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Citizens are one of the elements of state formation because the state cannot be formed without citizens. The link between the two is citizenship. Each country has different methods in determining citizenship in the country. Regulations regarding citizenship in Indonesia are listed in Law number 12 of 2006. The Republic of Indonesia uses the principles of ius soli and ius sanguinis in determining citizenship status. Indonesia basically adheres to the principle of single citizenship where one person is only allowed to have one citizenship. However, there are exceptions for children from mixed marriages who have the opportunity to have limited dual citizenship before they are 18 (eighteen) years old or married. This is regulated in article 6 of Law number 12 of 2006 concerning Indonesian citizenship. However, in practice there are still many Indonesian citizens above 18 (eighteen) years old and who do not meet the requirements to obtain limited dual citizenship status. Explained in Article 23 of Law No. 12/2006, the legal consequences that will be accepted if this happens are the loss of Indonesian citizenship status.

This research is a remarkable initiative that aims to empower villagers, especially kartars and local communities, to understand and harness the power of digital content for education, promotion, and social empowerment. The training consists of various factors in the world of digital content, including photography, writing, online marketing, and social media management. The method of implementing community service program activities begins with an approach to students of Sunan Giri University Surabaya, using methods known as Participatory Action Research (PAR), Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD), and a mixed approach. Activities were carried out in the Hall of Panjunan Village Hall, Sukodono District. The methods applied involved implementation methods in community service programs as well as training and counseling methods. The active involvement of the participants, creating strong cooperation between students and the community, thus creating a sustainable positive impact in the utilization of digital content to improve the quality of life and community empowerment.

Literary work is a work of imagination expressed in written form by a writer. These literary works are created by writers for aesthetic purposes. Literary works often tell a story, plot, characterization and conflict background. Stories based on essays or true stories produced as literary works, to convey ideas and positive messages from the author to readers. The method used in this research is qualitative analysis and is linked to Maslow's Needs theory. Needs are very often called basic needs which are described as a hierarchy that describes the levels of needs, namely, physiological needs, safety, social needs, ego, and self-actualization. The method used is related to the conditions and situations of the subject in the novel. In the novel Dear Nathan, there are characters that will be discussed, namely Nathan, Salma, Daniel, Ardi (Papa Nathan), and Mama Meli (Mama Nathan), the characters consist of character, protagonist, antagonist, tritagonist. Mixed storyline, sad, happy, touched, regretful. Messages in the novel: Be grateful, learn to understand, give love, be sincere, be loyal, keep promises, make sacrifices, be faithful. In this research, it is hoped that readers can understand the message given by the author.

This research aims to determine the application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters for class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati. Based on the results of observations, there is a problem with class VII students at SMPN 1 Gunungwungkal Pati, namely that students still have difficulty using the right words and writing a message on personal letter writing material, because the learning model used by the teacher is not appropriate. This research uses mixed methods. Data collection was carried out using test and non-test techniques. The test technique is in the form of working on personal letter writing test questions, and the non-test technique is in the form of observation and questionnaires. Based on the research results, before implementing the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model in learning to write personal letters, teachers still used Discovery Based Learning techniques for the learning process of writing personal letters and only used Indonesian language textbooks as learning support materials. The application of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) model has proven that students are more active during learning. The (CIRC) model also makes students more enthusiastic and makes it easier for students to understand the material for writing personal letters.  

As one of the regions with extraordinary cultural wealth, West Java has a variety of arts and cultures that have been passed down from generation to generation. Saung Angklung Udjo is present as one of the realizations of the commitment to preserve and develop traditional arts. In its role, Saung Angklung Udjo not only functions as an art performance venue but also as a cultural literacy tool that plays an important role in maintaining and developing cultural wealth in West Java. Through the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods (mixed methods), this research will try to explain that Saung Angklung Udjo is a cultural literacy tool that plays an important role in West Java. The results showed that based on the questionnaire results, 95.8% of Indonesians agreed with the statements contained in the questionnaire, which means that Saung Angklung Udjo has a very crucial role as a means of cultural literacy in West Java.

