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This research is motivated by the challenges in history learning which tend to be conventional and less interesting so that it has an impact on students' low understanding of history material. The use of digital technology through a virtual tour of the museum is an innovative alternative to present a more interactive and contextual learning experience. Wajakensis Museum as a regional museum with a collection of historical artifacts in Tulungagung has great potential as a learning resource rich in historical and cultural values. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of utilizing the virtual tour of the Wajakensis Museum in improving students' understanding in history learning for class X SMAN 1 Kauman Tulungagung. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Wajakensis Museum virtual tour is effective in improving students' understanding of historical material by providing a more interesting, visual, and interactive learning experience. In addition, the use of virtual tours also increases student enthusiasm and participation during the learning process. Teachers and students stated that this media provides ease and efficiency of learning, especially in conditions of limited access to physical museums. The implications of this study indicate that the integration of technology in history learning can be a solution to improve the quality of history education and significantly enrich students' learning experiences.

The implementation of office management systems in government agencies is one of the efforts to improve administrative efficiency. This study is motivated by the importance of the effectiveness of administrative work in the modern era, especially in the Office of the Ministry of Religious Affairs of East Kutai Regency. This study aims to determine how much influence the implementation of office management systems has on administrative efficiency. The method used is a quantitative approach with simple linear regression analysis. The population in this study was 40 respondents. The results showed that the office management system variable (X) had a positive effect on administrative efficiency (Y), with a correlation coefficient of 0.867 and a significant t-test value. The contribution of the office management system to administrative efficiency was 75.2%. Thus, the implementation of the office management system has a major impact on administrative efficiency, although there are other factors that also influence it. Therefore, improving the quality of office management, including document management, technology utilization, internal communication, and supervision, needs to be continuously developed to support optimal administrative services..

The State Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBN) is a fundamental fiscal policy instrument for realizing national development and public welfare. This study aims to analyze the correlation between APBN management and Indonesia’s economic growth, focusing on the effectiveness of government spending and oversight of budget misappropriations. Based on the 2023 audit report by the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK), financial losses due to APBN mismanagement reached IDR 8.2 trillion, highlighting the weakness in financial oversight and transparency. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores the significance of budget efficiency and the implementation of APBN’s fiscal functions in supporting macroeconomic stability. The findings suggest that government spending significantly influences economic growth, yet its effectiveness is heavily dependent on robust monitoring systems and sound fiscal strategies. Therefore, strengthening fiscal transparency and supervision is crucial to prevent state losses and promote equitable development.

Law enforcement is a fundamental pillar in upholding justice and maintaining social order. Indonesia and Malaysia, as neighboring countries with shared historical backgrounds and legal systems—both influenced by Continental European law and local customary laws—demonstrate different approaches in their judicial systems and law enforcement practices. This study aims to compare the judicial systems of both countries in terms of law enforcement, focusing on institutional structures, criminal and civil court mechanisms, and the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies such as the police, prosecution, and judiciary. The research employs a qualitative method with a juridical-comparative approach, analyzing legal documents, legislation, and scholarly literature. The findings reveal that although both countries share basic legal principles, significant differences exist in terms of judicial independence, procedural efficiency, as well as transparency and accountability of law enforcement institutions. This study is expected to contribute to the reform of Indonesia’s judicial system by adopting positive practices from the Malaysian legal framework. 

Mobile commerce has become a crucial element in the business world, opening up new opportunities to increase efficiency and effectiveness in operator card sales. This research aims to investigate the extent to which the use of mobile commerce can be applied to improve operator card sales performance. Research methods include customer surveys, transactional data analysis, and interviews with relevant stakeholders. Data was collected to evaluate mobile commerce adoption, factors influencing usage, and its impact on increasing operator card sales. The research results show that the use of mobile commerce has significant potential to optimize the operator's card sales process. Factors such as user convenience, transaction security, and accessibility of product information play an important role in the acceptance of this technology. By implementing mobile commerce effectively, companies can expand market share, increase customer satisfaction, and achieve sustainable business growth. These findings provide strategic insight for developing business models that are more adaptive to mobile commerce trends. Practical implications of the research results are also discussed, providing guidance for telecommunications companies and operator card providers in increasing the use of mobile commerce as an innovative sales strategy.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the use of the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) to improve the efficiency of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) transactions to make them safer and easier to access in the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Sindangsari environment. QRIS is one of the payment instruments introduced by Bank Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method on MSMEs that actively use QRIS in the payment method available at the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University canteen, Sindangsari. This data was collected through observation and interviews with 7 MSME owners and 10 buyers, to find out the reasons for choosing non-cash over cash, to find out the increase in the number of transactions after using QRIS, the advantages of using QRIS and its obstacles as well as the positive and negative impacts on the effectiveness and operations of MSMEs. Thus, QRIS has proven effective as a digital payment instrument that supports the growth of MSMEs at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Sindangsari.

