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The phenomenon of the dual role of wives is a complex social reality amidst the patriarchal culture that is still deeply rooted in Indonesian society. In this social system, women often bear the double burden of domestic responsibilities as well as public roles, which often gives rise to gender inequality, role conflict, and psychological stress. This article aims to analyze the dual role of wives in a patriarchal culture using a gender perspective and maqasid sharia as an analytical framework. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative-descriptive approach to various relevant literature. The results of the study indicate that patriarchal culture tends to limit access and recognition of women's roles, thus contradicting the principle of gender justice. Meanwhile, maqasid sharia emphasizes the values ​​of balance, justice, and benefit in husband-wife relations. The principles of hifz ad-din, hifz an-nafs, hifz al-aql, hifz an-nasl, and hifz al-mal provide theological legitimacy for women's social and economic roles as long as they are carried out within the framework of justice, shared responsibility, and family harmony.  

The implementation of e-government is one of the local government's strategies in improving the quality of public services and realizing Good Governance. This study aims to analyze the implementation of e-government through the Tangerang LIVE Application as an effort to improve Good Governance in the Tangerang City Government. The research method used is a qualitative literature study approach through the search and analysis of various literature sources in the form of books, scientific journals, and official government documents related to e-government, the Tangerang LIVE Application, and the principles of Good Governance. This research analysis uses the Good Governance principles framework according to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), which includes transparency, participation, responsiveness, effectiveness and efficiency, and accountability. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the Tangerang LIVE Application contributes positively to increasing public information disclosure, expanding public participation, accelerating government responses to public complaints, increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of public services, and strengthening the accountability of local government performance. However, there are several obstacles to achieving Good Governance through the Tangerang Live application and these obstacles become an evaluation of the Tangerang City government to innovate through e-government that supports the improvement of Good Governance in the Tangerang City Government. This study recommends strengthening digital literacy, improving institutional coordination, and sustainable system development to ensure optimal and inclusive e-government implementation.

This study examines the implementation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation Number 7 of 2024 concerning the Management of Lobster, Crab, and Blue Swimming Crab in East Kalimantan. As a strategic policy, the regulation aims to ensure sustainable fisheries management through provisions on minimum catch sizes, restocking mechanisms, traceability systems, and law enforcement against illegal fishing and trade. Using an empirical juridical approach, this research collected primary data through questionnaires distributed to fisheries officers, coastal communities, fishers, and aquaculture business actors in East Kalimantan. The results show that the implementation of Regulation No. 7/2024 is generally categorized as moderately effective, with an average Likert score indicating limited but positive compliance. Respondents acknowledged the importance of sustainability principles embedded in the regulation; however, significant challenges persist, including insufficient formal socialization, weak field monitoring, lack of supporting facilities, and inconsistent coordination among implementing agencies (BARANTIN, PSDKP, and local fisheries officers). Qualitative responses highlight that many stakeholders still lack understanding of technical provisions such as minimum size requirements and restocking obligations. The study concludes that while the regulatory framework is normatively comprehensive and aligned with sustainable fisheries principles, its practical effectiveness remains constrained by institutional and socio-cultural factors. Strengthening community engagement, increasing inter-agency coordination, and enhancing enforcement capacity are crucial to optimizing the policy’s impact on the sustainable management of lobster, crab, and blue swimming crab resources in East Kalimantan.

The development of AI is now changing many aspects of our lives, especially in the digital world. However, along with these advances, new challenges have arisen, particularly in the form of digital disinformation. Technologies such as deepfake and voice cloning have made it easy to manipulate a person’s image or voice, often for malicious purposes such as online fraud and the spread of fake news. This study focuses on the ethical violations that occur with the use of AI, particularly in the context of these technologies. It also evaluates the effectiveness of Indonesia's legal framework in combating digital disinformation. Using qualitative research methods based on literature studies, the results highlight several ethical concerns. Fundamental principles such as responsibility, honesty, and justice are often overlooked in the development and application of AI, leading to unethical behavior in the digital sphere. Additionally, the study reveals that the legal regulations currently in place in Indonesia are insufficient to adequately protect the public from the potential abuses of AI technology. This research emphasizes the need for stronger legal and ethical standards to address the growing concerns about AI misuse and to safeguard the public from digital manipulation and disinformation.

