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Education in Indonesia has undergone major changes since the beginning of the 21st century, with an emphasis on a student-centered educational paradigm and learning adapted to the needs of the times. At the beginning of the 21st century, there have been significant and undeniable advances in technology. Humans have utilized their inherent potential to face the challenges posed by nature through technological means. This article discusses the challenges and strategies for implementing 21st century Indonesian educational philosophy in secondary schools. The main challenges faced are resistance to change, lack of understanding of philosophical concepts, and limited resources. However, to overcome these challenges requires a training and coaching approach for educators, integrating educational philosophy into the curriculum and extracurricular activities, as well as various approaches to support the implementation of Indonesian educational philosophy in the 21st century. Through strong efforts and collaboration between various stakeholders, the implementation of the 21st century Indonesian education philosophy in secondary schools is expected to produce graduates who have qualities, values and skills that are in line with the needs of the times.

Education in Indonesia has undergone major changes since the beginning of the 21st century, with an emphasis on a student-centered educational paradigm and learning adapted to the needs of the times. At the beginning of the 21st century, there have been significant and undeniable advances in technology. Humans have utilized their inherent potential to face the challenges posed by nature through technological means. This article discusses the challenges and strategies for implementing 21st century Indonesian educational philosophy in secondary schools. The main challenges faced are resistance to change, lack of understanding of philosophical concepts, and limited resources. However, to overcome these challenges requires a training and coaching approach for educators, integrating educational philosophy into the curriculum and extracurricular activities, as well as various approaches to support the implementation of Indonesian educational philosophy in the 21st century. Through strong efforts and collaboration between various stakeholders, the implementation of the 21st century Indonesian education philosophy in secondary schools is expected to produce graduates who have qualities, values and skills that are in line with the needs of the times.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been applied to many human endeavors, and epidemiology is no exception. The AI community has recently seen a renewed interest in applying AI methods and approaches to epidemiological problems. However, a number of challenges are impeding the growth of the field. This work reviews the uses and applications of AI in epidemiology from 1994 to 2023. The following themes were uncovered: epidemic outbreak tracking and surveillance, Geo-location and visualization of epidemics data, Tele-Health, vaccine resistance and hesitancy sentiment analysis, diagnosis, predicting and monitoring recovery and mortality, and decision support systems. Disease detection received the most interest during the time under review. Furthermore, the following AI approaches were found to be used in epidemiology: prediction, geographic information systems (GIS), knowledge representation, analytics, sentiment analysis, contagion analysis, warning systems, and classification. Finally, the work makes the following findings: the absence of benchmark datasets for epidemiological purposes, the need to develop ethical guidelines to regulate the development of AI for epidemiology as this is a major issue impeding it’s growth, a concerted and continuous collaboration between AI and Epidemiology experts to grow the field, the need to develop explainable and privacy retaining AI methods for more secured and human understandable AI solutions.

This study aimed to determine the P.aeruginosa that causes infectionby molecular technique. Bacterial isolated and identificatedphenotypically and genotypically, and their antibiogram detection. Onehundred clinical specimens were collected from patients suffering fromdifferent clinical infections during the period from September 2024 toJanuary 2024 in AL-Sadder Medical city. The identification of theP.aeruginosa isolates depended on colonial morphology, microscopicexamination and biochemical tests. P.aeruginosa had the ability toproduce capsule, biofilm , adhesion, protease, bacteriocin, haemolysin,B-lactamase and gelatinase. Regard to molecular study 16 RNA geneappeared th at all isolates due to (100%) of P. aeruginosa isolatesTo conclusion that P. aeruginosa able to produce sever pathogenicitymarkers which responsible for pathogenicity of P.aeruginosa infections.

This research aims to look at the phenomenon of school principal management in improving teachers' pedagogical and professional competence. Principal management includes planning, implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors and evaluation carried out by the principal. This research uses a qualitative phenomenology approach which was carried out at State Vocational High Schools in Jambi Province. Data collection techniques include interviews, observation and documentation. The research was carried out at SMK Negeri 4 Sarolangun, SMK Negeri 4 Jambi City and SMK Negeri 4 Tanjung Jabung Timur. Research subjects included school principals, deputy principals, heads of skills programs, teachers and school staff. Research results: (1) principal planning in the form of teacher needs analysis, in house training, teacher internship program, bringing in guest teachers, upskilling and reskilling programs, (2) implementation includes: learning planning, application of learning methods, classroom management, professional development , collaboration with colleagues, curriculum understanding, use of educational technology, teacher skills development, educational research and measurement and evaluation. (3) The supporting factors are: leadership commitment, teacher empowerment, providing space for teachers to develop initiatives. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors are budget limitations, resistance to change, unavailability of human resources, teachers' insufficient ICT capabilities and lack of support from related parties. (4) Evaluations carried out by school principals include teacher performance assessments, evaluation discussions with teachers, training and professional development. Based on the research findings, it was concluded that management was carried out directly by the school principal in improving the competency of State Vocational School teachers in Jambi Province. Recommendations were submitted to the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture, the Jambi Provincial Education Office and the Industrial and Business World to develop teacher competencies in accordance with industry needs.

