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Relational databases, an essential component in modern information systems, are vulnerable to various security threats, both internal such as abuse of access rights, and external such as SQL injection, malware, and hacking. Given these conditions, how can relevant mitigation strategies be implemented to protect data security in relational databases? This article aims to identify the main threats to relational database security and map out relevant mitigation strategies. The method used is a literature review of various recent scientific journals that discuss aspects of data security in the context of relational databases. The results of the review indicate that threats such as SQL injection can be overcome by strict input validation, abuse of access rights can be prevented through role-based access control (RBAC), malware attacks can be detected using an intrusion detection system (IDS), and hacking actions can be minimized through the implementation of data encryption. This study is expected to be a reference in designing effective security strategies to protect data in relational databases.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems that affect the quality of life and productivity of individuals. LBP lasting more than 12 weeks is categorized as chronic LBP and often has no specific cause. Core stability exercise (CSE) is one of the effective rehabilitation methods in managing pain and disability in chronic LBP patients. Objective: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CSE in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP based on a literature review. Methods: This study used the literature review method by reviewing various relevant studies related to CSE and chronic LBP. Data sources were obtained from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PEDro. Articles used had inclusion criteria in the form of randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies published in the last 10 years (2014-2024), in English, and involving patients with non-specific chronic LBP. Article quality assessment was conducted using the PEDro scale. Results: From the analysis of eight articles that met the inclusion criteria, it was found that CSE has significant effectiveness in reducing pain in patients with chronic LBP. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score showed a greater reduction in the group undergoing CSE compared to the control group or other therapeutic methods. Moreover, the combination of CSE with adjunctive therapies such as pain neuroscience education (PNE), interferential therapy (IFC), and myofascial release technique (MRT) showed better results in reducing pain and improving postural stability and physical function. Conclusion: CSE can be an effective rehabilitation method to reduce pain and improve core muscle stability in patients with chronic LBP. Combination with other therapies may provide more optimal results.

The suggestions put forward are: Law enforcement against counterfeit money distribution crimes must require a structured and comprehensive strategy. One important step is to increase the capacity of law enforcement officers, including the police, prosecutors, and judges, through special training on counterfeit money crimes. Improving digital forensic and counterfeit money detection capabilities, including the use of the latest technology. This increase in competence will help officers identify the perpetrators' modus operandi and speed up the investigation process. In addition, the formation of a special unit or task force that focuses on handling counterfeit money cases can also strengthen the effectiveness of handling cases in the field. Then community involvement in preventing counterfeit money circulation must be optimized through broad public education regarding the characteristics of genuine and counterfeit money and reporting procedures if suspicious money is found. This awareness campaign can be carried out through mass media, social media, and cooperation with educational institutions. In the digital era, the use of information systems and technology such as counterfeit money databases and money circulation tracking systems is also an effective solution. By involving all elements of government, law enforcement, financial institutions, and the community, law enforcement against counterfeit money distribution crimes can be more effective, fair, and have a long-term impact.

Facial recognition, a branch of image processing, is widely used in attendance systems to improve efficiency and security. This study develops an employee attendance monitoring system that integrates facial recognition using the Eigenface algorithm in OpenCV. The system records each individual's facial data alongside a password, enabling automated attendance tracking. Testing results indicate that with a database of 10 facial entries, the system achieved 100% accuracy in recognizing individuals. However, as the database expanded beyond 10 entries, accuracy declined to 80%, influenced by factors such as lighting variations, differences in facial structures, and increased data volume. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, with expert validation yielding a score of 3.4, categorizing the system as "Highly Valid." User testing with 11 participants resulted in an overall score of 36, classifying the system as "Very Good (Valid)." The findings highlight the potential of facial recognition in improving attendance management while minimizing fraudulent entries. Future research should focus on optimizing recognition accuracy in larger databases through refined preprocessing techniques, image quality adjustments, and deep learning models.

Centella asiatica (L) urban is a plant that has the potential to be a source of immunomodulatory agents because it contains several groups of active compounds, asiaticoside, madecassoside, madecassic acid and asiatic acid, which can act as anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulators. This study aims to review relevant literature to summarize the immunomodulatory effects produced by Centella asiatica (L.) urban. This study used a literature review design involving 4 experimental study articles published in the last 10 years in the electronic databases  PubMed and ScienceDirect. The results of this study showed that C. asiatica has been shown to provide immunomodulatory effects through various mechanisms, including as an anti-inflammatory by decreasing nitrite production, PGE2 and TNF-α, reducing NF-κβ activation, and inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α, including IL-6 and COX-2. C. asiatica can also act as an antioxidant that inhibits ROS production, stimulates GSH, and binds free radicals. In addition, C. asiatica can also play a role in the adaptive immune response.