This study aims to analyze and synthesize research findings related to the integration of Buddhist values in the development of interactive learning media. The research employed a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review method on fifty selected articles published between 2018 and 2025. Data were collected through a structured process of identification, screening, and extraction from primary sources consisting of accredited national journals and reputable international journals. The data were analyzed using thematic and comparative synthesis techniques to identify patterns, effectiveness, and research gaps. The results show that interactive learning media based on Buddhist values can enhance students’ motivation, moral understanding, and engagement through the use of technologies such as gamification, educational animation, augmented reality, and mobile applications. The effectiveness of these media is strongly influenced by the alignment between Buddhist ethical principles, instructional design, and the cultural context of learning. Furthermore, the study reveals that the successful integration of spiritual values into digital media depends on educators’ readiness, digital literacy, and technological infrastructure support.

Background: Criminal justice reform has become a crucial global issue in maintaining the balance between the protection of individual rights and state authority, particularly amid the increasing complexity of law enforcement and the risk of abuse of power. Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between the principles of due process of law, legal accountability, and the rule of law within criminal justice systems, as well as to compare their implementation in common law and civil law systems. Methods: This research employs a normative and comparative approach through the analysis of legal regulations, criminal justice practices, case studies of procedural violations, and cross-country comparisons, supported by interviews with academics and legal practitioners. Results: The findings indicate that although the principles of due process, legal accountability, and the rule of law are widely recognized, their implementation still faces significant challenges, including weak oversight, procedural inconsistencies, and limited institutional capacity. The comparative analysis also reveals a growing convergence between common law and civil law systems in adopting human rights-based standards, despite differences in procedural approaches. This study concludes that the holistic integration of these three principles is essential to establish a fair, transparent, and accountable criminal justice system.

This study presents an ethical framework for learning analytics aimed at addressing key challenges related to the collection and use of student data in higher education. Learning analytics, a powerful tool for improving student outcomes and institutional decision-making, has raised ethical concerns regarding data privacy, transparency, fairness, and equity. The proposed framework integrates four core principles: data privacy, informed consent, transparency, and fairness, ensuring that institutions use learning analytics responsibly while safeguarding student rights. A central feature of the framework is its focus on promoting equitable decision-making, minimizing bias, and preventing the reinforcement of existing inequalities in algorithmic and data-driven decisions. The framework also emphasizes the importance of continuous ethical oversight, holding institutions accountable for ethical data use and adapting practices as technology evolves. The study concludes that the framework offers a comprehensive solution to the ethical challenges in learning analytics, providing institutions with a practical guide to embedding ethical principles in data practices. Additionally, the research discusses its potential to foster fairness, equity, and transparency in decision-making processes. Future research is recommended to refine the framework and explore its application across various educational contexts, ensuring responsible and inclusive use of learning analytics.

Belawa Village, located in Lemahabang District, Cirebon Regency, West Java, is famous for the Labi-labi Belawa tourist attraction. This study aims to develop a sustainable tourism village at the Cikuya Tourist Attraction in Belawa Village. This model is expected to be an integrated solution to support the implementation of sustainable tourism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, with quantitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the implementation of sustainable tourism in Cikuya is evident through environmental preservation and the conservation of the Belawa turtle habitat. Although the management is not yet optimal, there are practices of utilizing organic waste, such as chicken manure for animal feed and coconut shells for souvenirs, supporting the circular economy concept. Community participation in cultural activities also supports the social and cultural aspects of sustainable tourism, although it is still incidental and has not yet been programmed sustainably. However, the implementation of sustainable tourism in Cikuya is not yet fully optimal, despite having strong natural and conservation potential. Structural and operational barriers, such as accessibility, human resources, institutional governance, economy, socio-culture, and policy support, affect the effectiveness of applying sustainability principles.

