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The toddler period is a golden stage of child development influenced by several factors, including maternal knowledge in parenting. Working mothers face challenges in balancing professional responsibilities with caregiving roles. This study aimed to examine the relationship between working mothers’ knowledge and the growth and development of toddlers at Kasih Ibu Sejati Clinic, Sosa District, Padang Lawas Regency. This research used a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 42 working mothers with toddlers. The results showed that most working mothers had good knowledge (38.1%) and most toddlers were in the good developmental category (64.3%). The Chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.004, indicating a significant relationship between the mother's level of knowledge and toddler development. Good knowledge enables mothers to provide better-quality care despite time limitations. These findings imply the importance of enhancing education for working mothers to support optimal child development.

This community service activity aims to strengthen the character development of elementary school students through training in creating digital applications using the Thunkable platform. In the midst of the digital era and the challenges of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, character education is an essential aspect that must be instilled from an early age, alongside cognitive competence. Elementary schools, as the foundation of education, play a strategic role in shaping children’s personalities, including embedding positive character values. This activity was conducted at SD Moria in Sorong City and involved 24 students from grades 5 and 6, selected based on their interest and readiness. The training used a Project-Based Learning approach, where students were actively engaged in creating simple application projects. Throughout the process, students not only learned basic programming skills using Thunkable but also developed key values such as teamwork, responsibility, independence, creativity, and curiosity. Despite facing challenges such as limited devices and internet access, the students demonstrated remarkable enthusiasm. Thunkable proved to be an effective tool for interactive and enjoyable learning. Students were able to directly develop their creative ideas through designing user interfaces and application functions. This provided a meaningful learning experience that motivated students to continue exploring and trying new things. The activity showed that technology-based learning can serve as a strategic means to holistically shape students' character. Overall, this initiative demonstrated that digital application development training can serve as a character education model based on technology that is highly relevant for elementary education. This program is expected to serve as an educational innovation example that encourages the integration of digital literacy and character education in Indonesian elementary schools.

The use of social media has become an inseparable part of daily life for Indonesian teenagers. Platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and WhatsApp are widely used for communication, self-expression, entertainment, and information. However, behind these benefits lie significant negative impacts, particularly the rise of juvenile delinquency and digital violence. Phenomena such as cyberbullying, the spread of negative content, hoaxes, hate speech, and online exploitation are increasingly prevalent. Data from GoodStats and the 2024 National Survey on the Life Experiences of Children and Adolescents (SNPHAR) reveal high rates of violence experienced and perpetrated by teenagers in digital spaces. Furthermore, reports from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) show a yearly increase in cases of juvenile misbehavior linked to social media usage. This study employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data from KPAI, GoodStats, and SNPHAR. The objective is to identify various forms of juvenile delinquency triggered by social media use and to explore both existing and potential strategies for prevention. The analysis indicates that low levels of digital literacy among teenagers, weak parental supervision, and the influence of social media algorithms that often amplify extreme content are major contributing factors to deviant behavior. This research emphasizes the importance of collaborative efforts among families, schools, the government, and digital platforms to create a safe and healthy digital environment for teenagers. Comprehensive digital literacy education, character development, stronger child protection regulations on the internet, and increased parental involvement are key strategies that need to be strengthened. Through an integrated approach, it is hoped that the risks of delinquency and digital violence can be minimized, enabling Indonesian youth to grow into a generation that is intelligent, critical, and responsible in their use of social media.

This study aims to describe the role of parents in supporting the achievements of sepak takraw athletes in Batang Regency. Athlete achievement is determined not only by individual abilities and training received, but also by support from their immediate environment, particularly family. In this context, parents play a strategic role in the coaching and development of young athletes, both physically, mentally, and emotionally. This study used a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews, direct observation, and documentation. The subjects in this study consisted of parents of sepak takraw athletes, athletes who have achieved success at the regional level, and coaches involved in coaching. Through this approach, comprehensive data was obtained regarding the forms of support provided by parents. The results show that parents play a crucial role in encouraging athlete success. This role is manifested through various forms of support, including moral support in the form of motivation and encouragement, material support such as providing training equipment and transportation costs, and direct involvement in monitoring children's development. Parents also actively communicate and collaborate with coaches and clubs to create a conducive coaching environment. In addition, parents' positive attitudes in appreciating their children's interests and talents contribute to the athletes' high level of self-confidence and commitment. Thus, active parental involvement has been shown to significantly contribute to improving the performance of sepak takraw athletes, particularly at the district level. This research suggests the need for systematic parental involvement in regional sports development programs.  