The present study was conducted during school closure during the pandemic period, from 2020 to 2022. This study aims to explore teachers’ responses to the difficulties in using the online platform, and how teachers cope with the challenges in running online classes. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques included interviews, observations, and document analysis. The study participants were seven junior high school teachers in Mataram, West Nusa Tenggara. They had mixed work experiences. The results of the study showed that teachers responded differently to the demand for teaching using an online platform. Most teachers conducted online classes on a pro forma basis in order to comply with government policies. They viewed themselves unprepared to participate in online classes. The study also found teachers’ difficulties in teaching online classes due to students’ lack of adequate knowledge, skills and motivation in utilizing the online platforms provided by their schools. The study concludes that there is a need for comprehensive training and support for teachers to effectively adapt to online teaching methods. Additionally, it suggests that schools should invest in improving students' digital literacy skills to enhance their engagement and success in online learning environments.    

The purpose of this research is to determine the position of existing common property before the creation of a marriage agreement by mixed-marriage couples after the marriage has taken place. Additionally, it aims to understand the legal consequences of marriage agreements made by mixed-marriage couples after the marriage, particularly regarding the ownership of common property, in accordance with Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage post-Constitutional Court Decision Number 69/PUU-XIII/2015. This research employs a normative juridical method with a descriptive-analytical research specification, connecting issues comprehensively based on relevant legal regulations. Data collection techniques include literature review and field study conducted through interviews at the Notary and PPAT Office. The research results indicate that the position of common property that existed before the creation of the marriage agreement by mixed-marriage couples after the marriage remains as joint property. However, the separation of common property can be applied after the marriage agreement is made. The legal consequences regarding common property depend on the type of asset. If the common property includes immovable assets such as land in Indonesia, it becomes the property of the Indonesian citizen. As for movable common property, it is adjusted based on the agreement between the parties. The legal consequences of marriage agreements made after marriage concerning common property that is already involved with third parties will be binding on the third party. It is advisable to keep it as common property to avoid harming third parties.

This article discusses the implementation of learning at MI which links mixed learning, namely online and offline. In this case, there is Bleanded Learning, namely mixed learning. This research was conducted using a literature review method and literature study by examining several articles that discussed issues related to the problem. The aim of this research is that this article is able to provide an overview of the implementation of Arabic language learning in the modern era, which makes it easier for students and educators. The results of this research are that technology can be a tool for implementing learning through applications that focus on Arabic language learning.

In Indonesia, every individual has the right to citizenship status, as regulated in Article 28D Paragraph 4 of the 1945 Constitution which states that "every person has the right to citizenship status." Even though Law Number 12 of 2006 concerning Citizenship of the Republic of Indonesia in principle does not recognize dual citizenship, several legal experts and activists have proposed that Indonesia provide protection for mixed marriage families by implementing the principle of dual citizenship. This article aims to determine the impact of dual citizenship on Indonesian citizens. The research method used is a qualitative approach with library study data analysis techniques. Conceptually, dual citizenship can be interpreted narrowly and broadly. In a narrow sense, dual citizenship refers to the concept of dual citizenship (dual citizenship/nationality) in the status of a person who has two citizenships from two different countries. In a broad sense, dual citizenship is expanded not only to dual citizenship, but also to more than multiple citizenships (plural/multiple citizenship/nationality). In general, dual citizenship can arise due to the application of the principles of citizenship in terms of reciprocal birth (interplay), between the principles of jus sanguinis and jus soli or the naturalization of a citizen of one country to another country.