Paper-based products play a vital role in various aspects of modern life, ranging from educational and office needs to industrial and e-commerce applications. This study aims to analyze the impact of implementing risk assessment and safety culture on improving Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) performance in companies through a systematic literature review method. The research process involved identifying five relevant journal articles from various academic databases using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data and findings from the selected literature were then collected, analyzed, and synthesized to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between risk assessment, safety culture, and OHS performance. The results indicate that comprehensive risk assessment implementation and strong safety culture development significantly contribute to improved OHS performance. These findings are particularly relevant for the pulp and paper mills industry, which faces high workplace risks. The study recommends that companies adopt a systematic approach to risk manajement and consistently develop safety culture to create a safer work environment and support smooth business operations.

In the digital era, companies are required to manage data optimally to improve operational efficiency. This research aims to analyze the role of data management and database systems in supporting company work efficiency. A descriptive approach is used by reviewing literature from various relevant academic sources. The results show that the implementation of a structured database system can reduce data redundancy, increase the speed of information access, and strengthen the decision-making process. With good data integration between divisions, the company can improve internal coordination and response to market changes. The findings confirm the importance of an effective data management strategy in supporting an organization's competitive advantage.    

The rapid evolution of digital technology has reshaped workforce training paradigms, with Artificial Intelligence (AI) emerging as a transformative tool. This study investigates the opportunities and challenges of implementing AI-based training systems to enhance workforce skills in the digital era. Data were collected through surveys, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions involving industry practitioners, AI developers, and workers. The results indicate a training effectiveness average of 70.2% (SD = 9.8) and satisfaction levels averaging 75.4% (SD = 8.5). Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between AI adoption and skill improvement, with a success probability of 68.9%. Despite these promising outcomes, challenges such as limited digital infrastructure, low digital literacy, and resistance to technology adoption persist, particularly in developing regions. This study provides strategic recommendations for inclusive digital transformation, emphasizing collaborative efforts between governments, private sectors, and educational institutions. These findings contribute to theoretical and practical knowledge for advancing AI-based training systems and fostering a sustainable, equitable workforce transformation.

This study aims to find out more specifically about the goals and functions of philosophy in the development of science. This study uses a qualitative approach to the SLR (systematic literature review) method. Literature sources are taken from the Google Scholar database of journals and books. The results of this study are the philosophy of science as an explanation of the existence of science against other sciences that require knowledge as a medium for scientific thinking. Philosophy aims to encourage scientists to study scientific developments. The philosophy of science must be integrated with the development of science in order to realize the function of science, especially moral and intellectual aspects. This is because science is independent or neutral and does not mean good or bad, the development of science also develops the philosophy of science, because the philosophy of science has a role as a manifestation of good scientific ethics. The philosophy of science is very crucial in elaborating on educational values ​​in general and specifically in education, both ontologically, epistemologically, axiologically and anthropologically.

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that affects approximately 1% of the population, and is characterized by serious impairments in cognition, emotion and social functioning. The MTHFR gene is a key enzyme in folic acid metabolism, which plays an important role in biochemical processes in the body. One of the common genetic polymorphisms in MTHFR is C677T (rs1801133). Relevant articles were searched through an electronic database, Google Scholar, using the keywords “Relationship Between MTHFR C677T Gene and Schizophrenia”. MTHFR C677T can affect homocysteine metabolism, which in turn can affect the production of brain neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin. An imbalance of these neurotransmitters has long been associated with schizophrenia. Environmental factors, such as stress, trauma, and social factors, also play an important role in the development of mental disorders, along with genetic factors such as MTHFR C677T.  

Mathematics plays a crucial role in everyday life, as it enhances students' abilities to absorb lessons more effectively and develop rational, critical, logical, analytical, and systematic thinking. This study employs the literature review method, which involves gathering relevant information from various sources to support the research topic. The author collects references from articles and journals using Google Scholar, an open-access database that simplifies the process of locating topic-specific materials. Difficulties faced by students in learning mathematics are not always due to a lack of mathematical knowledge. They may stem from other issues such as memory problems, difficulty in recalling mathematical problems, weak calculation skills, confusion with operational signs, or reversing numbers. Students with learning disabilities may particularly struggle with both mathematical reasoning and basic computation. Furthermore, mathematical learning difficulties are also associated with cognitive challenges, such as solving complex word problems and understanding numerical concepts. These learning difficulties often result from internal and external factors that hinder the brain’s ability to process, analyze, and retain mathematical information effectively.