The nutritional status of elementary school children serves as a vital indicator of their overall growth, development, and future health outcomes. Poor nutritional status, whether in the form of undernutrition or overweight, can lead to a range of health and academic performance issues. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status of Grade 4A students at SD 064981 Cempaka Raya using anthropometric measurements and to examine the association between snacking habits and nutritional categories. A descriptive quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a total sampling approach involving all 20 students in the class. Data collection consisted of direct height and weight measurements conducted according to standardized procedures. The data were then analyzed using the WHO Anthro Plus software to classify nutritional status into undernourished, normal, overweight, and obese categories. Additionally, information on students’ snacking habits during school hours was obtained through structured questionnaires. The results indicated that 25% of students were undernourished, 50% had normal nutritional status, 20% were overweight, and 5% were obese. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test demonstrated a statistically significant relationship (p < 0.001) between snacking behavior and nutritional status. Specifically, all students who reported frequent consumption of snacks at school were classified as overweight or obese, whereas those who did not engage in frequent snacking predominantly fell within the undernourished or normal categories. These findings highlight the potential role of unhealthy snacking patterns in contributing to excessive weight gain among school-age children. Based on the results, it is recommended that nutrition education programs be implemented for both students and parents, coupled with stricter regulations on the availability and sale of high-calorie snack foods within the school environment. Such measures may serve as preventive strategies to promote healthy growth, maintain optimal nutritional status, and reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases later in life.

Generation Alpha is growing up in an era dominated by rapid technological advancement and digital interaction, which necessitates the development of innovative, engaging, and interactive learning strategies. This need extends to Christian Religious Education (CRE), where traditional methods may no longer fully capture the attention or meet the learning styles of today's children. One promising approach is the adaptation of Labubu dolls as a learning medium within the CRE curriculum. With their distinctive, expressive features, Labubu dolls can serve as an effective pedagogical tool to convey Christian values in a manner that is both relatable and captivating for young learners. This article explores the integration of Labubu dolls into Christian Religious Education as a medium to enhance student engagement, comprehension, and internalization of core religious values. Using a qualitative research design with a constructivist approach, the study investigates how puppetry, particularly through Labubu dolls, can transform abstract theological ideas into concrete, child-friendly learning experiences. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and reflective practices involving teachers and students in early education settings. Findings indicate that the incorporation of storytelling, character interaction, and reflective dialogue facilitated by Labubu dolls significantly improves children's understanding of Christian principles. The dolls create a dynamic learning environment that encourages emotional connection, moral reasoning, and active participation. Furthermore, the playful yet structured nature of puppet-based instruction aligns well with the cognitive and emotional development of Generation Alpha, making it a highly relevant educational innovation. In conclusion, the use of Labubu dolls within the Christian Religious Education curriculum represents a strategic response to contemporary educational challenges. It not only enhances pedagogical effectiveness but also supports the formation of Christian character and faith from an early age, positioning Labubu dolls as a transformative medium for religious instruction in the digital age.

Providing education on how to wash hands properly is an important effort to increase awareness of clean and healthy living, especially for young children. Children at this age are in a very rapid developmental stage, so the information and habits taught are more easily absorbed and formed into daily behavior. However, children's awareness and understanding of the importance of hygiene, especially handwashing, is still relatively low. Therefore, health education is essential to instill good habits from an early age. Washing hands with soap is one of the Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors (PHBS) that is effective in preventing the spread of various types of diseases, especially diseases transmitted through hands, such as diarrhea, ARI, and skin infections. PHBS about handwashing must be a habit applied in daily life, both in the family, school, and community environment. This educational activity was carried out at St. Francis Xaverius Pineleng Catholic Kindergarten with the aim of increasing knowledge and forming handwashing behavior according to the six recommended handwashing steps. The implementation method included providing educational materials, showing a video song that teaches the six steps of handwashing, demonstrations by the implementer, and direct practice by the children with movements and songs. The results of the activity showed an increase in children's knowledge and skills in washing their hands properly. The children demonstrated enthusiasm and active participation during the educational process. It is hoped that teachers and parents will continue to encourage children to practice hand hygiene to prevent illness and foster healthy lifestyles from an early age.