This research aims to analyze employee work stress at PT X. The objectives of this study include understanding the factors that cause employee work stress at PT X, knowing the strategies used by PT X in overcoming work stress, and the company's response to employee work stress that occurs at PT X. The research method used is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. The background of this research is based on excessive workload in the work environment, decreased motivation caused by a lack of attention from the company to workers. The results of this study show that high levels of stress among PT X employees significantly affect employee performance. Employees often feel frustrated to the point of forcing themselves to complete work quickly. As a result, employees are exposed to work stress and performance productivity decreases. To overcome this problem. PT X has implemented workload mapping strategies, appreciation in the form of compensation, and recruitment of new employees. The implementation of this strategy has shown positive results in improving employee productivity and performance efficiency. This study concludes that high work stress has certain consequences on employee performance. Recommendations include stress management programs, periodic performance effectiveness evaluations, and further studies that explore the relationship of job stress with other variables, such as individualism and leadership. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective human resource management strategies in modern work environments.

The vehicle ownership transfer form submission service at the Samsat Tandes Office in West Surabaya is a vital public service that frequently encounters issues such as long queues and extended waiting times. These conditions lead to user dissatisfaction and reduce the operational efficiency of the institution. This study aims to optimize the existing queuing system through a simulation-based approach to enhance service effectiveness and efficiency. The methodology includes mapping the current service process, collecting data on service times and customer arrivals, and modeling the queuing system using simulation software. Subsequently, several improvement scenarios were analyzed, including the addition of server resources. The simulation results indicate that the scenario involving the addition of one extra server during peak hours yields the most significant impact—reducing average customer waiting time by up to 20% and increasing the number of customers served per day. These findings demonstrate that simple interventions based on simulation analysis can produce substantial improvements in public service quality. In conclusion, a simulation-based approach proves to be effective in supporting strategic decision-making for queue system optimization and is highly recommended for implementation in other public service units facing similar challenges.

This research aims to develop a web-based school management information system that can improve the efficiency of education administration. In today's digital era, many schools face challenges in effective data and information management. This research uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to identify and analyze relevant literature related to the development of web-based school management information systems. The results showed that the development of a web-based school management information system is generally able to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of education administration management, starting from data processing of students, teachers, finances, to reporting. The system supports transparency, speed of access and accuracy of information within the school environment. Although the results show consistent benefits, this research still has limitations in the number of sources and a relatively narrow study, so a broader and more in-depth follow-up study is needed.

The justice system in Indonesia faces major challenges in providing fast, cheap, and efficient access to justice. Mediation, as one form of alternative dispute resolution, offers great potential in reducing the burden on the courts. This article analyzes the urgency and legal basis for digitalizing mediation as a strategic step in modernizing the justice system in Indonesia. We explore the advantages and benefits of electronic mediation in resolving civil disputes, while identifying the challenges and obstacles faced in its implementation, especially related to system integration, accessibility, and education. Finally, this article formulates strategies and steps to optimize the implementation of electronic mediation so that it is in line with the principles of justice, efficiency, and effectiveness in the modern justice system.

Infrastructure development often faces challenges, especially with manual and unintegrated reporting systems. Manual reporting is time-consuming, prone to errors, and difficult for stakeholders to access, leading to supervision issues, budget misuse, and project delays. To address these problems, integrated digital reporting systems offer a promising solution to improve efficiency, transparency, and accountability. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the SILAT JANTAN application in supporting road infrastructure damage reporting in Kabupaten Madiun. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were gathered through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The study applies the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), focusing on perceived usefulness and ease of use by application users. Results indicate that SILAT JANTAN enhances reporting effectiveness, although challenges such as limited socialization and community participation remain. Recommendations include improving socialization, user training, and system strengthening to support sustainable technology adoption. This research aims to guide the development of a more effective and efficient digital reporting system to improve public services in Kabupaten Madiun.  

