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The digital era has brought significant changes to various aspects of human life, including business behavior among the younger generation, especially Generation Z. This generation, which grew up amidst technological advances, has special characteristics, such as high dependence on digital technology, rapid adaptability, and a tendency to take advantage of trends to create business opportunities. This study aims to understand the phenomenon of Generation Z business behavior in the digital era through a qualitative approach with a literature study method. The results of the study show that Generation Z is not only a passive consumer, but also an innovator who utilizes digital platforms to overcome global economic challenges. Using an economic sociology approach, this study explores various social, cultural, and economic factors that influence their business behavior. In addition to offering opportunities, digital transformation also brings challenges in the form of competition between platforms that require adaptive strategies from business actors. This study emphasizes the importance of strategic responses that are in line with Generation Z's values ​​and preferences to achieve sustainability in the modern era.

This study aims to analyze the trends of digitalization in Arabic language learning, focusing on the TikTok account of the Al-Azhar Arabic Course. In the modern era, the rapid development of digital technology has transformed educational practices, making learning processes more interactive, flexible, and accessible. TikTok, as one of the most popular social media platforms, offers a new approach to delivering educational content through engaging short videos. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method to understand the use of TikTok as a learning medium, including content patterns, user responses, and its effectiveness. Data were collected through content observation, interviews with account managers and users, and documentation of interactions on the platform. The findings indicate that the Al-Azhar Arabic Course TikTok account successfully captures the interest of young audiences with its varied and interactive content. Active interaction between account managers and users also enhances student engagement in the learning process. Despite challenges related to content quality and technological disparities, this study demonstrates that TikTok holds significant potential as an educational tool for introducing Arabic language to a broader audience. The research recommends that account managers continually update their content and evaluate its relevance and quality.  

Communication is the most important activity in everyday life, language and writing are effective communication tools both verbally and visually, communication in a visual context will be conveyed through typography. As time and technology develop, typography plays an important role and presents many types and styles of letters almost every day which have their own characteristics and uniqueness, one of which is the modern typeface which has minimalist and geometric shapes as benchmarks. The design of this modern typeface typography aims to create letters, numbers and punctuation characters that have their own uniqueness and characteristics by exploring the potential shapes that exist in the Ulos Sadum Mandailing motif ornaments.

Advances in digital technology have changed the way of living and interacting in modern society. Although it provides many conveniences, technology also has the potential to disrupt the balance of life and cause alienation from the spiritual dimension. This research explores multidisciplinary approaches that can be applied to integrate spiritual values into digital lifestyles holistically and contextually. Through a literature review, several main approaches can be identified, namely digital theology, digital psychology, digital sociology, technology ethics, and integrative multidisciplinary approaches. The digital theology approach emphasizes the importance of presenting spirituality in a format relevant to the digital generation. Digital psychology examines the impact of technology on mental health and offers spiritual activity as a solution. Digital sociology looks at changes in community structure and opportunities for building virtual spiritual communities. Technology ethics considers the moral and spiritual implications of technological development. Lastly, an integrative multidisciplinary approach combines multiple perspectives to offer a comprehensive solution. By combining these approaches, this study seeks to find a balance between advances in digital technology and the appreciation of spiritual values in an online-connected society.

The advancement of network technology plays a crucial role in supporting modern education. This study aims to enhance students' understanding of network technology at SMA 1 Tajurhalang through a program of computer network implementation and simulation. The activities involve participatory training that includes the introduction of basic networking concepts, hands-on router configuration practices, and simulations of LAN, MAN, and WAN networks. Evaluation results indicate an improvement in students' ability to configure networks and solve related technical problems. These findings highlight the importance of technology training in preparing students for the digital era.