Japan and the Philippines are countries rich in history, culture, and natural wealth closely tied to the sea. Japan has engaged in maritime diplomacy with the Philippines in the realm of security. Maritime security cooperation between the two nations forms the foundation for collaboration in the management of marine resources, cultural exchanges, economics, and maritime security. The objective of this research is to examine the impacts that can result from Japan-Philippines cooperation on Japan's maritime security. This research employs a mixed-methodology to elucidate the scope and impacts stemming from Japan-Philippines cooperation on Japan's maritime security. The research findings demonstrate that the impact of Japan-Philippines cooperation on maritime security provides critical access and plays a vital role in strengthening regional security in the area. Success in achieving assured maritime security conditions has positive effects on Japan in various sectors, especially in the trade sector. This leads to an increase in trust and facilitates smooth trade activities in the maritime region due to guaranteed maritime security. This approach reflects Japan's commitment to being more proactive in upholding global maritime security and collaborating with its regional partners to achieve shared prosperity and peace in the region and the world.

This research aims to investigate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, media relations strategies, corporate branding, communication styles, and entrepreneurship education on the financial performance of online service companies amidst turbulent market conditions. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and content analysis. Sampling will target a diverse range of online service companies, focusing on those operating in sectors heavily impacted by the pandemic. Data analysis will involve thematic coding to identify key factors shaping financial performance. Findings will shed light on the interplay between external factors, communication strategies, and entrepreneurship education in navigating challenging market landscapes, providing insights for both academia and industry.

Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Airport located in Bima regency, West Nusa Tenggara is the main terminal for the people of Bima and its surroundings who travel using air services. As the main terminal for Bima people who will travel by air service, Bima Airport must have a risk management system in accordance with applicable regulations, especially in the airside area where all aircraft operational activities take place in the airside area. This study aims to determine the suitability of the safety criteria of Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Bima Airport and the steps taken by the airport in the event of a non-conformity or an event that can be categorized as hazard identification and Risk assessment (HIRA). This study used mixed methods Data collection was carried out by observation, structured interviews and documentation. The general data in this study is primary data and secondary data. Data analysis used using qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The results of this study are based on research that has been carried out based on ISO 31000 on Aviation Hazard Risk Management Analysis on the Airside Side as an effort to minimize the risk of accidents with the Hira method at Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Airport which is carried out using stages consisting of the risk identification stage, risk analysis and risk evaluation as well as the risk treatment stage, So from the study 10 dangers and risks that are likely to occur. Of the 10 risks, there are 9 risks in the red zone (high) and 1 risk in the yellow zone (medium). Of the 10 risks, they then get treatment or control because they are in the red zone and yellow zone. Controlling the possibility of 10 existing risks, Sultan Muhammad Salahuddin Airport uses control measures in implementing measures to minimize the impact of possible risks that occur, namely avoiding and reducing risks. This is supported by risk treatment carried out by the company and adjusted to 10 risks that are likely to occur.

Heart failure is a pathophysiological condition where the heart's function as a pump is no longer able to meet the need for blood throughout the body for tissue metabolism (Price, 2015). This situation causes a decrease in cardiac output which can cause comfort problems based on clinical manifestations such as tightness, pain, heart palpitations, a feeling of coldness in the peripheral area, even swelling, muscle stiffness, numbness, and other subjective feelings felt by the patient himself. is defined as a disturbance of comfort because it is difficult for someone to determine the feeling they are experiencing so that the use of the word comfort is more appropriate to describe the feelings experienced by the patient so it is appropriate that in this condition there is a disturbance of comfort in the patient (Potter & Perry, 2014). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydro-aromatherapy on comfort in Heart Failure patients. This research method is a quasi-experimental pre test and post test with two groups, namely the intervention and control groups. Research data collection was carried out during September 2023 at the Integrated Heart Center (PJT) RSUP.H. Adam Malik Medan. The number of respondents with a diagnosis of CHF that met the study inclusion and exclusion criteria was 32 patients. In the intervention group, they were given a warm water foot soak mixed with aromatherapy oil, while in the control group they only soaked their feet in warm water. Measurement of comfort level uses the "daisy comfort scale" or the numerical daisy comfort intensity scale (Kolcaba, 2000). The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference in effect on increasing comfort levels (p<0.005) in the intervention group by soaking feet in warm water mixed with aromatherapy oil (p=0.000). Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that soaking feet in warm water mixed with aromatherapy oils in heart failure patients can increase comfort.