This study aims to investigate the effect of the Klampid New Generation Application System on improving public services in Sawahan Subdistrict, Surabaya City. In the era of digitalization and technological transformation, application systems are one of the tools used to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public services. Klampid New Generation is one of the application systems introduced to facilitate interaction between local governments and communities in order to improve services. The research method used used a quantitative questionnaire distributed to respondents regarding the use of the Klampid New Generation Application System and their perceptions of public services.

The agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors. The majority of rice paddies serve as the main food commodity consumed by the community, making rice farming the majority in the agricultural sector. However, there are challenges in production such as low agricultural efficiency, limited access to resources, and dependence on traditional techniques. Therefore, strategies are needed to improve rice production that can impact the welfare and economy of farmers. The goal of this research is to analyze the condition of rice farming in Banten, specifically in Ciruas. It aims to identify the problems affecting production as well as the efforts that have been made by the government previously. Additionally, the research will provide strategies that are appropriate for increasing production yields and improving the welfare and economy of farmers. In this study, a qualitative research method was used with SWOT analysis method, along with data collection through primary data in the form of interviews and secondary data in the form of a Literature Review. The results showed that rice production in Banten declined to 298.84 thousand hectares and 1.52 million tons of GKG in 2024, but Ciruas District remains a rice granary despite facing many problems such as pests, low selling prices, drought, and extreme weather. Although various efforts have been made, such as training, provision of equipment, and water pumps, a SWOT analysis is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies and plan alternative actions to improve farmers' production yields. Thus, through the SWOT analysis method, it is hoped that paddy field production will increase sustainably, thereby supporting food security and the economic welfare of rural communities in Banten and Ciruas District.

In today’s rapidly changing global context, employee motivation has emerged as a strategic issue in human resource management, particularly in sustaining organizational productivity and competitiveness. Developments such as digitalization, economic uncertainty, and workplace transformation have prompted companies to focus more deeply on effective motivational approaches. Recognizing the role of motivation in influencing employee retention, productivity, and operational efficiency, this study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to map key concepts and empirical trends regarding the relationship between employee motivation and organizational performance. Grounded in theoretical frameworks such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, and Self-Determination Theory, the study examines major drivers including leadership, compensation, and work-life balance. Findings reveal paradoxes in motivational strategy effectiveness across sectors and highlight research gaps, particularly in cross-industry approaches and integrative synthesis. This study provides valuable contributions for academics and practitioners in designing evidence-based, context-relevant motivation strategies aligned with the dynamics of modern organizations.

Digital transformation has become a central driver in reforming public services in Indonesia. However, the effectiveness of government expenditure in supporting this transition remains a critical issue. This study aims to examine the extent to which public spending contributes to the improvement of digital public service quality, efficiency, and accessibility. Using a quantitative approach with a descriptive-explanatory design, data were collected from ten regional governments through documentation and surveys. The results show a positive correlation between government spending on digitalization and service performance, although this relationship is also influenced by factors such as infrastructure readiness, human resource capacity, public participation, and inter-agency coordination. The findings emphasize the importance of sustainable budgeting and measurable monitoring in managing digital fiscal policies. The study recommends an integrated strategy combining fiscal planning, bureaucratic capacity-building, and public digital literacy to ensure inclusive and impactful digital service transformation.

The research titled "Analysis of the Effectiveness and Efficiency of the Use of the Parish Budget of the Holy Spirit Nelle" aims to analyze the level of effectiveness and efficiency in the use of the budget at the Holy Spirit Nelle Parish during a specific reporting period. The analysis is conducted by comparing the activity targets and budget with the actual realization. The results show that the average effectiveness of activities is only 45.95%, indicating that most activities have not been optimally achieved. Meanwhile, the efficiency of budget utilization is recorded at 29.48%, which shows a low level of spending compared to the allocated funds. These findings indicate a gap between the planning and implementation of parish programs. Some programs have not been realized at all despite having a budget allocated. Therefore, improvements are needed in program planning, adjustments in budget allocations according to implementation capacity, as well as strengthening the monitoring and evaluation system to enhance accountability and financial performance of the parish moving forward.

