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The cosmetic industry continues to grow rapidly along with the increasing demand for natural-based body care products, one of which is massage oil. Essential oils such as lavender, citronella, and chamomile are known to have synergistic effects as relaxation agents, anxiety reducers, and anti-inflammatory agents. To support the safety and effectiveness of their use, the selection of appropriate carrier oils, such as olive oil, almond oil, and virgin coconut oil (VCO), is required due to their good penetration ability and moisturizing properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of variations in carrier oils on the physical and sensory characteristics of aromatherapy massage oil preparations and to identify the most optimal formulation. The research was conducted experimentally by formulating three massage oil formulations using a combination of lavender, citronella, and chamomile essential oils with different carrier oil compositions. The evaluations included organoleptic tests, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, stability, irritation tests, and hedonic tests. The results showed that all formulations were liquid, homogeneous, stable for 28 days, had pH values within the normal skin pH range, met the required viscosity and specific gravity standards, and did not cause skin irritation. Based on the hedonic test, formulation F2 was the most preferred by respondents and was determined to be the best formulation due to its most favorable aroma, texture, and comfort during use. Therefore, variations in carrier oils influence the characteristics of massage oil preparations and enable the determination of the optimal formulation

This study discusses the implementation of the concept of Islamic insurance in the Amanah Card product at Amanah Takaful Banten. In Indonesia, there are various economic activities such as trade, savings and loans, and Islamic financial institutions. Currently, the insurance sector is growing rapidly in Indonesia. There are two types of insurance in Indonesia, namely Islamic insurance and conventional insurance. However, conventional insurance poses concerns for Muslims due to the presence of elements such as riba (interest), gharar (uncertainty), and maysir (gambling). Therefore, Islamic insurance emerges as a risk protection system that prioritizes Sharia principles. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the concept of the Amanah Card product at Amanah Takaful Banten, (2) to examine the implementation of Islamic insurance principles in the Amanah Card product, and (3) to analyze how Amanah Takaful Banten improves the accessibility of the Amanah Card product. This research employs a qualitative approach using a field study method (direct observation in the field). Data were collected through interviews with informants, as well as observation and documentation methods. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Relevant literature includes theories on insurance, Amanah Card, and zakat management institutions, as well as previous studies that examine the implementation of Islamic insurance concepts in insurance products such as Amanah Card. The results show that the Amanah Card product is categorized as a microinsurance product. It implements Islamic insurance principles, including the use of contracts (akad) and management practices that comply with Sharia principles and do not violate existing regulations. The Amanah Card product can be accessed offline through registration with Duta MT Bertaawun and online through social media and the Amanah Takaful website. In conclusion, the Amanah Card product is considered compliant both from a Sharia perspective and regulatory standards.

This community service activity aims to strengthen government governance and adaptive digital human resource (HR) capacity of civil servants (ASN) in sub-districts of South Pontianak District, Pontianak City. The main problems identified through preliminary surveys were the low awareness and willingness of apparatuses to adapt to digital technology, as well as the absence of standardized operating procedures (SOPs) in internal administrative governance. Methods employed included reflective discussion, interactive lectures and discussions, and SOP drafting assistance. Evaluation was conducted using the CIPP model (Context, Input, Process, Product) along with pre-test and post-test instruments comprising 20 questions. The activity involved 18 apparatuses representing five sub-districts (Banua Melayu Darat, Banua Melayu Laut, Akcaya, Kota Baru, and Parit Tokaya) and one district representative. Results showed an increase in participants' average score from 75.00 (pre-test) to 86.47 (post-test), representing a 16% improvement. Additionally, the activity produced five internal administrative SOP documents and a Follow-Up Action Plan (RKTL) from each sub-district as a commitment to digital transformation implementation. In conclusion, education-based intervention and technical assistance proved effective in improving sub-district apparatus competency in supporting digital bureaucratic reform.

The rapid development of digital technology and artificial intelligence has transformed human life in significant ways while simultaneously fostering a reductionist understanding of the human person based on productivity, efficiency, and technical capability. This phenomenon poses serious challenges to the understanding of human dignity and identity. This study aims to examine the concept of the human person according to Pope Leo XIV in the encyclical Magnifica Humanitas and to analyze its relevance for contemporary society. The research employs a qualitative method with a literature review approach, drawing primarily on the encyclical Magnifica Humanitas and related scholarly sources. The findings reveal that Pope Leo XIV understands the human person as created in the image and likeness of God (imago Dei), possessing an inherent dignity that does not depend on ability, social status, or productivity. This understanding is grounded in Christological and Trinitarian foundations, which affirm the human person as a relational being called to communion with God and others through love and self-giving. The encyclical also offers a critical response to technocratic paradigms, transhumanism, and posthumanism, which risk reducing human beings to technological objects or economic instruments. In the context of contemporary society, Pope Leo XIV’s thought provides a theological and ethical foundation for the development of human-centered technology while reinforcing respect for human dignity in social, educational, economic, and ecclesial life. This study concludes that the anthropological reflection presented in Magnifica Humanitas offers a significant contribution to addressing the human challenges emerging in the digital and artificial intelligence era.

