knowledge management simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance with an F-value of 19.336 (p < 0.05) and an R Square of 0.377, indicating that both variables contribute significantly to performance improvement. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing work discipline and effective knowledge management to achieve optimal employee performance at the Lubuk Pakam Health Center.

Stunting, also known as growth failure in children, is a condition caused by a child's nutritional needs not being met for a long time, specifically during the first 1,000 days of life. The first 1,000 days of life are the first 270 days (nine months) in the mother's womb plus the first 730 days (two years) of a baby's life after birth. Education is a learning process aimed at developing the potential or quality of thought patterns and knowledge of an individual or group. One of the goals of education is to increase public knowledge. The target group for the first 1,000 days of life is pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education on pregnant women's knowledge about the first 1,000 days of life at the Tombulilato Community Health Center, Bone Raya District, Gorontalo City. The type of research used is Quasi Experiment with a two group pretest and posttest design approach. The sample in this study were 32 pregnant women in the intervention group and 32 in the control group. Data collection was done through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a paired T test with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and α <0.05. The results of the study showed that Educational Intervention had a significant effect on the knowledge of pregnant women (p = 0.000) in the First 1000 Days of Life in the Tombulilato Health Center area, Bone Raya District. It is hoped that more practical information will be provided to the community, especially prospective mothers, in preparing a quality next generation, especially in the First 1000 Days of Life. As well as optimizing Posyandu services, and involving the participation of families such as husbands and parents when socialization and information provision are carried out.

Every pregnant woman is strongly recommended to undergo comprehensive and quality antenatal care (ANC) at least four times, consisting of at least once in the first trimester (before 14 weeks of gestation), at least once in the second trimester (14–28 weeks of gestation), and at least twice in the third trimester (between 28–36 weeks and after 36 weeks of gestation), including at least one visit accompanied by the husband or a family member. The first ANC visit is highly recommended to be conducted between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that influence the K4 coverage of antenatal visits among pregnant women at Bontomarannu Public Health Center, Galesong Selatan Subdistrict, Takalar Regency. This research uses a cross-sectional study design. The sample consisted of 60 pregnant women who underwent K4 antenatal examinations at Bontomarannu Public Health Center, selected through random sampling. The results showed that knowledge significantly affected the K4 coverage of antenatal visits (p = 0.000), occupation also had a significant influence (p = 0.004), and distance was another significant factor (p = 0.005). It can be concluded that knowledge, occupation, and distance all influence the K4 coverage of antenatal visits at Bontomarannu Public Health Center, Galesong Selatan Subdistrict, Takalar Regency.  

One effort to address the increasing population in Indonesia is through the Family Planning (FP) program. One of the roles of midwives in implementing this program is through family planning counseling. This study aimed to determine the relationship between family planning counseling and participation as family planning acceptors in the Tepeleo Community Health Center (Puskesmas) work area. This study was conducted from October to November 2021. The analytical method used in this study was descriptive analytic, which examines the relationship between two variables in a situation or group of objects. The results were obtained by distributing questionnaires to 45 respondents and then tested using the Chi-Square test with a significance level of 0.05. The analysis results showed a relationship between family planning counseling and participation as family planning acceptors in the Tepeleo Community Health Center work area. Furthermore, the family planning counseling program was implemented quite well (84.4%), as indicated by community participation as family planning acceptors (88.9%).

Overview: Normal Hemoglobin levels during pregnancy are very important in preventing anemia and complications that can occur during pregnancy. Moringa capsules contain iron, vitamin C, and antioxidants that can support the absorption of iron in the body, Fe tablets that support oxygen transport and the formation of red blood cells. Objective: Analyzing the effect of giving moringa leaf capsules and iron tablets on hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. Research Method: This study used a Quasi-experimental design method. This study was conducted in the Ambal II Kebumen Health Center Working Area with a sample of 30 respondents. In this study, 2 groups were used, namely those who received intervention (moringa leaf capsules and Fe tablets) and the control group (Fe only). Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Research Results: Showed that there was a difference in Hemoglobin levels in the Moringa leaf and Fe groups with a p value = 0.008 and as many as 14 pregnant women experienced an increase in Hb. While in the control group the analysis results showed a difference with a p value = 0.007. However, as many as 13 mothers experienced a decrease in Hb levels. Conclusion: giving moringa capsules and Fe tablets has better effectiveness in increasing Hb levels compared to just Fe tablets alone.

Tetanus Toxoid (TT) immunization is a key preventive intervention to protect women of reproductive age and newborns from tetanus infection. Despite its importance, limited knowledge among prospective brides may reduce the effectiveness of TT immunization programs. This study aimed to analyze the effect of TT immunization counseling on the knowledge levels of prospective brides at Wayabula Public Health Center. A quantitative study using a quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted involving 40 prospective brides selected through total sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire measuring respondents’ knowledge before and after counseling. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to analyze differences in knowledge levels. The results showed a significant improvement in knowledge after counseling, with the majority of respondents demonstrating higher posttest scores compared to pretest scores and no respondents experiencing a decrease in knowledge. These findings indicate that counseling plays an important role in enhancing understanding of TT immunization, including its purpose, benefits, and preventive value. In conclusion, TT immunization counseling is effective in improving knowledge among prospective brides and should be integrated as a mandatory component of routine immunization services. Strengthening counseling activities is expected to support informed decision-making, promote positive health behavior, and contribute to the prevention of tetanus in mothers and newborns.