The disruption era, marked by rapid technological development and socio-cultural transformation, presents significant challenges to the spiritual and character formation of young children. In this dynamic context, Christian Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers are not merely facilitators of learning but are also expected to act as spiritual leaders and moral role models. These responsibilities require a form of leadership that is not only rooted in biblical principles but also adaptive to the shifting demands of the digital age. This study aims to (1) identify the core challenges faced by Christian ECE teachers in the disruption era, (2) examine Christ-centered leadership values, and (3) propose an adaptive spiritual leadership model suitable for Christian ECE settings. Utilizing a qualitative approach through a literature review, data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman’s interactive model, which includes data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings highlight two main categories of challenges: external challenges such as the influence of digital media, shifting values in society, and increased parental expectations; and internal challenges including limited teacher capacity, spiritual stagnation, and institutional gaps. In response, this research proposes the "Three-Pillar Adaptive Spiritual Leadership Model," which emphasizes: (1) the teacher's internal spiritual formation and integrity, (2) the implementation of innovative and contextually relevant pedagogical strategies grounded in Christian values, and (3) synergistic collaboration with families and church communities as key support systems. This model provides a conceptual and practical framework for Christian educational institutions to empower teachers in forming resilient, Christ-like character in children. The study contributes to the discourse on faith-based education in the 21st

Protection of children's rights in the Indonesian legal sistem has received serious attention with the enactment of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice Sistem (UU SPPA). This law emphasizes that imposing sanctions on children is not the primary goal, but rather a means to achieve child welfare through a restorative justice approach. The SPPA Law regulates two channels for resolving cases: formal justice and diversion. Diversion is a process for resolving children's cases outside the court system, aiming to prevent children from experiencing formal justice processes that have the potential to have long-term negative impacts on their psychological and social development. This study focuses on the implementation of diversion efforts during the investigation stage within the jurisdiction of the Madiun City Police. The method used in this study is an empirical method, namely by examining the implementation of the law in social realities in the field through observation and interviews with relevant parties. The results of the study indicate that the Madiun City Police have implemented diversion efforts quite well and in accordance with the provisions of the SPPA Law. The implementation of diversion is carried out by considering the principles of restorative justice and involving various parties, including child perpetrators, victims, families, and the police. However, several obstacles to implementing diversion exist, including a lack of public understanding of the concept and benefits of diversion, and frequent debates between perpetrators and victims, particularly regarding compensation issues within diversion forums. Therefore, increased public outreach and legal education, as well as stronger coordination between the institutions involved, are needed to optimally achieve the primary goals of the juvenile criminal justice system.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the school environment and family environment on the learning interest of 8th-grade students at SMPN 1 Pangkalanbaru. Learning interest plays a crucial role in shaping students' academic performance and motivation. A conducive environment, both at school and at home, is believed to significantly contribute to the development of students' enthusiasm for learning. This research employed a quantitative method with a descriptive approach and utilized multiple regression analysis techniques to test the hypotheses. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed to 149 students from the 8th grade. The findings indicate that both the school and family environments have a positive and significant impact on students' interest in learning. The school environment's influence was confirmed by a simple linear regression coefficient of 0.229, while the family environment showed a stronger effect with a regression coefficient of 0.355. When tested simultaneously, both variables contributed to a combined effect on students' learning interest, with an R² value of 0.263, indicating that 26.3% of the variance in learning interest can be explained by these two factors. The remaining 73.7% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study, such as peer influence, personal motivation, teaching methods, and access to learning resources. These results underscore the importance of providing a supportive and engaging environment at both school and home to enhance students’ academic motivation. It is recommended that schools foster a positive atmosphere through effective teacher-student interactions, while families are encouraged to actively support their children's learning routines and emotional well-being. Further research is needed to explore other contributing factors and to develop holistic strategies that promote learning interest among junior high school students.