Coal mining activities in East Kalimantan have significantly contributed to regional economic development, but they have also resulted in extensive land degradation that requires effective reclamation strategies. The integration of forage crops in reclaimed mine lands offers an opportunity to simultaneously support ecological restoration and livestock production. However, the performance of forage grasses under shaded conditions created by revegetation trees remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to evaluate the physiological responses, morphological characteristics, and nutritional quality of two forage grass species, Brachiaria humidicola and Stenotaphrum secundatum, grown under shaded conditions on reclaimed coal mine land. The experiment was conducted at the PT Kitadin Embalut reclamation site, East Kalimantan, using a split-plot design with two shading levels (0% and 50%) as the main plots and two grass species as subplots. Each treatment was replicated six times. Variables measured included dry matter yield, leaf-to-stem ratio, chlorophyll content (a, b, and total), crude protein, and crude fiber content. The results showed that a 50% shading level significantly influenced physiological and morphological responses of the grasses. Stenotaphrum secundatum exhibited a marked increase in chlorophyll content under shaded conditions, indicating a stronger acclimation to low light environments compared with Brachiaria humidicola. Shading also reduced the leaf-to-stem ratio in both species. However, dry matter production was not significantly affected by shading, suggesting that both grasses were able to maintain biomass accumulation under moderate shade conditions. Shading slightly reduced crude protein and crude fiber contents.

This study aimed to form late and evaluate a natural massage oil preparation using a combination of lavender, citronella, and chamomile essential oils with olive oil as the carrier oil. The background of this research was based on the increasing public demand for natural body care products that are safe, non-irritating to the skin, and provide relaxation effects. The three essential oils used possess therapeutic activities, including relaxation, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the ability to relieve stress and muscle tension. The study employed three formulation variations (F1, F2, and F3) with different compositions of essential oils. The evaluation of the preparations included organoleptic tests, pH measurement, viscosity, specific gravity, physical stability testing, hedonic testing, and irritation testing. The organoleptic test results showed that all formulations had a liquid form, a deep light-yellow color, and a characteristic aroma corresponding to the dominant essential oil in each formulation. The pH values of all formulations were stable at 5, indicating safety for skin application. Viscosity values were within the ideal range for massage oil, between 4.124–4.735 cPs, and specific gravity values were within the standard range. Stability testing over 28 days revealed no significant changes in color, aroma, pH, or viscosity. The irritation test indicated that none of the formulations caused skin irritation in panelists. Hedonic testing showed that formulation 2 was the most preferred in terms of aroma, while formulation 3 was preferred for texture. Overall, all three formulations were considered stable, safe, and well accepted by consumers, indicating their potential use as natural massage oil products.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a crucial aspect in manufacturing industries due to the high risk of workplace accidents caused by heavy machinery, chemical substances, and intensive production activities. Companies usually provide Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) as safety guidelines; however, SOPs are often delivered in long textual formats that are less engaging, making workers reluctant to read or difficult to understand quickly. This study aims to design an infographic-based SOP media as an effective visual communication tool to improve workers’ understanding of safety procedures. The research applies a qualitative method with a design approach through workplace observation, interviews with HSE personnel, literature review, and design validation using questionnaires. The results produce infographic media in the form of posters and signage presenting PPE usage procedures, hazard warnings, and evacuation steps using safety color codes, icons, and readable typography. The conclusion indicates that infographic SOP media is more effective than text-based SOP because it improves readability, comprehension, and workers’ memory of safety procedures.