Anemia during pregnancy remains a major public health concern and is commonly associated with iron deficiency. Iron (Fe) tablet supplementation is a key strategy to prevent anemia; however, adherence among pregnant women remains suboptimal. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between family support and adherence to iron tablet consumption among second-trimester pregnant women in the working area of UPT Puskesmas Mandomai. A quantitative analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 30 pregnant women selected using total sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire assessing respondents’ characteristics, family support, and adherence to iron tablet consumption. Univariate analysis was performed to describe variable distributions, while bivariate analysis was conducted using Kendall’s tau-b correlation test. The results showed that 50% of respondents were non-adherent to iron tablet consumption, and 50% reported receiving no family support. Bivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant and very strong association between family support and adherence to iron tablet consumption (τ = −0.928; p < 0.001). The negative correlation reflected the coding direction, indicating that better family support was associated with higher adherence. These findings suggest that family support plays an important role in promoting adherence to iron supplementation during pregnancy. Family-centered approaches in antenatal care may enhance adherence and contribute to the prevention of anemia among pregnant women.

Perineal wounds are a common condition experienced by postpartum mothers after vaginal delivery and can potentially cause pain, discomfort, and the risk of infection if not properly cared for. Effective, safe, and culturally appropriate perineal wound care is a crucial need in postpartum care, especially at the primary health care level. Green betel leaves (Piper betle L.) are known to have antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties that have the potential to support the wound healing process. This study aims to analyze the effect of green betel leaf water baths on the perineal wound healing process in postpartum mothers in the Sikui Community Health Center (UPT) work area. This study used a quantitative quasi-experimental design with a one-group pretest–posttest approach. The study was conducted in June–July 2025 with 18 postpartum mothers with grade I and II perineal wounds as respondents. Wound condition assessment before intervention was carried out using the REEDA instrument as a baseline condition, while healing results were evaluated based on clinical outcomes and the duration of perineal wound healing. Data analysis was conducted descriptively. The results showed that all respondents experienced clinical perineal wound healing after the green betel leaf water bath intervention. The majority of postpartum mothers experienced wound healing in less than one week, with a median healing time of 5.5 days. In conclusion, green betel leaf water bath has the potential to support the perineal wound healing process in postpartum mothers. This intervention can be considered a safe, easy-to-implement, and relevant complementary therapy for integration into postpartum care in primary healthcare settings.

Stunting is a condition of chronic malnutrition caused by inadequate nutritional intake over a long period of time due to providing food that is not in accordance with nutritional needs. One of the causes of stunting in toddlers is exclusive breastfeeding which is not given for 6 months because breast milk is really needed during the baby's growth period, and it is not appropriate to give complementary foods after 6 months of age so that their nutritional needs are met. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and complementary foods for breastfeeding (MP-ASI) with the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Singandaru Community Health Center working area in 2024. The research design is descriptive correlation using the case control method. The measuring tool for this research uses a questionnaire. The research results for the exclusive breastfeeding variable based on the chi square test results obtained a value of p = 0.0001, P velocity < α, so Ho is rejected, meaning there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of ​​the Singandaru Community Health Center in 2024. As for the complementary food variable ASI (MP ASI) with the incidence of stunting obtained a p value = 0.012, P velue < α, then HO is rejected, the conclusion is that there is a relationship between complementary food for breast milk (MP ASI) and the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the working area of ​​the Singandaru Community Health Center in 2024. Based on research results It is hoped that the cadres can provide motivation to every baduta mother to be able to provide exclusive breast milk and provide complementary breast milk according to her age.

