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This study implements the Damerau-Levenshtein algorithm for an Indonesian spelling checking and correction system based on the distance editing approach. The main objective of this study is to develop a system capable of automatically detecting and correcting spelling errors at the character level through a matching process against the KBBI dictionary and the Indonesian corpus. The methods used include data collection, text pre-processing, system design, and implementation of the Damerau-Levenshtein algorithm which includes insertion, deletion, substitution, and transposition operations. Testing was conducted using 25 test data consisting of standard words and modified words for typographical errors. The results show that the system is able to measure all test data with an accuracy level of 100% on a limited dataset. In addition, the average Damerau-Levenshtein Distance value of 0.84 indicates that most errors are in the light category. Evaluation using a confusion matrix produces precision, recall, and F1-score values ​​of 100% each. These results indicate that the Damerau-Levenshtein algorithm is effective in handling character-based spelling errors. However, the system still has limitations in handling complex semantic contexts and language variations. Therefore, further research is recommended to integrate language model-based approaches to improve the system's accuracy and generalization on real-world data.

Tobacco use remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia. Adolescents are considered capable of making their own decisions, including the choice to smoke. According to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2021, the smoking prevalence in Indonesia is 33.5%, equivalent to 68.8 million people. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing smoking behavior among adolescents. The results of this study emphasize the importance of greater attention and action to smoking prevention efforts among adolescents, especially among males and those in the older age group. The interventions focused on health education and raising awareness of the dangers of smoking which need to be enhanced, as well as involving family and schools to create a supportive environment therefore the adolescents can make healthier decisions. Furthermore, these results can serve as a basis for the development of more effective policies to address the issue of smoking among adolescents in Indonesia. The research employed a descriptive quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. A total of 5,181 respondents were selected using simple random sampling, and data were collected using a questionnaire. The findings reveal that daily smoking behavior among adolescents is still relatively high, with 11.7% of respondents smoking every day. The majority of respondents were male (70.78%), with the largest age groups being 15 years (21.3%) and 14 years (20.6%). Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test indicated a significant relationship between smoking behavior and both age and gender, with a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05). These results suggest that male adolescents and older age groups are more likely to engage in smoking behavior than their counterparts.

This study implements the Damerau-Levenshtein algorithm for an Indonesian spelling checking and correction system based on the distance editing approach. The main objective of this study is to develop a system capable of automatically detecting and correcting spelling errors at the character level through a matching process against the KBBI dictionary and the Indonesian corpus. The methods used include data collection, text pre-processing, system design, and implementation of the Damerau-Levenshtein algorithm which includes insertion, deletion, substitution, and transposition operations. Testing was conducted using 25 test data consisting of standard words and modified words for typographical errors. The results show that the system is able to measure all test data with an accuracy level of 100% on a limited dataset. In addition, the average Damerau-Levenshtein Distance value of 0.84 indicates that most errors are in the light category. Evaluation using a confusion matrix produces precision, recall, and F1-score values ​​of 100% each. These results indicate that the Damerau-Levenshtein algorithm is effective in handling character-based spelling errors. However, the system still has limitations in handling complex semantic contexts and language variations. Therefore, further research is recommended to integrate language model-based approaches to improve the system's accuracy and generalization on real-world data.

In the digital era, teachers are required to be creative in integrating technology with learning to make the learning process more engaging and effective. This study explores how the Wordwall application can bridge the gap between Islamic Religious Education (PAI) material, which is rich in moral values, and Physical Education, Sports, and Health (PJOK), which emphasizes the importance of physical health. This application provides interactive games that allow students to learn while playing, so that they not only understand religious teachings and physical skills but also experience a fun learning experience. Through various types of games such as puzzles and quizzes, students can more easily remember the lesson material and apply that knowledge in their daily lives. In addition, the use of Wordwall encourages active student participation in each learning session. This strengthens their engagement in the learning process and increases motivation to learn. The research findings show that Wordwall can transform the classroom atmosphere to be more lively, interactive, and collaborative, creating an environment that supports active and enjoyable learning for students.