This study aims to analyze the level of financial literacy and examine its influence on the household welfare of vegetable farmers. Agricultural households, particularly smallholder vegetable farmers, frequently experience economic vulnerability due to several structural challenges such as unstable agricultural income, seasonal production patterns, fluctuating market prices, limited access to formal financial services, and inadequate financial management skills. These conditions often make farm households more susceptible to economic shocks, including crop failure, input price increases, or sudden market price declines. In this context, financial literacy becomes an essential capability that enables farmers to manage their financial resources more effectively.This research employed a quantitative research design using a survey approach. The study involved 120 vegetable farmers selected as respondents from major vegetable-producing areas. Data were collected through structured questionnaires designed to measure farmers’ financial literacy levels and household welfare conditions. Financial literacy was assessed through indicators such as financial knowledge, financial behavior, and financial attitudes, while household welfare was evaluated based on indicators including consumption stability, education and health expenditures, savings capacity, and overall economic resilience. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to describe the characteristics and financial literacy levels of respondents, and multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship between financial literacy and household welfare.The results of this study highlight the importance of strengthening financial education programs targeted at agricultural communities. Improving financial literacy among vegetable farmers can contribute not only to better household financial management but also to broader rural economic development. Therefore, financial education initiatives should be integrated into agricultural extension programs, farmer group activities, and local government development strategies. Such initiatives may include training in household financial planning, simple bookkeeping for farm businesses, savings management, and responsible credit use. By enhancing farmers’ financial capabilities, these programs can help improve household welfare, strengthen rural economic resilience, and support the long-term sustainability of the agricultural sector.

This study examines moke as a cultural instrument of reconciliation and identity within the community of Nawang Kewa Village, Sikka Regency. The research is grounded in the concern over the shifting meaning of moke due to modernization and globalization, which potentially weakens its cultural and social significance. The objective of this study is to analyze the social functions, symbolic meanings, and the role of moke as a reconciliation mechanism in resolving social conflicts. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-interpretative and ethnographic design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation, involving traditional leaders, moke producers, and younger community members. The findings reveal that moke functions in three main dimensions: as a ritual-sacred symbol in traditional ceremonies, as a social-integrative medium that strengthens solidarity and communication, and as a socio-reconciliative instrument in conflict resolution through symbolic peace practices. Furthermore, the study identifies a shift in meaning among younger generations, where moke tends to be perceived more as a consumptive product rather than a cultural symbol. The implications of this research highlight the importance of preserving local cultural values through intergenerational transmission and strengthening customary institutions to maintain social cohesion and cultural identity.

This study aims to analyze the organizational performance of the Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Tanjungpinang in managing the tourism sector. Tanjungpinang has significant cultural and historical tourism potential; however, tourist visit trends remain fluctuating and unstable. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a case study method and library research as the data collection technique. Data were obtained from official government documents, statistical data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, and relevant previous studies. The analysis is based on the public sector organizational performance theory proposed by Agus Dwiyanto, focusing on two main indicators: productivity and accountability.   The findings indicate that administratively the agency has consistently implemented programs and organized cultural events in accordance with planning documents. However, the increase in the number of activities has not consistently contributed to stable growth in tourist visits. In terms of accountability, reporting mechanisms have been implemented, yet substantive transparency and public access to information still require improvement. Therefore, the organizational performance can be categorized as administratively adequate but requires enhancement in program effectiveness and public transparency.

The tempe chip industry in Sanan Village, Malang City, represents a culturally embedded small and medium enterprise (SME) cluster that has contributed to the local economy for decades. However, intensifying intra-cluster competition, soybean price volatility, and shifting consumer behavior have placed increasing pressure on the competitiveness of businesses in this area. This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy implemented by Keripik Tempe Dua Karunia — one of the pioneering enterprises in Sanan Village that has been operating since 1980 — and to identify the marketing strategy factors that contribute to enhancing its competitive advantage. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through field observation, in-depth interviews with the business owner, and documentation analysis. The analysis is grounded in the 4P marketing mix framework — Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. The findings reveal that Dua Karunia builds its competitiveness through four strategic pillars: (1) product differentiation through multi-flavor diversification and consumer-driven customization; (2) cost-based pricing that is adaptively managed through shrinkflation tactics in response to raw material price fluctuations; (3) multi-channel distribution that integrates direct outlet sales with digital platforms (Shopee and WhatsApp); and (4) long-established word-of-mouth reputation-based promotion reinforced by active e-commerce presence. This study concludes that the consistent integration of all four marketing mix elements, supported by family-based operational flexibility and the cultural heritage value embedded in the product, constitutes the primary source of sustained competitive advantage for Dua Karunia amid increasingly intense cluster competition. These findings carry practical implications for similar SMEs seeking to design adaptive, competitiveness-oriented marketing strategies.