This study aims to design and develop an electrical installation panel by applying engineering safety principles in the water spray booth of a vehicle body painting system. Field observations indicate that electrical panels in painting rooms often do not meet safety standards, which can lead to short circuits and potential fire hazards. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using a simplified Borg and Gall model consisting of nine stages, starting from problem identification to effectiveness testing. Expert validation results obtained a score of 87.5% (highly valid), practicality testing yielded 90% (very practical), and effectiveness tests showed an average current of 4.1 A, with both the MCB and emergency stop functioning optimally. The developed panel product is declared feasible to be used as a practical learning media for automotive electrical systems. Based on the test results, the panel product was declared suitable for use and can be used as a learning medium in automotive electrical practice, helping to increase understanding of the application of safety in electrical installations in the automotive industry.  

Gender equality in the religious sphere in Indonesia is a complex phenomenon, shaped by the interaction between theological doctrines, institutional practices, and the socio-cultural context of each tradition. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review to analyze six major religions in Indonesia: Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, Hindu Dharma, Buddhism, and Confucianism. The analysis focuses on three main dimensions: theological perspectives regarding gender roles and positions, social changes influencing gender relations, and transformations in institutional structures and practices that support gender equality. The findings indicate that historically, women were often placed in subordinate positions due to patriarchal norms, although the core teachings of these religions contain egalitarian principles and recognition of women’s dignity. Contemporary transformations are reflected in the reinterpretation of religious texts and practices that promote gender equality: Catholicism emphasizes the recognition of women’s dignity within the clerical hierarchy; Protestantism opens opportunities for the ordination of female pastors; Islam reinterprets the principles of Qawwamun and family law rights; Balinese Hindu Dharma adjusts women’s roles in rituals and public spheres; Buddhism revives the bhikkhuni order within the sangha; and Confucianism modernizes the interpretation of Wu Lun and San Cong to emphasize mutual responsibilities between husband and wife. In conclusion, despite persistent patriarchal challenges, this study affirms that religion has the potential to act as an agent of social transformation promoting gender equality while maintaining the moral, spiritual, and traditional values distinctive to each tradition. These findings contribute significantly to academic literature, interfaith dialogue, and the development of more gender-inclusive policies.

Local government accounting policies provide the foundation for financial reporting. The Budget Realization Report (LRA) compares budgeted and actual figures, with the resulting balance recorded as the Sisa Lebih Pembiayaan Anggaran (SILPA, excess financing surplus). This study in East Lombok Regency aims to quantify the SILPA in the 2024 APBD and to analyze the financial accounting policies used in its determination. A descriptive approach combining qualitative and quantitative methods was applied. Data were collected via structured interviews with local finance officials, observations, and document analysis of APBD financial reports. Qualitative data were reduced and presented to describe policy factors, while quantitative analysis computed the SILPA value. Results show the 2024 LRA recorded a SILPA of IDR 6,414,658,153.17, indicating unused budget funds. These funds will finance the 2025 budget deficit for investment and equity in regional companies. The accounting policy for SILPA determination considered key principles such as prudence, substance over form, and materiality, in accordance with government accounting standards (e.g. applying the conservatism principle to avoid recognizing uncertain revenues). This analysis highlights how regional financial policies influence the management of budget surpluses.

Every individual possesses both rights and obligations that must be understood and exercised in a balanced manner to maintain social order, justice, and collective well-being. A clear understanding of citizens’ responsibilities is essential for creating a prosperous and harmonious society. This study examines the rights and obligations of citizens as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, with a primary focus on exploring how the Constitution guarantees, regulates, and implements these fundamental principles in national life. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through desk research, analysis of constitutional provisions, examination of relevant legal documents, and review of related academic literature. The findings indicate that the 1945 Constitution provides strong protection for fundamental human rights, including the rights to education, health services, employment, legal protection, and freedom of expression. At the same time, the Constitution clearly outlines citizens’ obligations, such as obeying the law, paying taxes, respecting the rights of others, participating in national defense, and contributing to social harmony. The study emphasizes that rights and obligations are interconnected and must be carried out proportionally. Understanding and applying these constitutional principles is crucial for strengthening democratic governance, enhancing legal awareness, and fostering a just, orderly, and sovereign nation.