Infant growth and development are crucial issues that require serious attention, particularly during the early childhood phase, which is crucial for a child's future development. The golden age of infants is the most sensitive period to various forms of stimulation that influence their motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional development. However, not all parents, especially mothers, fully understand the importance of appropriate and safe stimulation in supporting infant growth and development. One form of stimulation that is relatively easy to perform, has no side effects, and can be applied independently at home is gentle touch therapy. Gentle Touch Therapy is a complementary therapy method that involves gentle, affectionate touch on the baby's body, aimed at stimulating the nervous system, strengthening the emotional bond between mother and child, and increasing comfort and relaxation in the baby. Several studies have shown that this gentle touch can improve sleep quality, accelerate weight gain, relieve stress, and encourage infant neuromotor and socio-emotional development. This community service activity was carried out as an effort to increase mothers' awareness and skills in providing stimulation through gentle touch. The activity was carried out at the Andina Independent Midwife Practice (PMB), Palembang City, in June 2025. The main target of this activity was mothers with babies aged 0–12 months. The implementation method included providing education through interactive lectures, demonstrations of touch therapy techniques by health professionals, and direct practice by mothers accompanied by facilitators. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in mothers' understanding of the importance of growth and development stimulation, especially through gentle touch therapy. The participants showed high enthusiasm in participating in the activity and were able to practice gentle touch techniques correctly and confidently.

Motor development in infants is a crucial process that occurs gradually and follows the principles of age-appropriate development. Each fundamental motor stage—such as tummy time, rolling over, sitting, crawling, standing, and walking—must be passed through sequentially to ensure optimal motor concept development. Skipping or insufficient stimulation of these stages may lead to difficulties in understanding functional body movements. One of the main causes of delayed motor development includes a lack of motor stimulation time, overly restrictive parental supervision, and low levels of motivation and stimulation provided to the child. Tummy time, or placing the baby in a prone position while awake, is a proven effective form of motor stimulation that supports the development of the baby’s neck, back, and arm muscles. This activity also assists infants in reaching subsequent developmental milestones such as rolling over and crawling. This Community Service Program (PkM) was conducted at the Physioroom Clinic and was attended by 15 mothers with infants aged 3 to 6 months. The objective of the program was to enhance mothers’ knowledge regarding the importance of tummy time in supporting infant motor development. The program's implementation included educational sessions, tummy time practice demonstrations, group discussions, and interactive Q&A sessions. To measure the increase in participant knowledge, a pre-test and post-test were administered before and after the activity.The results of this PkM activity showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 6.4 in the pre-test to 8.6 in the post-test. This improvement demonstrates the program’s effectiveness in educating mothers about the benefits of tummy time for infant motor development. It is hoped that the mothers will consistently apply this stimulation at home to optimally support their children's growth and development.

Hospitalized children often experience anxiety due to the unfamiliar hospital environment, frightening medical procedures, and separation from family. This anxiety, if left untreated, can negatively impact a child's psychological well-being and hinder the healing process. One non-pharmacological intervention that can be implemented to help reduce anxiety in children is play therapy. This therapy is a fun and developmentally appropriate approach, one of which is through coloring activities. This study aims to describe the application of coloring play therapy in reducing anxiety levels in preschool-aged children undergoing hospitalization. The research design used a case study with two preschool-aged children treated in the Dahlia Ward of Dr. Tjitrowardojo Regional General Hospital, Purworejo. The anxiety measurement instrument used the FIS (Face Image Scale), which allows the assessment of children's facial expressions as an indicator of anxiety levels. The results showed that before therapy, subject I was in the mild anxiety category with an FIS score of 2, while subject II was in the moderate anxiety category with an FIS score of 4. After coloring play therapy, both children experienced a significant decrease in anxiety levels, namely becoming no longer anxious (FIS score 1). These findings indicate that play therapy, including coloring activities, is effective in reducing anxiety in hospitalized preschool children. This intervention could be an easy, affordable, and enjoyable alternative for healthcare providers in providing holistic care to children.