Community service is a form of implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education which aims to make a real contribution to society through the application of science and research results. This activity focuses on improving the quality of regional public services through transparency of information on governor's regulations at the Legal Bureau of the Banten Provincial Regional Secretariat. The problem faced by the community is that there is still limited access and understanding of various regional law products, especially governor's regulations related to the implementation of government and public services. The methods used in this activity include the preparation stage, implementation of socialization, delivery of information, and evaluation of activities to the community. The results of the activity show that transparency of legal information is able to increase public understanding of local government policies and encourage community participation in the process of implementing government. In addition, this activity also contributes to increasing public legal awareness and strengthening the relationship between the government and the community. Thus, information transparency is an important factor in realizing good and accountable governance, transparent, effective, efficient, and oriented to the public interest.

This study aims to analyze the prevalence of illegal parking attendants and their impact on public service delivery and the Regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Sorong City. The method used is a mixed-method approach. The study employed quantitative methods, including a questionnaire survey and descriptive statistical analysis, as well as correlation analyses, and qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and source triangulation. The results indicate that local government oversight, compliance with parking regulations, and the quality of public services are positively and significantly related to increases in local revenue (PAD). Qualitative findings revealed that illegal parking practices lead to revenue leakage, degraded service quality, and public order issues. Consequently, local governments need to strengthen oversight, digitize parking payments, and provide officers with training to increase transparency and optimize local revenue (PAD). The study's limitations lie in its small sample size and its focus on a single location. Future research is recommended to expand the sample, compare several regions, and employ a more comprehensive policy analysis. These results contribute to the development of informal-economy and social-order theory in the context of urban parking management. In practice, the research findings can serve as the basis for formulating more effective and sustainable parking management policies. Implementation of the recommendations is expected to improve the quality of public services and public trust in local governments effectively and sustainably in the future.

This research investigates the effectiveness of container cargo information management systems at Indonesian ports, examining the critical roles of competency training, shore-based personnel capabilities, and technology adoption in determining system performance and operational outcomes. Container terminals increasingly rely on sophisticated information systems including Terminal Operating Systems (TOS), Port Community Systems (PCS), and Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) for coordinating complex cargo operations, yet system effectiveness depends not solely on technology sophistication but critically on personnel competency, training adequacy, and human-technology integration. Through qualitative analysis involving terminal operators, port information system managers, shore-based operational personnel, training coordinators, and technology providers, this study examines how the interplay between human capabilities and technological capabilities determines information system effectiveness. Results demonstrate that comprehensive competency training programs can improve system utilization effectiveness by 45-65%, reduce operational errors by 50-70%, and enhance productivity by 25-40% through better human-technology integration. Key challenges include inadequate training investment, high personnel turnover, technology complexity exceeding user capabilities, and organizational resistance to systematic training programs. Findings reveal that container terminal information system effectiveness depends fundamentally on sociotechnical system optimization addressing both technological infrastructure and human capability development through sustained competency building programs. This research contributes to port operations literature by providing evidence-based frameworks for human factors integration in port technology implementation.

Community service at the Visi Iy Nike production unit was carried out using a descriptive qualitative and participatory approach to understand real conditions and challenges in the field. The activities began with direct observation of the production process to map workflows, identify operational obstacles, and evaluate the efficiency of resources, including labor, machinery, and production time. In addition, in-depth interviews and group discussions were conducted to collect information regarding production constraints and strategies applied by the operators. The data were analyzed descriptively to identify gaps between production targets and actual outcomes. Based on these findings, several interventions were implemented, including operator skill training, assistance in production planning, and the application of simple lean manufacturing principles to reduce waste and improve efficiency. The results showed that the average production efficiency reached 77%, supported by skilled operators, adequate raw materials, and flexible management practices. Routine documentation and systematic recording of production targets also contributed to better monitoring, evaluation, and faster decision-making processes.

The rapid growth of TikTok Shop as a social commerce platform has led to the emergence of 'toxic content' produced by influencers as a marketing tactic that effectively influences Generation Z's shopping behavior. This study investigates the role of TikTok Shop influencers and their 'toxic content' in stimulating impulse buying behavior among Generation Z consumers in the fast fashion sector, focusing on the psychological mechanisms involved, the most frequently purchased product categories, and the broader impacts of these consumption patterns. A qualitative research approach with a phenomenological design was used, and data were gathered through in-depth interviews with eight informants: six Generation Z consumers aged 19–24 years and two active TikTok Shop fashion influencers, selected via purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014). Findings show that 'toxic content' acts as a stimulus within the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) theoretical framework, triggering impulse buying within minutes by evoking positive emotions and urgency. The Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) mechanism, driven by emotional triggers like time scarcity, social proof, and exclusivity, was the most dominant psychological factor. The most commonly purchased items were tops, coordinated sets, aesthetic bottoms, locally-made footwear, and accessories. The effects of 'toxic content' are financial, psychological, social, and environmental. This study advances influencer marketing literature and provides insights into Generation Z’s consumer behavior in the social commerce age.