Drug management is a cycle including selection, procurement, distribution and use which is supported by an appropriate organizational structure, finances and management information system. The aim of this research is to determine drug management in the Pharmacy Installation at RSUD dr. Soeratno Gemolong, Sragen Regency.This research uses prospective and retrospective methods. Where retrospective data is taken from 2022 data. Prospective data is taken through direct observation. The results of this research are: the percentage of available funds and the required funds is 80%, the percentage of procurement and actual use is 98%, invoice errors are 0.47%, there are no delayed payments by hospitals, compatibility between drugs and stock cards is 100% , drug availability level of 16 months, warehouse management system with FIFO, FEFO and LASA marking systems, average time used to serve compounded prescriptions is 11 minutes and non-mixed prescriptions is 7 minutes, conformity of drug items with the National Formulary is 93%, frequency of procurement of each drug item 4-6x a year, turn over ratio 3 times, percentage of expired and damaged drug value 5.05%, dead stock percentage 3%, number of drug items per prescription sheet 3.5 items, percentage of prescriptions with generic names 88%. These results indicate that drug management in the Pharmacy Installation at RSUD dr. Soeratno Gemolong, Sragen Regency is not yet good.

Background: CT (Computed Tomography) Scan modality is very useful for obtaining a diagnosis of tumors in the abdominal cavity. The procedure carried out in abdominal MSCT uses contrast media. The contrast media commonly used in abdominal MSCT examinations can be intravenous, oral and anal. Kupang Hospital uses contrast media intravenously, orally and anally. The aim of this study was to determine the procedure for examining abdominal MSCT with clinical lower abdominal tumors using a multiphase technique using intravenous contrast media in the form of iodine water soluble with a dual syringe injector and NaCl liquid and orally with a volume of 750 ml of mineral water mixed with 5 ml of contrast media to drink before The examination then takes place via anal examination in the form of negative water contrast media mixed with iodine water soluble contrast media with a 50 cc syringe and also to find out the reasons for using contrast media intravenously, orally and anally in abdominal MSCT examinations with clinical lower abdominal tumors. Method: This research design is qualitative with a case study approach. The subjects of this study were patients with clinical lower abdominal tumors. Research respondents were 2 Radiographers, 1 Radiology Specialist. The data collection method was taken by observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and documentation, then data analysis and conclusion drawing were carried out. Results: The results of this study are about the abdominal MSCT examination procedure and the reasons for using contrast media injection techniques with clinical lower abdominal tumors in the Kupang Hospital Radiology Installation. Conclusion: The use of the technique of intravenous administration of contrast media aims to anatomically visualize vascularization, distinguish blood vessels from masses, determine the level of vascular displacement or invasion by tumors and by inserting contrast media orally it aims to provide opacification of the intestine and assist in diagnosing existing abnormalities in the intestine such as ulceration, perforation, obstruction, and space occupying lesions then through anal purposes to fill the large intestine, able to provide an overview of colonic distension and colon cancer. The use of contrast media injection techniques via intravenous, oral and anal is because the patient can make preparations as expected .

In general, there are still several obstacles standing in the way of MSMEs' growth in Indonesia. The main challenge MSMEs in Majalaya District, Bandung Regency, encounter when running their enterprises is marketing. Due to the significant influence that marketing effectiveness has on corporate growth, stakeholders need to take this seriously. Additionally, MSMEs' ability to thrive is largely dependent on their brand's power to raise its market share due to the increasingly fierce competition that exists among business actors nowadays. The main objective of the program is to help MSMEs understand the principles of marketing strategy and the marketing mix. The implementation method for the counseling is using Zoom Meeting as the medium. The activity was preceded with a presentation of the questions, answers, and material. Following that, a participant's business case study was conducted, and the participants had a discussion.