This study examines the influence of Islamic intellectual transformation on the development of Western civilization, especially in the transfer of knowledge, technology, and cultural values ​​from the Middle Ages to the modern era. The background of this study is based on the importance of understanding the contribution of Islamic civilization in building the intellectual foundation for the rise of Europe. This study aims to identify and analyze the contributions of Muslim scientists in various disciplines, such as philosophy, astronomy, mathematics, and medicine, and how these thoughts were adopted and developed in the Western world. The method used is a qualitative approach through historical literature studies and comparative analysis of classical and modern documents. The findings show that Islamic intellectual thought played a significant role in accelerating Western intellectual development, through translations of scientific works and the influence of the thoughts of figures such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Rushd. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of recognizing the role of Islamic civilization in the history of global science, as well as the need to revitalize dialogue between civilizations to strengthen harmony and cross-cultural cooperation.

Microcontrollers play a vital role in managing patient data systems within hospital environments, including at Kisaran General Hospital. A microcontroller-based data management system facilitates the automation of patient data recording and processing in real time, enhancing both accuracy and efficiency. This study aims to analyze the performance of microcontrollers in a patient data system by evaluating parameters such as processing speed, data accuracy, and system stability. The implementation involves an Arduino Uno microcontroller integrated with sensors and data processing software. Experimental results demonstrate the system's ability to process patient data quickly and accurately, contributing to the operational efficiency of the hospital. These findings highlight the potential of microcontroller technology as a modern solution for patient data management in healthcare settings.

This study examines the application of network models in daily life using a systematic literature review (SLR) method. Network models are mathematical approaches that aid in solving various optimization problems such as shortest routes, minimum spanning trees, and maximum flows. Findings reveal that the Floyd-Warshall and Dijkstra algorithms are applied for route navigation, Prim's algorithm for distribution efficiency, and the Edmonds-Karp algorithm for optimizing resource flows like water. This research highlights the significance of network models in enhancing operational efficiency, sustainability, and accessibility across various domains such as transportation, logistics, and resource management. With the integration of modern technology, network models hold significant potential for developing innovative solutions in everyday life.

ERP software has become an essential tool for managing and organizing vast amounts of data within institutions, especially with the rise of big data concepts. As a relatively new innovation, ERP falls under the umbrella of digital transformations shaping the modern world. These systems, along with their associated applications, offer capabilities that facilitate integration and coordination among departments and processes within organizations. This, in turn, supports better strategic decision-making. Additionally, ERP systems play a crucial role in enhancing production processes and improving customer interaction, provided that the technology and the data it generates are utilized effectively  

Technology 5.0 is the most recent evolution of technology, which connects the physical and digital worlds more integratively and effectively. This era marks a significant change in the way technology is integrated into human life. In creating new innovations in this technological era, female entrepreneurs have an important role. Through collaboration which includes cross-sector cooperation, network development and the use of technology, we can encourage economic growth that is inclusive and relevant to modern human life. This research provides evidence that initiatives led by women have high adaptability and tend to produce innovations that are more humane and user-oriented. In this way, collaboration between women entrepreneurs not only strengthens their role in the economy, but also enriches the innovation ecosystem in the technology 5.0 era.

Traditional markets play an important role in the local economy in Indonesia, especially in creating jobs, income distribution, and preserving culture. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to analyze literature related to the role of traditional markets in improving the economy of people in Indonesia. Through the analysis of relevant scientific articles, it was found that traditional markets contribute to the informal sector, creating jobs, reducing economic disparities, strengthening social networks, and preserving local traditions and culture. However, challenges such as competition with modern markets and inadequate infrastructure are the main obstacles to the sustainability of traditional markets. This study recommends that revitalizing traditional markets through modernizing facilities, empowering traders, and implementing digital technology should be a policy priority to support inclusive and sustainable local economic development.

Machine learning has revolutionized various industrial sectors by giving systems the ability to learn and make decisions based on data without the need for explicit programming. This technology plays an increasingly important role in the era of big data, helping to solve various business and operational challenges. This study aims to explore the literature related to the application of machine learning in various industrial fields, identify advantages, challenges, and direct future research. The research method in the form of a literature review was conducted by collecting and analyzing 15 international journals in the last 10 years that are relevant to this topic. The results of the study show that machine learning has a significant impact in the fields of health, finance, and transportation. Techniques such as deep learning and reinforcement learning have expanded the scope of implementation, although challenges such as interpretability, data bias, and computational requirements remain major obstacles. With continued development, machine learning opens up great opportunities for industrial transformation, although it must still pay attention to ethical and desirable aspects.