This study examines the export barriers encountered by emerging small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia, with a focus on export documentation challenges, tariff constraints, and the adaptive marketing strategies employed to sustain international market engagement. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates PT Albarka International Group, a nascent export-import company established in 2021 and headquartered in Malang, East Java, which specializes in the export of natural commodities including Bakhur-related materials (opercula shells, damar resin, agarwood), spices, and other Indonesian products to Middle East markets including Yemen, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Libya, Sudan, and Djibouti. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with key company personnel and supplemented by document analysis. Findings reveal three primary export barriers: (1) high shipping tariffs relative to regional competitors, frequently triggering order cancellations by importers; (2) complex and time-intensive export documentation requirements, particularly for regulated natural resource products subject to CITES compliance, fish quarantine certification (Health Certificate), and customs declaration (PEB); and (3) internal organizational constraints stemming from overlapping job roles. In response, PT Albarka has adopted adaptive strategies including Full Container Load (FCL) consolidation to reduce per-unit shipping costs, advance payment systems (TT in advance) to mitigate importer default risk, and collaborative consultation with customs and quarantine authorities. The study contributes to the SME internationalization literature by demonstrating how resource-constrained emerging exporters navigate institutional and logistical complexities in developing economy contexts, offering practical insights for SME practitioners and export policy stakeholders.

Independent plantations are a favorite in the Jambi Regional economy, as they are a source of economic growth, employment, exports, and foreign exchange for the region. Despite their relatively low productivity, oil palm plantations in Jambi Province have a major competitive advantage compared to other commodities. This study aims to describe, analyze competitiveness, analyze policy impacts, and conduct sensitivity tests on independent oil palm plantations. The research location was in Merlung District, selecting three sample villages: Tanjung Paku Village, Merlung Village, and Lubuk Terap Village purposively, with a total sample of 43 farmers. The data analysis method used the (PAM) method. The results of the analysis show that independent farmers still have relatively low productivity. The DRCR value is 0.379 (<1) and the PCR value is 0.368 (<1) which indicates savings in the use of domestic resources by 37.9% and 36.8%. These results indicate a comparative and competitive advantage. The divergence impact shows a negative impact, meaning that government policies are not distorted properly, as indicated by an NPCI value of 1.18 (> 1) and an NPCO value of 0.87 (< 1). Sensitivity tests show that independent oil palm plantations still have competitiveness (< 1), despite experiencing policy distortions such as input price increases (11% and 25%) and a decrease in FFB prices (45%).  

This study aims to determine the best combination of oil palm empty fruit bunches (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and chicken manure in the production of bokashi fertilizer. The research was conducted in Tanjung Selor from November to December 2025. The method used was nutrient analysis of bokashi fertilizer derived from combinations of oil palm empty fruit bunches and chicken manure with three treatments. The first treatment (P1) consisted of 15 kg of oil palm empty fruit bunches and 10 kg of chicken manure, the second treatment (P2) consisted of 10 kg of oil palm empty fruit bunches and 15 kg of chicken manure, while the third treatment (P3) consisted of 7.5 kg of oil palm empty fruit bunches and 7.5 kg of chicken manure. The parameters observed included nutrient content of bokashi fertilizer, namely Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), pH, C/N ratio, organic carbon (C-organic), and water content. The results showed that treatment P2, consisting of 10 kg of oil palm empty fruit bunches and 15 kg of chicken manure, produced the best quality bokashi fertilizer.  

SMEs play an important role in Indonesia's economy, one of which is the woodcraft industry that has great potential for export. Putra Mandiri Woodcraft (PMW) faces sales instability, ranging from 30% to 145.48% of the set target, which affects production efficiency. This study aims to formulate an effective marketing strategy to increase sales volume and business competitiveness. The methods used in this study include the IFE and EFE Matrix analysis to identify internal and external factors affecting the company, SWOT analysis to formulate various strategies, and QSPM to determine strategy priorities based on the Total Attractiveness Score (TAS) value. The analysis results show that Putra Mandiri Woodcraft has an IFE score of 2.70 and an EFE score of 2.80, indicating that the company's internal condition is quite strong, although the response to external factors is still moderate. The company's main strengths lie in product quality and consumer trust, while its weaknesses are the lack of innovation in product design. Based on the SWOT analysis results, eight potential strategies were found, and the QSPM shows that expansion through a marketplace based on product quality and more varied designs is the main priority with a TAS value of 6.16.