Background: Anaemia is a condition with lower-than-normal haemoglobin levels and red blood cells. Iron nutritional anaemia in young women is at higher risk because it causes a person to experience decreased body resistance, making them susceptible to health problems (Anggoro, 2020). Normal Hb levels in female adolescents >12 g/dL, women of childbearing age 12–14 g/dL, pregnant women 11 g/dL, and males >13 g/dL. The prevalence of anaemia among young women in Semarang City is 43.75% (Semarang City Health Office, 2019). Based on preliminary studies at SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang from class X, XI, and XII representatives, such as BP checks, conjunctival and skin examinations. After a simple examination, it was found that there were 3 class X who experienced symptoms of anaemia. Eight students in class XI experienced symptoms of anemia. In class XII, four people experienced symptoms of anaemia. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of health education on the level of knowledge of anaemia in young female at SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang.Method: This study used the pre-experimental design method with a one-group pre-test and post-test design approach. The sampling technique used was total sampling with a sample size of 55 respondents, and the research location was at SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang. The data analysis used was the Wilcoxon test with the Shapiro-Wilk data normality test. Results: Based on data analysis, we obtained good knowledge from 51 (92.7%) respondents. The results of the Wilcoxon statistical test, namely a p-value of 0.000 (<0.005) and a potential health education value of 6.473x, affect the level of knowledge about anaemia in female adolescents. It can be concluded that Ha is accepted, and Ho is rejected; that is, there is an effect of providing health education on the level of knowledge about anaemia in young female at SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang. Conclusion: Adolescents need to be given additional health education about anaemia to better recognize the signs and symptoms and how to avoid it.

This research aims to describe the social movement of boycotting Israeli affiliated products and its impact in Padang City, 2017-2023. The research method used is the library study method (library research). This research uses an empathetic approach to study the phenomenon of the social movement of boycotting Israeli-affiliated products in Padang city. The results of this study show that after the British issued the "Balfour Declaration" which included the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine. From then on, Jews arrived in the Palestinian territories in very large numbers, which increased year by year. The arrival of these Jewish immigrants caused conflicts with the Palestinians because the Jewish immigrants wanted to establish a "Jewish state" in Palestine. The resistance of the Palestinian fighters continues to this day, so that the conflict continues, resulting in many casualties, especially Palestinian casualties. Israel is able to survive in Palestine because it is supported by its ally, the United States. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict has gained international attention because of the human rights violations committed by Israel. In the city of Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, as a form of reaction to the Israeli aggression against Palestine, there was a social movement to boycott Israeli products carried out by the government and various communities such as the Indonesian Youth National Committee (KNPI), Islamic Tarbiyah Association (PERTI) and others. The impact of the boycott social movement is the decrease in the number of consumers of Israeli affiliated product brands, namely Starbucks in the city of Padang, West Sumatra.

This study was conducted with the aim of examining cyerbullying behavior that occurs in the Mobile Legends game in the Mobile Legends player community. This study uses theories from Think Before Text, Kowalski (2008), and the Transtheorical Model (1970) using descriptive qualitative research methods, and the method of finding informants using purposive sampling and snowball sampling techniques. The factors that influence the occurrence of cyberbullying are divided into several factors, but the factors that have the most influence on the occurrence of cyberbullying actions include family factors, the environment, and one's nature. As a result of cyberbullying, it will cause behavioral changes in a person, these behavioral changes are preceded by precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. The factors that influence a person to experience changes in behavior due to cyberbullying are caused by a lack of parental attention in supervising their children's socialization, a poor friendship environment, and unstable emotions, causing changes in the behavior of victims to become cyberbullying perpetrators. Therefore, it is necessary to have supervision from parents in supervising the socialization of their children, the need for self-resistance so as not to fall into negative things in socializing, the need for healthy and sporitf competition in channeling the talent of playing MLBB games, and the need for strict sanctions against perpetrators.

Harmonization of traditional leadership, especially through the figure of David, opens up opportunities and challenges in the context of modern pastoral ministry. Values ​​such as courage, perseverance, and integrity serve as inspiration for church leaders. A strategic approach, involving coaching and training, is crucial to integrating these values. Despite challenges and resistance, a deep understanding of these factors helps design effective strategies. By applying values ​​in daily practice, church leaders create enduring, relevant, and inspiring ministries, guiding people toward spiritual growth.