Improving the quality of children's health is one of the main priorities in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in addressing stunting prevention in Indonesia. Stunting remains a serious challenge in public health development, especially among young children who suffer from chronic malnutrition. To tackle this issue, effective nutritional education is essential, especially for young mothers who play a central role in caregiving and determining their children's dietary intake. In line with the shift in information consumption patterns from conventional media to digital platforms, social media is becoming increasingly significant as a channel for health communication and education. One emerging phenomenon in this context is the rise of public figures from the medical profession actively sharing health-related content online, commonly referred to as “doctor influencers.” This study aims to analyze the digital communication strategies employed by doctor influencers, using the Instagram account @mizaafrizal, owned by Dr. Miza Afrizal, as a case study, focusing on how he educates young mothers about child nutrition. This research adopts a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing data collection techniques such as content observation, in-depth interviews, and literature review on digital communication and health promotion. The findings indicate that Dr. Miza employs a persuasive and interactive communication strategy through the use of humanistic language, visually engaging content, and scientifically supported information in each post. He also leverages Instagram features like reels, stories, and the comment section to establish two-way communication with his followers. Dr. Miza’s credibility as a pediatrician enhances the reception of his messages. His approachable, clear, and educational style of delivery successfully captures the attention of young mothers and increases their understanding of the importance of nutrition in early childhood development. These findings highlight the influential role of doctor influencers as change agents in raising public awareness about child nutrition. Moreover, they contribute positively to digital-based health promotion efforts in Indonesia, showing the potential of social media as a powerful platform to support national health initiatives.  

In the academic world, proper and efficient reference management is essential to ensure the quality and credibility of scientific writing. However, many lecturers and education practitioners, particularly early childhood education teachers, still encounter difficulties in managing references according to established academic standards such as APA and MLA citation styles. This challenge often hinders the process of academic writing and decreases the quality of scholarly outputs. To address this issue, a structured training program was conducted focusing on the use of Mendeley, a digital reference management tool designed to simplify citation and bibliography management automatically. The objective of this training was to enhance participants’ technical competence, digital literacy, and their ability to integrate Mendeley into the process of preparing scientific papers. The training activities were carried out using a series of steps, including needs assessment of participants, collaborative planning, hybrid training implementation (both online and offline), and continuous assistance through follow-up forums. Throughout the program, participants were guided step-by-step on how to install, use, and integrate Mendeley into word processing applications for academic writing. The results of the evaluation showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge and practical skills, with an N-Gain score of 0.70, which falls into the high effectiveness category. The training not only improved the quality of reference management in scientific papers but also promoted greater professionalism and academic accountability. Moreover, it supported the broader goal of integrating technology into educational development. Overall, this initiative is expected to encourage more systematic, efficient, and digitally literate practices in academic writing among educators, ultimately contributing to improved educational quality in higher education settings.

Children's education and development are crucial aspects and a primary concern for parents, especially in the field of sports. In this context, the Science Swimming Team (SST) Sidoarjo swimming club plays a strategic role in providing quality swimming training for children. This study aims to evaluate the level of parental satisfaction with the quality of services provided by the club's coaches. Using a quantitative approach and descriptive design, this study collected data through a closed-ended questionnaire distributed to 15 respondents who were parents of students at SST. The research instrument was structured based on five dimensions of service quality: tangibles, empathy, reliability, responsiveness, and assurance. The data obtained were then analyzed descriptively quantitatively by calculating frequency distributions and percentages to obtain a clear picture of the level of parental satisfaction. The results showed that the majority of respondents, namely 53.33%, felt quite satisfied with the services provided by the coaches, while 26.67% felt satisfied, 13.33% were less satisfied, and 6.67% were dissatisfied. The reliability and responsiveness dimensions scored highest, indicating that coaches were able to provide reliable and responsive services to parents' needs. However, the tangible and empathy dimensions still need to be improved to achieve optimal satisfaction. The implications of these findings suggest that coaches and club management need to strengthen the quality of existing facilities and infrastructure and develop a more empathetic communication approach with parents. This is crucial for creating a better relationship between coaches and parents, thereby increasing their trust and satisfaction with the services provided. Future research is recommended to expand the number of respondents and identify specific factors influencing satisfaction, so that the results obtained are more comprehensive and applicable in the context of service development in swimming clubs.