As a major contributor to GDP and job creation, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in the Indonesian economy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent to which MSME business actors are able to support tax compliance while maintaining their business continuity through the implementation of the Income Tax (PPh) Article 23 policy. in the form of services, rent, profits, interest, and royalties are subject to PPh Article 23 tax. The implementation of the Income Tax Article 23 policy using taxation theory, public policy theory, tax law theory, and public management theory, this study uses a descriptive analysis methodology. The impact of the implementation of this tax on the financial and administrative aspects of MSMEs is examined, as well as the efficiency of the tax deduction system in increasing tax compliance. The results of the study, the application of a final rate of 0.5% based on PP No. 23 of 2018 and the supporting deduction / collection method in the PPh Article 23 policy, help ease the tax burden for MSMEs. The source deduction scheme has succeeded in increasing state revenues and ensuring tax compliance. There are still issues regarding the effectiveness of this policy, especially related to administrative compliance, such as processing certification, which is required to obtain a lower final rate. The main obstacles are literacy among MSMEs, lack of knowledge about the tax administration process, and the possibility of double taxation for MSMEs that do not have certificates are the main challenges noted. have not utilized the available incentives optimally due to lack of awareness and familiarity with the policy. This study concludes that in order to increase the effectiveness of the Income Tax Article 23 policy for MSMEs, significant efforts need to be made, such as tax education, simplification of administration, and strengthening supervision. The suggestion that can be given is that this policy can provide the greatest benefits for the growth and sustainability of MSME businesses which are the foundation of the national economy.  

The rapid development of information technology has encouraged Village Credit Institutions (LPDs) to adopt Accounting Information Systems (AIS) as an effort to enhance operational efficiency and effectiveness. However, the implementation of AIS in several LPDs in Abiansemal District still faces various challenges, such as data input errors and lack of system integration. This study aims to analyze the influence of system development formalization, organizational size, user involvement, training and education, as well as personal technical skills on the performance of accounting information systems. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach. The sample consists of 96 respondents, comprising leaders and managers of 32 active LPDs in Abiansemal District, Badung Regency. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination test, F-test, and t-test using SPSS software. The results show that all five independent variables—system development formalization, organizational size, user involvement, training and education, and personal technical skills—have a simultaneous and partial positive and significant influence on the performance of accounting information systems. The coefficient of determination indicates that 55.8% of the variation in AIS performance can be explained by these five variables.

The 3R program (reduce, reuse, recycle) is one of the programs of the Surabaya City Environmental Office in managing waste problems in Surabaya. With the population density in Surabaya, it does not rule out the possibility of a large number of waste consumption, especially plastic waste. This study aims to see the level of effectiveness of the implementation of the 3R program (reduce, reuse, recycle) in Surabaya City by the Surabaya City Environmental Office. The author looks at DLH Surabaya's efforts in improving the quality of waste management, especially plastic waste and sees what factors support the success of the 3R program in processing plastic waste in Surabaya. Plastic waste has a nature that is difficult to decompose and requires a long time even hundreds of years to decompose. Therefore, DLH Surabaya applies waste management with the 3R concept. The method used in this study is descriptive evaluative. The results of the author's research during his internship at DLH Surabaya show that waste management using the 3R concept (reduce, reuse, recycle) runs effectively as evidenced by the reduction of waste in Surabaya by around 1.5 tons of waste per day and 2 tons of plastic waste per day. The author examines using effectiveness theory according to Sugiyono in Budianni, which includes 3 effectiveness indicators, namely, Target accuracy, Socialization, Monitoring.

The development of vaccines for tropical viruses such as dengue and Zika presents a significant challenge in global health. These viruses not only cause serious health complications but also impact health systems and economies in tropical countries. CRISPR/Cas9 technology offers an innovative solution to accelerate vaccine development by enabling precise gene editing. This study aims to explore the potential of CRISPR in accelerating the design and production of vaccines for tropical viruses. The method used in this study is a laboratory-based experimental design involving genetic engineering, with dengue and Zika virus genome models. The first step involves identifying virus target genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which allows the detection of specific genes involved in pathogenesis and immune responses. Subsequently, genetic constructs are designed to generate vaccine candidates that can efficiently and precisely target pathogens. The resulting vaccines are tested in vitro in cell cultures to observe immune responses and their effectiveness against virus infections. The results show that CRISPR not only accelerates the process of identifying and engineering vaccine genes but also significantly improves vaccine production efficiency. CRISPR-based vaccines demonstrate higher immunogenicity compared to conventional methods, thus holding potential as the foundation for developing faster and safer next-generation vaccines. However, this study also identifies challenges related to off-target effects and the efficient delivery of CRISPR components, which require further research to ensure safety and efficacy in human clinical applications.