This article aims to describe the results of women's gender analysis and the differences in views of A.R. Rizal and Maman Suherman regarding gender relations in their novels. This article uses a qualitative descriptive method. The object of this research is the novels "Maransi" and "Re and Perempuan". This article focuses on problems related to women's injustice and women's consciousness which are studied using gender analysis. Data was obtained using reading and note-taking techniques. The results of this research show: (1) the novel "Maransi" presents gender relations which are dominated by men. A slight difference with the novel "Re: and Perempuan" where the beginning of the story also presents male domination, but continues with the character's efforts to fight against male domination. In the end, the characters in the novel "Re: and Perempuan" prove that women are not always under the power of men. (2) The novel "Maransi" presents a story about the strong culture that influences freedom for women. The novel "Re and Perempuan" presents resistance to male domination, thus proving that women can be independent and powerful.

The Community Service Program (KKN) of Raja Ali Haji Maritime University in Toapaya Village has a work program that aims to encourage the advancement of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) by facilitating the creation of Business Identification Numbers (NIB). This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach to understand the process, challenges, and impact of business legality on MSME actors. The results of the activity show that NIB ownership provides significant benefits, including increasing business legality and credibility, expanding access to capital, and opening opportunities to participate in various government programs. The assistance process was carried out through socialization, data collection, technical assistance, and NIB distribution. Despite facing obstacles such as limited digital literacy, internet access, and resistance to change, the collaboration between KKN students, the village government, and related agencies succeeded in helping MSME actors obtain NIBs effectively. With business legality, MSMEs in Toapaya Village were able to increase their competitiveness, expand their marketing networks, and strengthen their role in village economic development. This program proves that MSME empowerment based on business legality can be an important foundation for village independence and sustainable economic growth.

Based on the International Diabetic Federation (IDF), in 2017, the number of people suffering from DM in Indonesia was 10.3 million people, Indonesia was ranked 6th with the highest number of DM patients. Foot ulcers are often the main cause of hospitalization in DM patients, and DM is the main cause of lower extremity amputation in non-traumatic cases. Currently, Indonesia does not yet have a consensus for the management of diabetic foot infections. Management of diabetic foot infections currently uses guidelines from the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) and the International Working Group of Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) for empirical selection of antibiotics. The basic principles of healing diabetic ulcers are adequate arterial perfusion, proper control of infection, and offloading the ulcer area. Empirical selection of antibiotics often coincides with inadequate information regarding microbiological patterns. Choosing an antibiotic with a spectrum that is too narrow will cause pathogens to be overlooked in infections which are often caused by polymicrobial, and cause clinical deterioration in the patient. Unnecessary selection of broad-spectrum antibiotics can contribute to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance. Mild and moderate infections can be given antibiotics with a narrower spectrum. Severe infections require parenteral administration to reach therapeutic levels immediately.

Ultrafiltration membrane is one of wastewater treatment technologies, but membranes have limitations such as the occurrence of the phenomenon of concentration polarization and fouling. The research objective of this study the effect of variations in transmembrane pressure against the rejection percentage COD, TSS, and the effect of variations in transmembrane pressure, concentration of washing of the efficiency and effectiveness of washing the membrane. The process of ultrafiltration membranes and membrane chemical washing wastewater laundry do with variations in pressure of 1 bar, 2 bar, and 3 bar. Variation of chemical cleaning agent concentration of 1%, 1.5% and 2%, rinsing with distilled water for 30 minutes, filtering wastewater laundry for 120 minutes, and washing using chemical cleaning agent (NaOH) for 30 minutes. Highest rejection percentage for COD parameter 86.6% and 85.7% for TSS parameters in transmembrane pressure of 3 bar. The highest washing efficiency of the value of Flux Recovery (FR) gained 81.9%, and the value of resistance of Removal (RR) gained 82.59% with a concentration of 2% in the transmembrane pressure of 3 bar. The highest leaching effectiveness obtained at 50.21% with a concentration of 2% and a transmembrane pressure of 3 bar.

