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This article analyzes the depiction of Jesus Christ from various scriptural perspectives and examines the impact of the diversity of Christological experiences on Christian faith. Research shows that the Bible presents a varied picture of Jesus: Mark's Gospel presents Him as the Suffering but Powerful Servant; Matthew as the Messianic King and Great Teacher; John as the eternal Logos (Word); and Revelation depicts Him through symbols of glory as King, Judge, and Redeemer. The diversity of Christological experiences produces positive impacts in the form of deeper understanding, theological enrichment, and facilitation of interfaith dialogue. However, this diversity also has the potential to cause misunderstandings, theological conflicts, and identity crises if not properly understood. This article also explores how cultural and historical backgrounds significantly influence interpretations of Jesus, from the first-century Jewish context to contemporary interpretations in various global cultural contexts. In conclusion, although understandings of Jesus continue to evolve according to context, it is important for people to maintain their theological identity while remaining open to various enriching perspectives.

In Tanjungpinang, street vendors' (PKL) resistance to government policy demonstrates the complex dynamics of informal economy management. The purpose of this research is to gain an understanding of the different types of PKL resistance, the methods they use, and how it impacts on local economic policy. Relevant scientific documents were analyzed using a literature study approach. The results show that street vendors not only carry out physical resistance, but also carry out symbolic and cultural actions. As a result, organized social movements emerge. The government's top-down policies often cause tensions, so discussions and cooperation are needed to create more inclusive and participatory policies. Economic empowerment, spatial flexibility, and the development of public-private partnerships are some of the suggested solutions. It is hoped that this research will make a significant contribution to building a policy model that is more responsive to the social realities of society, especially with regard to vulnerable groups.

This study aims to design a contextual and educational pastoral model, assess its level of acceptance, and analyze the positive impact it brings both to the elderly as the service recipients and to students as pastoral partners in the life of the Church. The background of this research lies in the need for a more personal, participatory pastoral approach that touches the emotional and spiritual dimensions of elderly individuals living in Catholic nursing homes. Elderly people often experience loneliness, isolation, and a decline in life motivation. Meanwhile, Catholic students need tangible opportunities to live out their faith values through real actions. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D), comprising stages such as preliminary study, model design, expert validation, limited trials, and evaluation. The model developed consists of a contextual Liturgy of the Word involving students as Scripture readers, prayer leaders, musicians, and givers of symbolic gifts of love, such as rosaries, to the elderly. The results of the study show that the model was enthusiastically received by the elderly, who expressed joy, active participation in the service, and showed behavioral changes such as praying independently at night and increased social interaction. On the other hand, students experienced growth in faith, empathy, and a deeper awareness of the meaning of service. Therefore, this model is considered appropriate for implementation as part of pastoral care for the elderly and integrated faith formation for the younger generation within the broader context of the Church.

This study explores the social and psychological dynamics of the collective expression of the Indonesian youth through the hashtag #KaburAjaDulu on TikTok social media, which reflects their concerns about inequality in access to work and lack of opportunities for self-development. This study uses qualitative methodology and a virtual ethnography approach to analyze data, covering social interactions and meaning construction in virtual communities. Primary data sources involve real-time monitoring using tools such as Brand24, which captures the frequency and sentiment of posts. Secondary data sources are obtained from literature related to labor migration, digital expression, and network society theory. Data collection techniques combine passive online observation and thematic classification, while data analysis is carried out through content analysis to identify dominant discourse patterns and sentiments. Data validity is tested using source triangulation, comparing netnography findings with scientific references and policy documentation. The results show that the hashtag #KaburAjaDulu is not just an expression of jokes, but a symbol of structural alienation and the aspirations of the young generation to seek better life opportunities abroad. The discussion highlights the implications of this social critique for migration policies and the protection of migrant workers. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of adaptive government responses and more inclusive policies to address the aspirations of the younger generation.

This study analyzes the symbolic meaning in the lyrics of the song "Halu" by Feby Putri using Ferdinand de Saussure's semiotic approach. The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationship between the signifier and the signified in the song lyrics to understand the emotional and cultural messages contained therein. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with a focus on linguistic signs in the lyric text. The results of the study show that the song "Halu" utilizes metaphors (such as "candu" and "bayang-bayang") to represent one-sided love, illusion, and emotional alienation. The lyrics of the song are not only a personal expression of the creator, but also reflect the collective experience of the younger generation in interpreting unrealized relationships. This study concludes that popular music, through its semiotic structure, functions as a complex medium of cultural communication. Suggestions for further research include exploring the interaction of musical elements with lyrics and the application of other semiotic theories to enrich the analysis. These findings also emphasize the importance of media literacy in understanding music not only as entertainment, but also as a cultural product that is full of meaning.