Solid waste management in Makassar City constitutes a strategic issue that extends beyond technical and administrative concerns to encompass legal, ethical, and socioreligious dimensions. Although the local government has established regulatory frameworks and policy instruments for waste management, empirical conditions reveal a persistent gap between legal norms and their implementation, as reflected in high waste generation rates, weak source segregation, limited public participation, and increasing pressure on landfill capacity. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of waste management in Makassar City from the perspective of Islamic law and to examine the potential integration of Sharia principles in strengthening sustainable environmental governance. The research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design based on policy analysis, literature review, and theoretical synthesis of Islamic legal doctrines, particularly maqāṣid al-sharīʿah and fiqh al-bī’ah. The findings indicate that, despite the existence of adequate local legal instruments, waste management practices remain ineffective due to insufficient internalization of ethical values, weak law enforcement, and limited behavioral change within society. From the perspective of Islamic law, these conditions demonstrate the incomplete realization of the principles of amanah (trust and responsibility), maslahah (public interest), and the prevention of harm (lā ḍarar wa lā ḍirār) in both governmental practice and public conduct, thereby undermining the objectives of protecting human life and the environment. The implications of this research highlight the importance of synergizing positive law and Islamic legal principles to promote environmentally sustainable governance oriented toward long-term public welfare.  

The Regional Regulation Formation Agency (Bapemperda) is a legislative body under the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) that plays a key role in the creation of regional regulations. This study analyzes the function of the Bapemperda of the West Java Provincial DPRD in 2025 throughout the entire regulation formation process using a qualitative approach. The results show that Bapemperda carries out strategic tasks including the preparation of Propemperda (Regional Regulation Proposals), coordination and harmonization of Draft Regional Regulations (Raperda), monitoring discussions, and evaluating the content of the material. In 2025, Bapemperda established 10 Draft Regional Regulations (Raperda) (3 proposed by the DPRD and 7 proposed by the Governor). Bapemperda functions as a bridge for political communication and quality control of regional regulations. Its effectiveness is influenced by coordination, member professionalism, and consistent application of regulatory principles. Challenges faced include time constraints, complexity of substance, and political dynamics. The study recommends strengthening institutional capacity and optimizing the documentation system to support good governance.

The evaluation of Indonesian language instruction at the junior secondary level remains predominantly oriented toward lower-order thinking skills, thereby constraining the advancement of students’Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). This situation necessitates the development of comprehensive assessment tools that are coherently aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. The present study introduces a model for constructing HOTS-oriented assessment instruments targeting procedural text writing in Phase D. The development process was systematically organized through several stages: translating learning outcomes into measurable indicators, preparing assessment blueprints, creating item cards, formulating scoring rubrics for attitudes, knowledge, and skills, and finally analyzing and interpreting the assessment data. These instruments were specifically designed to capture students’ analytical, evaluative, and creative abilities in producing procedural texts that are logical, coherent, and effective. Findings demonstrate that the instruments provide an objective and holistic representation of students’ competency attainment. In summary, the proposed HOTS-based assessment model for procedural text writing is practical, methodical, and contextually relevant, serving as a valuable framework for evaluating Indonesian language learning in accordance with the Merdeka Curriculum principles.

This article aims to provide a comprehensive literature review on how professional ethics can serve as an effective strategy to prevent fund misuse within organizational financial management. Professional ethics is viewed as a set of moral values, behavioral norms, and professional standards that guide financial managers to perform their duties with honesty, responsibility, and without conflicts of interest. In the context of financial management, these duties include recording, budgeting, monitoring, and reporting financial activities, all of which require accuracy and transparency. The study highlights five main principles of professional ethics: integrity, objectivity, professional competence, confidentiality, and professional behavior. These principles clarify rules, strengthen accountability, and ensure that financial processes comply with established standards. The literature review shows that applying professional ethics not only encourages individuals to act correctly but also enhances responsibility, improves performance, and strengthens financial oversight. Integrity and objectivity play a crucial role in preventing report manipulation, budget inflation, and fund misuse, as these principles demand moral courage and fair decision-making. Professional competence ensures that every financial process is carried out accurately and in accordance with regulations, while confidentiality protects sensitive information from misuse. Professional behavior emphasizes adherence to laws, organizational policies, and professional standards. The article also identifies several supporting factors that enable the effective implementation of professional ethics, such as strong internal policies, leadership commitment to integrity, an ethical workplace culture, layered supervision systems, and continuous ethics training. Conversely, common challenges include weak internal controls, limited understanding of ethics, organizational pressure, conflicts of interest, and inconsistent application of ethical standards. Therefore, this article underscores that integrating professional ethics into organizational financial policies, procedures, and management systems is a key step in preventing fund misuse and strengthening stakeholder trust in the organization’s transparency and accountability.