This research leads to exploring the effectiveness of active learning strategies in improving students' critical thinking skills in the modern era. By utilizing a qualitative approach and field study methods, the research was conducted at SMP IT Mutiara Ilmu Sokaraja. Data was collected through observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation of principals, teachers, and 8th grade students. The results of the study prove that active learning strategies, such as group discussions, questions and answers, and project-based learning, significantly improve students' critical thinking skills. Students are honed to analyze, evaluate, and solve problems independently, so they are better prepared to face the challenges of the 21st century. In addition, the study reveals the important role of technology as a support for active learning, although its use is still limited to simple devices such as laptops and projectors. The obstacles found include limited technology facilities, learning time, and diverse levels of student readiness. These findings support Neil Smelser's concept of social adaptation, where active learning reflects an adaptive response to modernizing changes in education. The conclusion of this study is that active learning strategies are effective in building students' critical thinking skills, but require support in the form of adequate technological facilities and intensive training for teachers. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of investment in educational technology and teacher capacity building to optimize the implementation of active learning in various educational contexts.

This research aims to explore the role of soil microorganisms in improving soil fertility and agricultural productivity to support sustainable agriculture. Using the literature review method, various scientific literatures were analyzed to identify the potential, challenges, and optimization strategies of microorganism technology. Microorganisms such as Nitrobacter, Streptomyces sp. and Trichoderma sp. play significant roles in nitrogen cycling, organic matter decomposition and plant pathogen control. In addition to naturally improving soil nutrition, these microorganisms also support agricultural efficiency by reducing dependence on synthetic chemical fertilizers and pesticides.  However, the adoption of this technology faces obstacles, such as farmers' lack of knowledge and limited access to quality products. Therefore, strategic steps are needed in the form of training programs, extension, and policy development to support the implementation of microorganism-based technologies. In the context of climate change, microorganisms also contribute to greenhouse gas mitigation and increase crop tolerance to abiotic stress. The results of this study emphasize the importance of microorganisms as a sustainable solution to the challenges of modern agriculture, as well as the need for collaboration between various parties to increase the capacity of farmers in implementing this technology.   

The growing complexity of maritime operations demands deck officers with advanced competencies and a strong understanding of sustainability principles. This study addresses critical gaps in maritime vocational education by exploring the effectiveness of current training programs, the integration of sustainability, and the role of technology-driven approaches. While previous research has focused on technical skills aligned with STCW standards, limited attention has been paid to leadership, communication, and environmental education. The research sought to answer how maritime training can be enhanced to address these gaps. Using a systematic literature review and qualitative analysis of insights from maritime professionals, educators, and graduates, the study synthesized theoretical frameworks with real-world experiences. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, analyzed using thematic coding, and triangulated with findings from the literature review. The results demonstrate strong technical training aligned with STCW standards but reveal fragmented sustainability integration and inadequate leadership preparation. Simulation-based training was identified as highly effective, though it requires support from mentorship and real-world experiences. The findings provide actionable recommendations for enhancing curricula, fostering industry-academic partnerships, and refining policies to better prepare deck officers for modern maritime challenges. This research offers a practical roadmap for transforming maritime education, ensuring safety, operational efficiency, and sustainability in global maritime operations.

This study explores the integration of facial recognition and GPS technology to enhance attendance management systems in educational institutions. By employing a two-layer verification process that combines face validation and location validation, the proposed system addresses common challenges of traditional attendance methods, such as proxy attendance and inefficient data management. The system not only improves accuracy and security but also provides valuable insights into attendance patterns through location-based analytics. Despite its advantages, the research highlights the need to address challenges related to data privacy, security, and user acceptance for successful implementation. Overall, this study contributes to the development of modern attendance management solutions, demonstrating the potential for increased efficiency and effectiveness in educational environments.