Fluent reading is the ability to understand symbols in the form of words by paying attention to several aspects, including the ability to recognize words, automatic reading skills, speed in transitioning from one word to another, the use of intonation and expression in oral reading, and accuracy in understanding the meaning of the words being read. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the fluent reading ability of second-grade students, focusing on the aspects of accuracy, speed, and fluency in reading, including pauses, intonation, and expression. This research adopts a case study method with a reading test technique designed to assess these three main components. The subjects of this study are five second-grade students from a primary school.

This study aims to examine in-depth and comprehensively the various obstacles faced by elementary school students in understanding the concept of fractions. Fractions represent one of the key components in basic mathematics education and often pose a significant challenge for many students. Through a structured literature review and in-depth analysis of empirical data, this research seeks to clearly describe the various difficulties students encounter when learning and understanding fractions. Additionally, this study investigates the underlying factors contributing to these difficulties and offers a number of creative and effective instructional strategy recommendations to help students overcome these barriers. The findings indicate that the primary challenges hindering students' understanding include several critical aspects: weak comprehension of basic fraction concepts, difficulty in representing fractions both visually and symbolically, struggles with performing arithmetic operations involving fractions, and challenges in relating fraction concepts to real-life situations. A thorough understanding of these challenges is expected to serve as a crucial foundation for improving the quality of mathematics instruction at the elementary school level.    

This study aims to analyze the logo of the State Islamic University of North Sumatra (UINSU) using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic approach. Peirce's theory divides signs into icons, indexes, and symbols, and views meaning through a triadic process: representamen, object, and interpretant. With a qualitative approach, this study identifies visual elements in the UINSU logo and interprets their meaning based on the context of Islam, science, and nationalism. The results of the analysis show that each visual component, whether shape, color, or typography, contains deep philosophical and ideological meanings and represents the identity and institutional vision of UINSU.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the application of goat manure and liquid organic fertilizer derived from vegetable waste on the growth and productivity of celery plants (Apium graveolens L.). This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) consisting of two factors with 48 plots.The first factor was the application of goat manure fertilizer, symbolized as “G”, which consisted of four treatment levels: G0 = 0 g/polybag, G1 = 200 g/polybag, G2 = 400 g/polybag, and G3 = 600 g/polybag.The second factor was the application of liquid organic fertilizer from vegetable waste, symbolized as “S”, which consisted of four treatment levels: S0 = 0 ml, S1 = 100 ml/L of water, S2= 200 ml/L of water, and S3 = 300 ml/L of water.The parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, number of tillers, plant weight per polybag, and plant weight per plot. The results of the study showed that the application of goat manure and liquid organic fertilizer from vegetable waste had a significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, number of tillers, plant weight per polybag, and plant weight/plot.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the duration of soaking garlic extract and the provision of shell fertilizer on the growth of rose plant cuttings (Rosa hybrida L). This study used a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) method consisting of 2 factors with 48 plots, namely: The first factor is the duration of soaking garlic extract given the symbol "A" which consists of 4 levels of treatment A0: without soaking, A1: 40 minutes, A2: 80 minutes, A3: 120 minutes The second factor is the provision of shell fertilizer given the symbol "B" which consists of 4 levels of treatment B0: 0 g / polybag, B1: 50 g / polybag, B2: 100 g / polybag, B3: 150 g / polybag. So there are 16 combinations consisting of 3 replications. The parameters observed in this study are the age of shoot emergence, number of leaves, shoot length, number of leaves, leaf length, and percentage of survival. The results of the study showed that the duration of soaking garlic extract and the application of shellfish fertilizer on the growth of rose cuttings (Rosa hybrida L). The results of this study showed that the duration of soaking garlic extract and the application of shellfish fertilizer had no significant effect on all observed parameters.

Mathematical representative ability is a person's ability to express mathematical ideas, objects, and relationships in various forms of representation, both visually, symbolically, verbally, and contextually. This study aims to analyze the mathematical representative ability of students through counting operations in grade III elementary school in the form of story problems. The method used was descriptive qualitative research with written test instruments to assess cognitive abilities and observation to assess psychomotor skills. The research subjects consisted of five grade III elementary school students, by giving test questions on mathematical reasoning skills, observing students directly in solving and understanding story problems, conducting documentation to obtain accurate data when in the field by classifying students' mathematical representative abilities based on math scores. The results showed that most learners had a very good level of cognitive ability in completing arithmetic operations, but there were some learners who were still lacking in understanding story problems. This finding confirms that the importance of appropriate learning strategies so that learners are not only able to solve problems in the form of operations but also able to understand problems in the form of story problems that are applied in real life.