The contemporary landscape of data management, marked by an unprecedented scale and velocity of data, has spurred the widespread adoption of NoSQL databases, prioritizing scalability and performance over traditional relational constraints. While offering significant flexibility, this paradigm shift introduces complex cybersecurity challenges, notably query injection vulnerabilities, which are consistently ranked among the top web application security risks. Redis, a leading in-memory key-value store powering critical infrastructure globally, presents a unique security profile due to its architectural design and features like Lua scripting. Despite its prevalence, a comprehensive academic evaluation of Redis injection attack vectors remains understudied. This study addresses this gap by systematically evaluating command and Lua script injection vulnerabilities in Redis version 7.4.1 across controlled configurations: default, password-protected, and ACL-secured environments. We quantify vulnerability risk and empirically validate mitigation strategies by employing a Dockerized testing framework, Python-driven exploit simulations, and CVSS v3.1 scoring. Our findings reveal critical weaknesses in default and permissively configured environments and demonstrate that restrictive Access Control Lists (ACLs), adhering to the principle of least privilege, provide complete mitigation against the specific injection vectors evaluated in our controlled experimental setup. We propose a Redis-specific threat taxonomy and provide empirically validated recommendations for securing Redis deployments, emphasizing layered security controls and proper ACL implementation. This research contributes the first systematic evaluation of modern Redis injection vulnerabilities and highlights the critical importance of security-conscious configurations to protect vital data infrastructure.

The rapid growth of the fashion industry in Indonesia, particularly in Bandung, has increased the demand for structured and efficient sewing course management. Bandung Vision Center, as one of the institutions providing sewing training, faces significant administrative challenges due to the continued use of manual registration and attendance monitoring systems. These conventional processes result in data inaccuracies, slow information retrieval, limited transparency, and difficulties in monitoring participant progress across multiple training waves. This study aims to design and develop a web-based application to optimize participant registration and attendance monitoring processes at Bandung Vision Center. The research adopts an Agile software development methodology to ensure iterative development, flexibility, and responsiveness to user requirements. The system is implemented using the Laravel framework for backend development, ReactJS for frontend interface design, and MySQL as the relational database management system. System modelling is conducted using UML diagrams, and functionality testing is performed using the black-box testing method. The results indicate that the developed application significantly improves administrative efficiency, enhances data accuracy, and enables real-time monitoring of participant attendance. Additionally, the system increases transparency, facilitates structured data management, and supports better decision-making for course administrators. The implementation of this web-based application demonstrates its effectiveness in modernizing administrative processes and strengthening institutional competitiveness in the local fashion education sector. Future enhancements may include integration of online payment features, automated notifications, and advanced data analytics to further improve service quality and user satisfaction.

This study aims to systematically examine the use of Math Mechanixs software as a medium for learning mathematics to improve students' computational skills. The method used is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), with data sources obtained from various scientific databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda, DOAJ, and ResearchGate. The study was conducted by filtering articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, then analyzed to find patterns and effectiveness of the use of the software. The results of the review indicate that Math Mechanixs, with its 2D/3D graphic visualization features, equation editor, and scientific calculator, has great potential in helping students understand mathematical concepts more efficiently and interactively. In addition to increasing the speed and accuracy of calculations, this software also encourages the development of students' algorithmic and logical thinking skills. However, more empirical research is needed to strengthen these findings in the context of Indonesian education. This study recommends the integration of Math Mechanixs in mathematics learning with the support of teacher training and adequate supporting facilities.    

Digital transformation in Indonesia has increased dependence on digital database systems, so that personal data protection has become a crucial issue. This research aims to analyze the urgency of protecting personal data in digital database systems in Indonesia from regulatory, ethical and technical strategy aspects. The method used is literature study and document analysis of regulations, ethical practices and data protection technology. The research results show that even though Law Number 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection (UU PDP) has been passed, its implementation still faces challenges in the form of low digital literacy, weak law enforcement, and not yet optimal monitoring infrastructure. Additionally, implementing ethical principles and technical strategies, such as encryption, access control, and privacy by design, is critical to strengthening data security. This research concludes that effective personal data protection can only be realized through synergy between strong regulations, the application of digital ethics, and adequate technical strategies, in order to safeguard individual privacy rights in the digital era.