This research examines faculty resistance to the development of digital technology in education during the modern educational era. The aim of the study is to identify barriers and explore factors contributing to higher education institutions' resistance to the integration of digital technology. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing surveys to assess faculty attitudes toward digital technology and interviews to provide deeper insights into personal experiences and perceived obstacles. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify common themes and patterns related to resistance among faculty members from various disciplines across different institutions. The innovation of this research lies in its holistic approach, integrating faculty perspectives and institutional policies, as well as professional development and training related to modern learning theories and the application of digital technology in education. The findings emphasize the need for tailored support and training initiatives to enhance skills and confidence in using digital technology, thereby addressing the specific issues and barriers identified by faculty. This integration of technology into teaching is crucial for enhancing effectiveness and improving the learning experiences of students in an increasingly digital era.   Keywords: , , 

This article discusses how churches are adapting their missiology in the digital age by combining traditional methods and modern technology to reach younger generations. Through a mixed-method approach and interviews with leaders of the GMIM Victory Minanga Indah church, the study found that technological advances have opened up significant opportunities for spreading the Gospel through social media and digital platforms. However, the main challenge is maintaining the depth and authenticity of the Gospel message amid the rapid and diverse flow of information. Therefore, ministry strategies must be innovative, contextual, and interactive to be more effective and relevant. The role of church leaders is crucial in managing technology while upholding theological values to ensure the mission remains rooted in Christian teachings. In conclusion, missiology in the digital age must be dynamic and adaptive, blending technology with the foundation of faith to expand the reach of ministry in an inclusive and sustainable manner.

Sustainable water resource management is a crucial issue, especially in horticultural agricultural areas such as Berastagi, Karo Regency, North Sumatra. This area is known for its abundant water resources, but the challenge in optimizing water distribution and quality is still a problem. This study aims to analyze the level of community participation in water resource management in Berastagi and to develop a sustainable management strategy using the SWOT approach. The method used in this study is a SWOT analysis that considers strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in water management. The results show that community participation in technical aspects is quite high, but still low in terms of planning and evaluation. The main strength factors are abundant water resources and support from the farming community, while weaknesses lie in limited infrastructure and water pollution from agricultural activities. The main opportunities for sustainable water management include irrigation modernization and increased government regulation, while the main threats are the impacts of climate change and the use of chemicals in agriculture that have the potential to pollute water. From this SWOT analysis, it is recommended to develop technology-based irrigation infrastructure, increase socialization and community education to increase involvement in water management, and collaboration between the government, community, and research institutions. It is expected that this strategy can strengthen sustainable and adaptive water resource management in the Berastagi horticultural area.

Islamic religious education plays an important role in the formation of character and noble morals. The main goal of Islamic religious education is to form children who are faithful, have good morals, and do good deeds. There are several means of Islamic religious education that can be used to form noble character and morals. Formal education such as madrasahs, religious schools, and Islamic universities can be effective means of Islamic religious education; Non-formal education such as pengajian, majlis taklim, and other religious activities can be flexible means of Islamic religious education; Informal education such as education in the family, community, and environment can be very effective means of Islamic religious education; Technology such as the internet, applications, and social media can be modern and effective means of Islamic religious education; Extracurricular Activities Extracurricular activities such as religious activities, social activities, and sports activities can be fun and effective means of Islamic religious education. In the formation of character and morals, Islamic religious education must pay attention to several aspects such as the formation of good and noble morals, such as honesty, patience, and caring. The formation of correct and consistent worship, such as prayer, fasting, and zakat. The formation of good and fair muamalah, such as being fair, honest, and caring. The formation of high and deep mukasyafah, such as understanding the essence of oneself, God, and the universe. The formation of good and noble character, such as being confident, independent, and responsible. Thus, Islamic religious education can form the character and morals of children who are good, noble, and pious.