This study explores the paradox of democracy in Muslim-majority societies, particularly how democratic political systems influence the role of religion and the construction of religious identity. Employing a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review and case studies in Indonesia and Turkey, this article finds that democracy opens participatory space for religious expression while simultaneously enabling the domination of majoritarian Islamic identity in the public sphere. This transformation leads to the fragmentation and commodification of religious identity, shifting it from a spiritual-transcendent value toward a symbolic-political function. In Indonesia, post-Reformasi democracy has fostered the expansion of conservative Islamic movements via electoral and social mobilization. In Turkey, democratization under the AKP regime has turned into religious populism that undermines secularism. The study concludes that democracy in Muslim-majority societies holds a paradoxical potential: it can serve as a medium for religious reform or become a tool for identity-based hegemony. Hence, strengthening institutions, political ethics, and reflective religious narratives is essential to make democracy a just and inclusive arena.

The Majapahit Museum houses a significant collection of tosan aji, particularly keris, which holds important historical, technological, and symbolic value within Javanese culture. However, a substantial portion of the collection lacks clear provenance and stratigraphic context, resulting in data gaps and potential misinterpretations, especially regarding Majapahit-period attribution. This study aims to examine strategies for managing non-stratigraphic keris collections through standardized visual-morphological identification as an initial curatorial approach. The research employs direct artifact observation, morphological analysis of blades and ricikan, visual examination of pamor configurations, and a review of museological, keris studies, and archaeometallurgical literature. The findings demonstrate that standardized morphological identification provides a systematic framework for preliminary classification while preventing speculative chronological claims. The study also emphasizes the necessity of separating blade analysis from keris fittings and highlights the limitations of visual assessment in determining tangguh, which requires support from non-destructive metallurgical analyses. As a practical contribution, this article proposes strengthening curatorial standards through the development of morphology-based artifact labels (manual and digital), multidisciplinary scholarly catalogues, and the integration of documentation and material analysis technologies. This approach positions the Majapahit Museum as a knowledge-producing institution in tosan aji studies rather than merely a repository of artifacts.   Kata Kunci : Museum Majapahit, Keris, Identifikasi Morfologis, Ricikan, Tangguh Keris

Character in the sense of attitude or behavior is closely related to language, and this relationship is logical or structural because language is a reflection of a person's attitudes and behavior.  Language is a symbol of human existence that can be known about their desires, educational background, customs, even their region or country of origin.  When someone communicates by choosing polite words and expressions, that person will use good sentences. Providing direction and socialization about positive language attitudes can improve language skills and foster polite and polite character among teenagers. This community service activity was held at youth youth organization Rt.001/Rw.004 Tanah Baru, Beji, Depok City, West Java. The way to select partners is based on survey and interview results, namely that the majority of teenagers still often use slang and viral language that is not educational. The method of implementing this activity is education as well as direction and socialization. The results of this community service activity are Karang Taruna youth have gained knowledge and experience regarding polite and polite character through positive language attitudes so that it will really help teenagers in socializing with their surrounding environment.

Poetry is a form of literary expression that contains physical and mental elements that are interrelated in building deeper and more complex meanings. The problem studied in this study is the identification and analysis of the physical and mental elements contained in the poems of Heri Isnaini, which are known for their imaginative power and emotional depth. This research aims to examine how these elements contribute to the formation of the meaning and aesthetics of poetry, as well as how these poems are able to provide an aesthetic experience to the reader through the choice of words and distinctive language styles. The method used in this study is a literature study, with an approach to literary text analysis to understand the elements that form poetry, both in terms of language and the message conveyed. The results of the study show that the physical elements in these poems include the use of diction rich in imagery, metaphorical and personified majas, and rhyme patterns that strengthen emotional and aesthetic nuances in each stanza. Meanwhile, the inner element depicts universal themes, such as longing, loneliness, love, and reflection of life, which are meaningfully expressed through the use of symbols and implied meanings in each line of the poem.