The rapid development of digital technology has significantly transformed financial transactions in Indonesia, particularly through the growing use of e-wallets as practical and efficient payment tools. In a country with a Muslim-majority population, ensuring that e-wallet services comply with Islamic principles—free from riba, gharar, and maysir—is essential. This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s legal politics in regulating the use of e-wallets within the Islamic financial system and to assess their alignment with sharia principles. This research employs a normative juridical method with a qualitative descriptive approach by examining laws, regulations, and fatwas related to sharia-based fintech. The findings indicate that the Indonesian regulatory framework—through the OJK, Bank Indonesia, and DSN-MUI—has attempted to harmonize policies to support sharia-compliant digital financial services. However, several challenges remain, including limited e-wallet platforms with sharia certification, low digital sharia literacy among users, and the absence of detailed technical regulations specific to sharia e-wallet operations. This study recommends strengthening regulatory guidelines, increasing public literacy, and enhancing collaboration between regulators and the fintech industry to promote the development of sharia-compliant e-wallets that are secure, innovative, and aligned with Islamic financial principles.

Pancasila is a guideline in life that guides the formation of character to become better and considers the norms and values contained within an individual. This study aims to analyze how the implementation of Pancasila values can be realized in the digital era. The method used is a literature study (library research) by reviewing various journals, books, and scientific sources related to the relevance and challenges of Pancasila in the digital era. The results of the study show that most people have implemented Pancasila values through attitudes of mutual respect, mutual care, upholding tolerance, being responsible in all actions, and actively participating in creating a safe and harmonious social media environment in the digital era. This study concludes that strengthening the implementation of Pancasila in the digital era can contribute to the development of ethical, integrity-driven, and nationally aware character. nationality. Therefore, it is necessary to make efforts for self-awareness to continue upholding the values of Pancasila by shaping oneself according to the principles contained in Pancasila.  

This study explores how the drafting process of the Bill (RUU) for the Revision of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), which was approved to become Law Number 3 of 2025, occurred amidst massive public protests, with an emphasis on violations of the principles of openness, participation, and accountability as regulated in the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Formation of Legislative Regulations. The public's rejection illustrates the potential for abusive law making, threats to civilian dominance, and the possibility of a return to the dual function of the military from the New Order period, supported by protests, petitions from civil society organizations such as NU, WALHI, and KONTRAS, as well as an application for constitutional review to the Constitutional Court. Adopting the perspective of Habermas’s theory of deliberative democracy and Weber’s concept of legitimacy, this research asserts that the argument for the annulment of this Bill is growing stronger, in order to uphold democratic law making and the protection of human rights.

The Islamic insurance industry in Indonesia, including in the city of Medan, continues to face various challenges, one of which is the low level of public participation in using Islamic insurance products. Public decisions to choose Islamic insurance are influenced not only by economic factors but also by non-economic factors, such as the level of religiosity, Islamic financial literacy, and trust in insurance service providers. This study aims to examine in depth the role of religiosity, financial literacy, and trust in influencing public decisions regarding the use of Islamic insurance in Medan City. This research employs a qualitative approach by utilizing secondary data obtained from reports of the Financial Services Authority (OJK), the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), fatwas issued by the National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council (DSN-MUI), as well as relevant national and international scholarly articles. Data analysis was conducted using content analysis techniques to obtain a comprehensive understanding of public behavior, perceptions, and preferences. The findings indicate that religiosity plays a role in increasing awareness of the importance of financial products that comply with sharia principles, financial literacy strengthens public understanding of the benefits and mechanisms of Islamic insurance, while trust emerges as the key factor most decisively influencing decision-making. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for formulating strategies to enhance public literacy and trust in Islamic insurance in Medan City.