Dairi Regency is known as a regency that has a natural charm that can be a potential attraction that can attract many tourists. Puncak Sidiangkat is one of the destinations that is often visited because of its natural beauty which is still very beautiful and green. So this research was conducted with the aim of planning hotels and tourist areas using ecovillage design. Puncak Sidiangkat which has the opportunity to build hotels and glamping along with other tourist facilities, develops knowledge about the advantages of natural resources in Dairi Regency which blends directly with nature in an effort to achieve economic sustainability. The design of hotel and tourist areas is inseparable from how to design buildings that have a positive effect on the surrounding environment, especially the development of mountain tourism infrastructure and facilities as an environmentally friendly and energy-efficient tourism sector. This study also considers local cultural values, community participation, and the use of sustainable materials to ensure long-term environmental balance. Furthermore, the integration of renewable energy systems, proper waste management, and landscape conservation is emphasized to support eco-friendly tourism development. Through this approach, the project is expected to enhance tourist experience while preserving natural resources and improving the local economy.

Fahombo (Hombo Batu) is a cultural heritage of the South Nias people that not only displays visual beauty and symbolic meaning, but also contains educational values for character building for the younger generation. This study aims to explore the pedagogical aspects contained within it while examining its relevance to the integration of arts and culture in holistic learning in the modern era. A qualitative approach with descriptive methods was chosen to understand the meaning, function, and educational messages that are alive and passed down through this cultural practice. Data collection was conducted through field observations, in-depth interviews, and documentation involving traditional leaders, parents, and actively participating youth. Analysis was carried out through stages of reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions by applying triangulation of sources and techniques to ensure the validity of the findings. The results of the study indicate the existence of character-building values such as courage, discipline, responsibility, perseverance, and social solidarity. Furthermore, this activity reflects a comprehensive learning process because it involves the physical, mental, emotional, social, and cultural dimensions in an integrated manner. These findings confirm that local wisdom can be utilized as a relevant contextual learning resource to develop a holistic education model that is adaptive to current developments while rooted in cultural identity.

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a problem that women often experience during menstruation, in the form of dull pain in the lower abdomen because the uterine muscles contract. This pain can appear before menstruation, during menstruation, or after menstruation is finished. Dysmenorrhea refers to pain or discomfort that occurs during menstruation and can interfere with daily work. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of abdominal stretching exercises and deep breathing relaxation techniques on the level of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescent girls. Methods: This type of research is quantitative research using a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test nonequivalent control group design with a purposive sampling technique, with a sample size of 80 female respondents from class X. The data collection tool used was an observation sheet with an NRS measuring instrument. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS 23 with intergroup analysis using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The results of the bivariate analysis of the Wilcoxon test in the experimental group showed a p value of 0.000 where (p<0.05), then the Mann-Whitney test showed a p value of 0.000 where (p<0.05) so that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted, which means there is a significant influence and difference. Conclusion: This shows that there is an influence of Abdominal Stretching Exercise and Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques on the Level of Dysmenorrhea Pain in Young Women (Research Study Conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Kubutambahan).

This study examines the contribution of Aqidah, Sharia, and Morals to the formation of Muslim character. Aqidah serves as the foundation of faith, Sharia serves as a guideline for regulating daily behavior, while Morals are the manifestation of ethical behavior reflected in social life. These three components are interrelated and together form a balanced Muslim personality. The approach and method used in this study were qualitative, using a literature review method obtained through theories of Islamic education, character formation, and moral development from various books and scientific journals. The collected data were then subjected to further analysis. The results of the study indicate that the integration of Aqidah, Sharia, and Morals plays a role in shaping individuals with strong spiritual awareness, commendable behavior, and social responsibility. Individuals who possess strong Aqidah, consistently adhere to Sharia, and practice good Morals tend to demonstrate honesty, discipline, and empathy in social life. Furthermore, character education based on Islamic values ​​can also strengthen moral awareness and create harmonious social relationships. The implications of this research suggest that both formal and non-formal educational institutions need to integrate faith values, religious practices, and morals into character education programs. This integration is expected to produce a generation with integrity, religious character, and the ability to adapt to the challenges of the modern era.