This research uses a qualitative approach. The data for this research are speech obtained from speech events between sellers and buyers at the Malino People's Market, Gowa Regency. Language is the object of research and language use (sellers and buyers) is the subject of this research. The data source is the speech of sellers and buyers, which occurred in buying and selling transactions at the Malino People's Market, Gowa Regency, which were carried out from December 2022 to January 2023. The method used to collect data was the observation, listening, recording and note-taking method. Data analysis was carried out by adhering to a flow model data analysis flow which includes four activity steps, namely (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation, and (4) conclusion/verification. The research results show that (1) The variety of buying and selling languages ​​at the Malino People's Market, Gowa Regency consists of (a) Sellers and buyers use Makassar language; (b) Sellers and buyers use the Makassar dialect of Indonesian; (c) Sellers and buyers use Bugis language; (d) The seller uses the Makassar dialect of Indonesian and the buyer uses the Jakarta dialect of Indonesian; (e) Sellers and buyers use the Jakarta dialect of Indonesian; (f) The seller uses Makassar language and the buyer uses Indonesian; (g) The seller uses Makassar language instead of Indonesian and the buyer uses Indonesian; (h) The seller uses Makassar language instead of Bugis language and the buyer uses Bugis language; (i) Sellers and buyers use a code-mixed language of Makassar or Bugis and Indonesian. (2) The interaction pattern in buying and selling interactions at the Malino People's Market, Gowa Regency consists of (a) transaction objectives; (b) the relationship between the seller and the buyer is personal: (c) bargaining; (d) the seller in his interaction develops verbal persuasion; (e) buyers in interactions develop verbal persuasion. (3) The speech levels of sellers and buyers in buying and selling interactions at the Malino People's Market, Gowa Regency consist of high, medium and medium levels.  

Writing and publishing scientific papers is something that is not only important for researchers, but also for teachers who teach in junior high to high school related to the need to increase teacher professionalism. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the need for training in the ability to write scientific articles in English teachers. This research employs mixed methods whereby quantitative data analysis will be supported by qualitative analysis. Purposive random sampling was used in the selection of research respondents which involved 30 teachers as a sample of a total of 150 English teacher population. This analysis was carried out based on the factors that can affect the difficulty of the process of writing scientific papers including the writing environment; obstacles caused by the topic of writing; the author’s motivation; and the processes, knowledge, and skills involved in writing. The results of this study are expected to be able to become a reference in developing writing training, especially for English teachers and can be an evaluation for teachers about the actions that must be taken to develop the ability to write scientific pap  

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a very important role in the Indonesian economy. In the era of technological development and digitization in various fields, MSMEs as a type of business that has a large role in building the economy also need to experience development in the field of technology in marketing their products. The purpose of this service is to develop MSMEs in terms of digital marketing and expand the MSMEs marketing network. One example of MSMEs that need digital marketing assistance is UMKM Meatballs and Mixed Ice "Family". The method used in this community service activity is divided into four stages, namely the survey stage, the digital marketing socialization stage, digital marketing assistance and the maintenance and evaluation stages. Digital marketing assistance activities for UMKM Meatballs and Mixed Ice "Family" are a form of community service with the aim of developing and participating in elevating regional potential so that they can have a marketing network that is not limited to the local market.

Pronunciation plays an important role in communication. It provides the different meaning of English words when they are pronounced differently especially English diphthongs. Producing errors in pronouncing English diphthongs cause misunderstanding in communication. The research was aimed to know(1) the commonmispronounced diphthongs by the second semester of English Study Program’s students atintermediate speaking class and (2) the causation of errors in pronouncing English diphthongs. The mixed method research was used to get the data. The qualitative data were taken based on the observations, documentations, and interviews, meanwhile the quantitative data were taken based on the errors of the students on the tests. The results of the research were described by the percentages. The students commonly made diphthong errors as follows/uә/= 19.3%, /eә/= 21.3%, /ei/= 20%,/aʊ/= 13.10%, and/ɪә/= 26.2%.The errors happened in the classifications ofsubstitution = 46.9%, insertion = 13.8%, and omission = 39.3%. It happened because of the influence of inter-lingual and intra-lingual factors.