Bibliometric analysis is a method for examining metadata derived from articles or journals, including information such as citations, authors, publication years, and countries (Andres, 2009). This analysis consists of three main stages: data collection, analysis, and communication. In the initial stage, data were collected using the Publish or Perish (PoP) application, drawing from the Scopus database with the keyword “technopreneurship” for the period 2014–2024. This study aims to explore the research landscape in the field of technopreneurship and technology-based entrepreneurship published in Scopus. For the query process, the search string TITLE-ABS-KEY ("technology entrepreneurship") was used to identify documents containing significant elements such as printed books, e-learning, and database systems that indicate co-occurrence within technology entrepreneurship literature.

Blessing Store is a business engaged in the sale of clothes, shoes and hoodies located in Rawalumbu District, Bekasi City, West Java. Blessing.Store offers various types of clothes, shoes and hoodies. So far, Blessing Store product marketing has been through Instagram social media. Basically, the use of this media has been able to increase marketing and sales. However, there is another problem in the use of this media, namely the form of product promotion through advertising must incur quite a large cost because the advertising display rates are expensive to reach more consumers. Therefore, in this Scientific Writing, a Blessing Store website was created using PHP and MySQL. The stages of creating this website include designing the website appearance, creating a database using MySQL, creating program codes using PHP programming, creating a website appearance using the Bootstrap framework, and testing. Based on the results of testing the Blessing Store website using the Blackbox Testing method, device, browser, all page functions contained in this website have been successful according to their functions, so it can be concluded that the creation of the Blessing Store website has run according to what is expected and there are no obstacles. This website is expected by consumers to get information about products, locations, how to order, payments, and so on in more detail and complete. In addition, this website can facilitate Blessing Store managers in managing transactions, organizing incoming orders, and increasing marketing activities. The Blessing Store website can be accessed via the url address http://blessingstore.my.id/.

This study critically examines the implementation of Article 20 of Law No. 31/1999, as amended by Law No. 20/2001, concerning the eradication of corruption (UU Tipikor), with a focus on corporate accountability in corruption offenses. It aims to address three primary concerns: (1) the practical application of corporate liability mechanisms, (2) the effectiveness of sanctions imposed on corporations, and (3) the legal obstacles that impede the full enforcement of corporate criminal responsibility. Employing a normative legal approach, this research integrates statutory analysis, case law evaluation, and theoretical exploration. The findings highlight considerable challenges in proving corporate liability, as well as the limited scope and effectiveness of current penalties. These difficulties stem from ambiguities in distinguishing between the responsibilities of individuals and the corporation, and the lack of consistent legal interpretation by law enforcement authorities. The study proposes a set of recommendations, including the formulation of clear technical guidelines, the continuous professional development of legal practitioners, the enhancement of sanctions against corporations, and the establishment of a centralized database of judicial decisions involving corporate criminal liability. These measures are essential to ensure more effective corporate accountability and the prevention of systemic corruption in Indonesia.

This study aims to comprehensively examine the role of women in agricultural economic development through three main focuses: women's real contribution in agricultural economic activities, structural and socio-cultural barriers that limit their participation, and empowerment strategies to realize a more inclusive agricultural economy. The background of this research stems from the reality that although women play a significant role in various aspects of agricultural production and resource management, recognition of their contribution is still structurally and culturally limited. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a library research approach, which utilizes primary sources such as official government documents and reports of international institutions, as well as secondary sources in the form of relevant scientific literature. Data were collected through a systematic search of digital databases, then analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify key themes related to the roles, barriers and strategies for empowering women in the agricultural economy. The results show that women have concrete contributions in production activities, processing of agricultural products, and financial management of farm-based households. However, their participation is still hampered by patriarchal structures, limited access to resources (such as land, capital, and training), and social norms that tend to marginalize women's role in decision-making. Effective empowerment strategies include strengthening women's capacity through education and skills training, forming women's farmer groups, and advocating for policies that support gender equality in agricultural development. In conclusion, the role of women in the agricultural economy is not only relevant but also crucial in promoting food security and sustainable rural development. Therefore, the integration of gender perspectives in agricultural policy is an urgency that cannot be ignored.

Pimpinella pruatjan is a native Indonesian medicinal plant increasingly threatened by overexploitation and limited cultivation techniques. This study aims to systematically review the role of tissue culture in the conservation and production of its secondary metabolites. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, data were gathered from scientific literature published in the last five years through open-access databases. The findings reveal that tissue culture techniques not only effectively regenerate purwoceng but also significantly enhance the production of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, betaine, and sterols. This study demonstrates that biotechnology-based tissue culture is a strategic solution for conserving endangered medicinal plants while optimizing their utilization for biodiversity-based pharmaceutical industries.