This research examines how families and communities play a role in instilling the value of tolerance through multicultural education. As a country rich in ethnic, religious, cultural and linguistic diversity, Indonesia needs an attitude of mutual respect so that social life continues to run in peace and harmony. Therefore, it is important to introduce the value of tolerance from an early age through the child's closest environment, such as family, community and school. In everyday life, the family is the first place where children receive education about tolerance through providing understanding, habituating positive behavior, example from parents, and monitoring children's attitudes. On the other hand, society also has a contribution as a learning environment that introduces children to diversity through social interaction and various joint activities. Schools also play a role in forming a tolerant character by implementing multicultural education in a planned and sustainable manner. This research uses a literature study method by examining various scientific sources related to multicultural education and instilling the value of tolerance. Based on the results of the study, it is known that cooperation between family, school and community has a very important role in shaping children's character so that they are able to appreciate differences, live side by side in harmony, and maintain unity in the life of a diverse society.

Religious culture that is still quite strong in the community is an important capital in the implementation of youth development programs. However, the influence of social media, promiscuity, and the lack of religious activities that are attractive to the younger generation have led to a decrease in adolescents' interest in religious activities in mosques. Therefore, this research aims to form the character of discipline, responsibility, and cooperation in the group through Islamic hadrah art activities. This study uses the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) method, which is a community empowerment approach that focuses on the strengths and potentials possessed by the community, not on existing shortcomings or problems. In this approach, the community is invited to identify various assets they have, such as human resources, local institutions, cultural values, and social networks that can be used to overcome the problems they face. The results of the study showed that the adolescent participants experienced improved skills in playing hadrah and understanding of religious values. In addition, there has been a change in behavior towards being more disciplined, active, and caring for religious activities in the mosque environment.

This study aims to determine the extent to which product innovation, brand image, and digital marketing influence the purchasing decisions of Scarlett Whitening consumers in the city of Batam. The subjects of this study are individuals who have used Scarlett Whitening products in Batam City in 2025. The population size could not be determined precisely, so the sample size was determined using the Lemeshow formula, with a total of 100 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression, supported by a series of tests, including data quality tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis tests. The analysis results show that product innovation has an influence of 27.7%, brand image of 28.4%, and digital marketing of 26.5% on consumer purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, the coefficient of determination (R²) value indicates that simultaneously, these three variables can explain 28.9% of the variation in purchasing decisions. Furthermore, the results of the t-test and F-test prove that product innovation, brand image, and digital marketing have a significant effect, both partially and simultaneously, on the purchasing decisions for Scarlett Whitening products in Batam City. Keywords: Product Innovation,Brand Image, Digital Marketing, Purchase Decision.

One of the most actively traded and liquid stock groups in the capital market is the LQ45 index, which consistently attracts investor attention due to its strong market capitalization and transaction volume. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial performance and financial management strategies on firm value among companies listed in the LQ45 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2018–2022 period. The study population consisted of 73 LQ45-indexed companies, with purposive sampling used to select 23 companies that met the research criteria. This research employed a quantitative approach using path analysis to examine both direct and indirect relationships among variables. The findings indicate that profitability and leverage have a positive and significant effect on firm value. In addition, profitability and leverage also positively influence firm size, indicating that companies with stronger profitability and effective debt management tend to expand their operational scale. However, firm size does not significantly affect firm value and is unable to mediate the relationship between profitability, leverage, and firm value. These results suggest that investors place greater emphasis on profitability and leverage indicators than company size when evaluating firm value in LQ45 companies. Therefore, effective financial performance remains the primary factor in enhancing corporate value and investor confidence.