Morbus Hansen, or leprosy, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. There are two types of leprosy, namely MB (Multi Bacillary) and PB (Pauci Bacillary). According to the WHO, the level of disability due to leprosy is divided into three levels: Level 0, Level 1, and Level 3. This study is an analytic observational study using a cross-sectional research design, involving 45 respondents selected through total sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire consisting of questions regarding leprosy medication compliance. Data analysis used the chi-square test and prevalence rate. The results showed no association between medication compliance (p=0.092, PR=2.0) and the incidence of leprosy disability at the Batumarmar Health Center, Pamekasan Regency. The conclusion of this study indicates that although theoretically adherence to medication can lead to disability in leprosy patients, the results of this study show something different. The difference between the results of this study and the theory may be due to other factors affecting disability. The suggestion is that the health center is expected to improve the monitoring system to evaluate patient compliance with treatment. Support from medical personnel and families is also needed to encourage patients to be more consistent in undergoing therapy.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by metabolic disorders, characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action, with its prevalence continuously increasing. This study aims to describe blood glucose levels and blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Kalibagor Health Center based on respondent characteristics. The method used is descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional design, involving 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus selected through total sampling technique. Data were collected through random blood glucose tests, blood pressure measurements, and interviews regarding smoking habits and family history. The results showed that 58% of respondents had high blood glucose levels, while 70% had normal blood pressure. Respondents with a family history of diabetes were more likely to experience high blood glucose levels, while smokers had a higher risk of experiencing high blood pressure. This study also found the influence of age, gender, and family history on blood glucose and blood pressure levels. Therefore, further education on healthy lifestyle and risk factor management is needed to prevent further complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Hypertension is one of the chronic diseases suffered by many people in Indonesia, including in the Kebondalem Health Center area, Pemalang District. In its treatment, some patients choose to use herbal medicine as a complementary therapy in addition to medical treatment. However, patients' understanding of the benefits and risks of using herbal medicine is still not fully known. Objective: This study aims to examine the level of knowledge of hypertensive patients regarding the benefits and risks of using herbal medicine as a complementary therapy at the Kebondalem Health Center, Pemalang District. Method: This study uses a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The research sample was hypertensive patients who visited the Kebondalem Health Center and met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through a validated closed questionnaire, then analyzed descriptively. Results: The results showed that most patients had a moderate level of knowledge regarding the benefits of herbal medicine, but were still low in understanding the risks that might arise from using it simultaneously with medical drugs. Some patients also still believe in myths related to herbal medicine without a strong scientific basis.

Cervical cancer is a deadly disease and ranks as the fourth most common cancer among women, according to the World Health Organization. In Indonesia, it is the second most prevalent cancer affecting women. Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) is an early screening method to detect cervical cancer, yet its coverage remains low in several areas of East Java. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge and VIA screening behavior among women of reproductive age in the working area of Kowel Public Health Center. The study employed an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 70 respondents were selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires assessing both knowledge and VIA screening behavior. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test. The results showed that 38 respondents had good knowledge, while 32 had poor knowledge. The chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.494 (p > 0.05) and a prevalence ratio (PR) of 1.684. These results indicate no significant relationship between knowledge and VIA screening behavior. However, respondents with good knowledge were 1.684 times more likely to undergo VIA screening than those with poor knowledge. It is recommended that the Kowel Health Center enhance its educational efforts through more engaging and creative counseling methods using media tools such as brochures, leaflets, posters, and animated videos, delivered both directly and via social media, to attract public interest.

Anemia is one of the public health problems experienced by many pregnant women in Indonesia, including in Aceh Province. One of the efforts to prevent anemia is by consuming iron tablets (TTD) regularly. This study aims to determine the relationship between the level of education and knowledge of mothers about anemia with the regularity of blood tablet consumption. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The study sample consisted of 100 pregnant women in the Penanggalan Health Center working area, selected through purposive sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. The results showed a significant relationship between the level of education (p = 0.032) and knowledge about anemia (p = 0.005) with the regularity of blood tablet consumption. Mothers with higher education and good knowledge tend to be more regular in consuming blood tablets. Improvement of health education is needed through routine counseling to increase mothers' awareness of the importance of preventing anemia during pregnancy.

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a manifestation of malnutrition characterized by an inadequate energy intake over a prolonged period in pregnant women, resulting in adverse health outcomes due to a relative or absolute deficiency of one or more essential nutrients. The 2023 SKI results indicate that malnutrition among pregnant women remains a problem, with nearly 3 out of 10 pregnant women experiencing anemia and 17% at risk of CED. According to data from the Jambi City Health Office, Putri Ayu Public Health Center (Puskesmas Putri Ayu) has the highest number of CED cases, with 67 affected pregnant women. The main objective of this study is to explain the underlying factors contributing to the high prevalence of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) and to inform the development of evidence-based health interventions aimed at reducing this condition. This study employed a quantitative research method with a case-control design. The sampling technique used was purposive total sampling, involving 78 pregnant women in the Putri Ayu Public Health Center area, Jambi City. Data collection was conducted in October 2024, using a questionnaire as the research instrument. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. The results showed a significant relationship between CED and parity (p=0.034), anemia (p=0.013), attitude (p=0.000), and the role of health workers (p=0.000). No significant relationship was found between CED and age (p=1.000), pregnancy spacing (p=0.615), and knowledge (p=0.359) in pregnant women. The findings indicate that parity, anemia, attitude, and the role of health workers are significantly associated with the occurrence of CED in pregnant women, while age, pregnancy spacing, and knowledge are not significantly associated.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires proper management, including the use of conventional and alternative medicines such as herbal medicines. Patient knowledge about the benefits, risks, and potential interactions of herbal medicines with conventional medicines is very important to prevent complications. Objective This study aims to describe the level of knowledge of diabetes patients about the use of herbal medicines, including the benefits, risks, and interactions with conventional medicines at the Kebondalem Health Center, Pemalang Regency. This study uses descriptive observational analytic Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to diabetes patients who were treated at the Kebondalem Health Center. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively with percentages to measure the level of patient knowledge.