Currently, the number of Children with Special Needs (ABK) continues to increase every year, making the role of teachers increasingly vital in providing inclusive education services in schools. This increase in the number of ABK requires teachers to have adequate competencies to provide education tailored to the needs of each child. In this context, inclusive education is crucial, as it provides opportunities for all children, including those with special needs, to learn together in the same environment. This study aims to analyze the role of teachers in the context of inclusive education in Early Childhood Education (PAUD). The method used in this study is qualitative with a narrative approach, conducted in several PAUD institutions in Malang. The results show that teachers have a very important role in inclusive education in PAUD. The role of teachers in question covers several aspects, including the ability to recognize Children with Special Needs (ABK), conduct initial assessments of student needs, and understand how to implement appropriate learning for ABK. In addition, teachers are also expected to be able to use assistive devices to provide simple stimulation to ABK and know how to involve parents in handling ABK. The importance of the teacher's role in inclusive education lies not only in academic abilities, but also in social and emotional skills in creating a supportive learning environment. This research provides valuable insights for the development of training programs for teachers to improve their skills in inclusive education, which is expected to have a positive impact on the quality of education in early childhood education (PAUD). With appropriate training, teachers can be better prepared to face the challenges of teaching children with special needs and ensure that every child receives a quality education tailored to their needs. This research is expected to encourage educational institutions to pay more attention to training and professional development for teachers, so they can contribute optimally to creating inclusive and quality education.

This research was motivated by the problem of children's low ability to coordinate hand and vision movements, which directly impacts their activities and fine motor skills. This study aims to describe the activities of teachers and children and analyze the development of fine motor skills in group A students at Hidayatullah Kindergarten Barito Kuala. This study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with a qualitative design and was conducted over four meetings. The results showed a significant increase in teacher activities and the development of children's fine motor skills. Teacher activities that initially received a score of 18 in the fairly good category increased to a score of 32 in the very good category at the fourth meeting. Meanwhile, at the beginning of the intervention, only 7% of children were in the Very Well Developed (BSB) category. After the first intervention, the percentage of children in the BSB category increased to 27% or five children. A more significant increase occurred at the fourth meeting, with 14 children or 82% falling into the BSB category. The intervention used a project-based learning model combined with a demonstration method in stringing activities using natural materials. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that this model is effective in improving fine motor skills in early childhood. This combination of approaches encourages active child engagement and provides meaningful and contextual learning experiences, contributing to optimal fine motor development.  

In the era of globalization, the world is increasingly developing rapidly, humans no longer pay attention to ethics, morals, and human character. The author sees the role of various parties as very necessary, namely from  parents and especially from a shepherd who is entrusted by God in controlling children who have fallen into the current of the development of the era. So in this case, the role of a serious shepherd is very necessary to educate and shape the character of good children. This article offers how a shepherd can play a role in the formation of a child’s character. The author is aware that currently most children are experiencing a character crisis that is not controlled by the influence of the era of technological and scientific development. Therefore, the shepherd is expected to carry out his duties well, earnestly and in accordance with the teachings and learning of the Christian faith. The goal is to form and create a good generation, with noble morals, responsible and has a character like Christ.

The maternal mortality rate (MMR) in Indonesia remains high, with many cases linked to pregnancy complications associated with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Anemia has widespread effects on women’s reproductive health and child development, including decreased immunity, cognitive impairment, and increased risk of premature birth. One promising nutritional intervention is the consumption of mung bean extract, which is rich in iron. This community service activity aimed to improve public knowledge and skills regarding the benefits of mung bean extract for women's reproductive health and child nutrition. The program involved educational sessions and practical demonstrations delivered to residents in the target area, with active participation from local leaders and community members. The results showed increased awareness and motivation among the participants to consume mung bean extract regularly. The enthusiasm demonstrated by the community indicates the effectiveness of this outreach in raising awareness about the importance of simple nutritional interventions to prevent anemia and improve maternal and child health. It is hoped that this activity can be sustained as a promotive and preventive public health effort.