Digital transformation has driven organizations to adopt the metaverse as a 3D virtual workspace that enables employee interaction through avatars, thereby introducing new challenges in managing organizational identity, work culture, and employee loyalty. This study aims to analyze the role of human resource leadership in establishing organizational identity, transforming work culture, and sustaining employee loyalty within a metaverse-based work environment. The study employs an integrative literature review approach by systematically collecting and synthesizing relevant scholarly sources from reputable publications within the last five years. The findings indicate that organizational identity in the metaverse is constructed through avatar representation and virtual environment design, while work culture undergoes a transformation toward flexible digital interaction patterns that still require reinforcement of organizational values. Furthermore, employee loyalty is influenced by the quality of virtual experiences and the effectiveness of leadership communication. In this context, digital-based HR leadership emerges as a critical factor in fostering employee engagement and trust in a non-physical interaction setting. This study contributes conceptually by integrating leadership, identity, culture, and loyalty within the metaverse framework, and provides practical implications for organizations in designing adaptive human resource management strategies in response to the advancement of immersive technologies.

This study is intended to analyze the implementation of the value for money approach in assessing financial performance at RSUD Kota Tangerang during the period of 2022–2024. The research employs a descriptive quantitative approach using secondary data derived from budget realization reports. This analysis carried out using three main ratios: economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. The findings show that the hospital’s financial performance is categorized as economical, as reflected by economy ratios under 100% throughout the observed year. In terms of effectiveness, performance was considered effective in 2022 and 2023 but declined in 2024, indicating that the revenue target was not fully achieved. Meanwhile, efficiency performance remains suboptimal, as efficiency ratios exceed 100%, suggesting that the costs incurred are higher than the revenue generated. Overall, the hospital demonstrates the ability to manage its budget economically and achieve revenue targets, but still faces challenges in improving resource efficiency. Therefore, efforts are needed to optimize cost management and enhance service productivity to achieve a balance among economy, efficiency, and effectiveness in line with the value for money principles.

Low-rank coal generally has a high moisture content, which results in a low calorific value and suboptimal quality for utilization as an energy source. One method that can be applied to improve coal quality is the Upgrading Brown Coal (UBC) process, which functions to reduce moisture content and increase fixed carbon value. This study aims to analyze the effect of heating time and the ratio of used oil composition on improving coal quality based on proximate parameters. The research method includes collecting coal samples from four locations in Samarinda and its surrounding areas, namely SMAN 1 Samarinda, Bhineka Street, Palaran Stadium, and Tani Bakti Village. The samples were analyzed using proximate analysis, including inherent moisture (IM), ash content (AC), volatile matter (VM), and fixed carbon (FC), both before and after the UBC process. The upgrading process was carried out with variations in heating time and used oil composition as a coating medium to enhance coal stability and prevent moisture reabsorption. The final results of the upgrading process showed the best values of inherent moisture at 13.64%, ash content at 4.66%, volatile matter at 55.06%, and fixed carbon at 44.94%. The results indicate that the UBC process is capable of reducing inherent moisture and increasing fixed carbon, thereby improving coal quality. Variations in heating time and used oil composition have a significant effect on changes in proximate parameters. Longer heating time and an appropriate ratio of used oil composition result in a more optimal improvement in coal quality.

Islamic education in this era of disruption faces a double challenge: the demand for complex professional competencies and the moral degradation of students. Law No. 14 of 2005 has established four pillars of teacher competency, but this framework is often interpreted administratively and has not touched on the deeper ethical-spiritual foundations. This study aims to revitalize the concept of teacher competency by synthesizing the values of adab mu'allim from the book At-Tibyan by Imam An-Nawawi into modern teacher competency standards. This study uses a qualitative method with a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. Data were collected through documentation of classical texts and indexed journal articles (2015-2025), then analyzed using the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña. The results show a strong overlap between the values of At-Tibyan and the Teacher and Lecturer Law. Personal Competence is strengthened by sincerity and muraqabah; Social Competence is deepened by rifq (gentleness); and Professional Competence is perfected by the concepts of itqan (validation of the chain of transmission of knowledge) and hirshu (fighting spirit). This integration offers a “Complete Teacher” paradigm who is not only technically professional but also has spiritual authority in shaping students' character in the digital age.