This study aims to deconstruct the technocratic rationality underpinning social investment policies implemented in Bima Regency by critically illuminating the ideological co-optation of neoliberalism, which manifests through the language of modernity, productivity, and pseudo-empowerment. Within a structurally asymmetrical and historically marginalized context, the global paradigm of social investment has been adopted in an ahistorical and depoliticized manner, resulting in policy architectures that are both irrelevant and exclusionary. Employing a critical-qualitative approach with a deconstructive design rooted in post-structuralist epistemology, this research conceptualizes public policy as an ideological text that demands reinterpretation and recontextualization. Data were obtained through rigorous analysis of institutional and academic literature and interpreted using the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The findings reveal that social investment policies in Bima function not as instruments of structural transformation but rather as symbolic mechanisms of ideological co-optation, which conceal systemic inequality under the guise of bureaucratic performance metrics. The local state apparatus has lost its articulative capacity, subordinated to a global epistemology that is profoundly indifferent to local particularities. Terminologies such as “empowerment” and “human capacity” are reduced to administrative slogans devoid of redistributive justice. Consequently, the social investment paradigm has shifted the state's role from an agent of justice to a managerial entity of poverty normalizing exclusion and reinforcing the subordination of the subaltern populace.

This study examines the social and cultural values in the drama script Gerbong by Agam Wispi through a literary anthropology approach. The research is grounded in the role of literature as a reflection of socio-cultural values, with Gerbong selected for its rich portrayal of post-revolution Indonesian societal dynamics, which has yet to be holistically analyzed from an anthropological perspective. The aim is to identify the manifestations of socio-cultural values through dramatic structures such as dialogue, characterization, and conflict. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, analyzing narrative and symbolic elements within the script. Findings reveal that social values are reflected in non-familial solidarity, critiques of revolutionary injustice, humanism amid adversity, and women’s resistance to stigmatization. Cultural values emerge through the gerbong (train carriage) as a metaphor for resilience, collective sacrifice, and a belief in independence preserved through oral traditions. Intergenerational conflicts between colonial and post-independence values highlight cultural dynamics in postcolonial transition. The study recommends integrating the script into educational curricula, exploring its performative dimensions, and conducting further interdisciplinary research on power relations and gender representation.

This study aims to analyze the representation of Pancasila values ​​in the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat by Affandi. This painting is considered to have a strong philosophical meaning related to the struggle of the Indonesian people in maintaining independence. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach (library research), where data is obtained from various written sources such as books, scientific journals, articles, and related documents. The data collection technique is carried out through the documentation method, while the data obtained is analyzed using content analysis techniques to identify symbols, colors, and visual elements that reflect the values ​​of Pancasila. The results of the study show that the painting Laskar Rakyat setting Siasat represents the five values ​​of Pancasila. The value of Belief in the One Almighty God is seen in the slogan "Once Independent, Always Independent" which reflects the belief that independence is a gift from God. The value of Just and Civilized Humanity is seen in the solidarity of the fighters without distinguishing backgrounds. The value of Indonesian Unity is realized through the togetherness of the fighters who develop a joint strategy. The value of Democracy Led by the Wisdom of Deliberation and Representation is depicted in the discussion scene among the fighters. Finally, the value of Social Justice for All Indonesian People is reflected through the painting of simple war equipment that shows the struggle of the common people in maintaining independence. This study confirms that works of art, especially Affandi's paintings, are able to be an effective medium in conveying moral messages, values ​​of friendship, and the spirit of struggle.

Indonesian language learning includes four aspects of language skills, namely listening skills, speaking skills, reading skills and writing skills, writing is a language skill that aims to convey information in writing through graphic symbols that are clear and easy to understand by readers. The purpose of this study is to explain and describe the structure of the biographical text, namely the orientation of important events and reorientation. This description uses a case study approach, which is a method that aims to analyze and understand a phenomenon or problem in depth and comprehensively. This study uses data analysis techniques based on the Miles and Huberman model, namely through the process of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.

Chairil Anwar's poem "My Home" reflects the inner struggle and search for identity in a life full of uncertainty. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method to explore the meaning of the symbols contained in the poem. Symbols such as "home," "tent," "twilight," and "clear glass" are depictions of feelings of alienation, confusion of direction, and a desire for peace that is not physical, but spiritual. The results of the study show that this poem is not only an aesthetic expression, but also a medium for understanding the dynamics of the human mind in facing reality. Chairil Anwar positions poetry as a space for self-protection and a place to search for the meaning of life. The implications of this study strengthen the understanding that literature, especially poetry, has an important function as a means of reflection and existential expression in facing the complexities of life.