Suboptimal waste management has become a serious problem in local communities, even though inorganic waste has high economic potential if managed wisely. In Tegalsari Village, Ambulu Subdistrict, waste management needs to be strengthened through a financial approach. This community service activity aims to empower the economy of Tegalsari Village residents by revitalizing the management of the waste bank so that it provides direct economic value that can increase household income. The implementation of this activity was carried out through a planning phase that included program coordination meetings, the formation and revitalization of the management structure, educational outreach on the economic value of waste, and a partnership collaboration with the Karya Mandiri Jember Central Waste Bank (BSI). Furthermore, the operational implementation phase includes the sorting of inorganic waste by residents in their respective homes, weighing, recording financial transactions in customer savings books, and transporting the waste to collectors. The results of these activities demonstrate the establishment of a more organized management system and an increase in residents’ active participation in waste sorting. The profit-sharing system for customer savings from waste sales has proven effective in boosting residents’ enthusiasm, enabling the program to tangibly transform waste into income while strengthening the domestic economic resilience of the Tegalsari Village community.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Brand Image, Product Quality, and Promotion on Purchase Decisions of Crocs sandals in Batam City. The research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 119 respondents who are consumers of Crocs products in Batam City. The data analysis techniques include validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination analysis, using SPSS version 26. The results indicate that Brand Image and Product Quality have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions. Meanwhile, Promotion shows a positive but insignificant effect on Purchase Decisions. Simultaneously, Brand Image, Product Quality, and Promotion have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.905 indicates that 90.5% of the variation in Purchase Decisions can be explained by the three independent variables, while the remaining 9.5% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study. This research is expected to provide insights for companies in formulating more effective marketing strategies, particularly in strengthening brand image and improving product quality.

This study analyzes how Abuela Alma Madrigal's behaviors toward her family in Disney's Encanto (2021) are influenced by Jungian archetypes. The psychological analysis of matriarchal characters in animated films has received little attention, despite the widespread usage of Jungian theory in film analysis. The aim of this study is to identify the Jungian archetypes that Abuela embodies and analyze how they influence her relationships with the Madrigal family. Data was gathered by repeatedly watching the movie using a qualitative, descriptive approach. Jung's archetypal theory (1959) served as the main framework for the analysis of a selection of dialogues that were transcribed and classified based on specific archetypes. The results show that Abuela's behavior is greatly influenced by five archetypes. She is motivated by the persona archetype to maintain a public persona of magical perfection, valuing each family member according to how they contribute to this image. The trauma of losing her husband Pedro is the source of the Shadow archetype, which takes the form of denial and blame projection until Mirabel confronts it. The Great Mother archetype illustrates how her parental love turned into conditional acceptance and overprotection. The Wise Old Woman archetype highlights the difference between her appearance of authority and the personal doubt she carries. Finally, the Self archetype signifies her psychological transformation as she completely accepts the value of each family member and integrates her suppressed fears, completing Jung's individuation process. These results validate that Jungian theory provides a useful framework for analyzing matriarchal characters in animated films and show how universal psychological patterns associated with trauma, authority, and family dynamics can be meaningfully reflected in modern animated films.

Psychological well-being in the workplace and educational environment is influenced not only by policies and facilities but also by psychological approaches that touch on individuals' mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects. This study aims to explain how psychological approaches can enhance well-being and motivation. The results of the study show that integrating Islamic educational values, mindfulness, and emotional intelligence can help individuals manage stress, increase self-confidence, and strengthen the meaning of life. In addition, adjusting learning materials to the needs of students also plays a role in supporting mental health. Individual motivation can be increased through approaches that align with psychological needs, such as fulfilling basic needs, providing rewards, and supporting autonomy and social relationships. The implementation of strategies such as open communication, good leadership, and a comfortable work environment also contributes to increasing motivation and performance. Thus, the psychological approach has an important role in creating a healthy, productive, and sustainable educational and organizational environment.