This study aims to analyze the semiotic meanings and to find out the types of gestures in the BTS Blood, Sweat, and Tears In theory, Roland Barthes discusses three semiotic meanings: denotative, connotative, and myth. This study uses qualitative methods to examine the substance of the meaning of the phenomenon. Researcher used books, theses, journals, and visual images taken from the BTS Blood, Sweat, and Tears music video as data sources to support analysis. The results of this study: there are 10 data where each data has one to four scenes. From the 10 data, there are types of gestures which include 6 data belonging to the illustrator gesture type, 2 data including the embellishment gesture type, and 2 data belonging to the illustrator gesture type. Of all the semiotics presented, the meaning of this music video is the story of resistance, denial, and eventually acceptance. Once cannot stand in the museum of their life forever and look longingly at the mementos of the past. The world is a place of complex relationships between light and dark, good and evil, virtuosity and sin. As we all cross the threshold of puberty we are faced with the choices that shape our lives. No one person is immune to the temptations of such a life and seeing it, understanding it for what it is, and making those choices is all we can do. No one remains untouched by the darkness.

Recent developments in information and communication technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) provide new opportunities to increase the efficiency and accuracy of performance assessment. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the shift to a remote work model has created a need for technology solutions to unify and transmit the performance of employees working from multiple locations. The use of technology in performance management evaluations may raise concerns regarding data security and privacy, inconvenience or resistance to employees or stakeholders. Not all employees or managers have the same level of skill and understanding of the technology being implemented and it requires a high initial investment in maintenance and upgrades. This article provides an understanding of how technology can be applied in management performance evaluation and its benefits in increasing efficiency, objectivity and accuracy in employee assessment as well as providing recommendations for innovation and changes in the use of technology in management performance evaluation. The methodology used is a qualitative method by collecting data from various information sources. Some of the positive impacts of implementing technology in performance evaluation management are increased efficiency and productivity, real-time feedback, increased objectivity and fairness, more accurate and measurable performance monitoring. The technologies that can be used are Go Talent, Feedback and Recognition Systems, Analytics Technology, Application-Based Performance Evaluation Systems, Use of AI for Objective Evaluation and Chabots for Feedback.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar due to decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells or insulin resistance. Difficulty controlling blood sugar levels is a problem experienced by every person with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several reasons cause uncontrolled blood sugar levels, such as the patient not wanting to exercise, poor diet and negligence in treatment. Management of diabetes mellitus can be done with non-pharmacological therapy in the form of physical exercise. Physical activity will make the body's metabolism work more optimally which will result in blood glucose levels being controlled so that holistic treatment is needed. One of the non-pharmacological physical exercise therapies that can be given to diabetes mellitus sufferers is progressive muscle relaxation techniques. Research method: Implementing Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients to reduce Blood Glucose Levels. Research results: The results of implementation and evaluation for 3 days with Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy intervention showed objective and subjective changes in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients as well as changes in blood glucose levels before and after being given Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy. Conclusion: There is a decrease in Blood Glucose Levels after Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy.

The skin is the widest organ that makes up the human body which is the outermost and covers the entire surface of the body. The outermost location causes the skin to receive stimulation for the first time such as touch stimulation, pain, or bad influences from outside. This causes the skin to stretch due to disease. One of the most common skin diseases suffered by people is acne. Acne occurs generally triggered by the bacterium Propionibacterium acnes (gram positive bacteria). Effective acne treatment can use antibiotics, but inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to resistance. Therefore it is necessary to have alternative therapies from plants that have the potential as antibacterial. One of the natural ingredients from plants that have antibacterial properties is mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana Linn.)This research was conducted using a descriptive experimental method with the aim of knowing the presence of antibacterial activity in cream preparations of ethanol extract of mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria as seen from the inhibition of bacteria with varying concentrations of 10%, 15% and 25% by using paper disc diffusion method and solid liquid dilution method. The positive control used clindamycin cream and the negative control used 1% DMSO. Analysis of the diameter of the inhibition data was carried out using the One Way ANOVA test. The preparation formulation that has the largest diameter in the diffusion test is F3 with a concentration of 25% with an average inhibition of 6.36 in the medium category.  The MIC and KBM values in the dilution method were at a concentration of 12.5%. The results of a normally distributed One Way ANOVA are measured with a value (P> 0.05). Mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana Linn.) has antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.    

This study investigates the impact of digital gamification on employee motivation, engagement, and productivity in technology companies. Gamification, which integrates game design elements such as rewards, badges, and leaderboards into non-game environments, has gained popularity as a tool for enhancing employee performance in workplaces. The research employs a quantitative survey methodology to gather data from employees in technology firms that have implemented gamified systems. The findings reveal that gamification significantly increases employee motivation by tapping into intrinsic motivators such as autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Employees reported higher levels of engagement, with many attributing their increased participation to the fun and competitive nature of gamified tasks. Additionally, productivity improvements were observed, particularly among employees in roles that require individual performance, such as software engineers, where autonomy and goal-setting were key factors. The study also identifies variations in the effectiveness of gamification based on factors such as job role and organizational culture, emphasizing the need for customization to suit different employee needs. Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as employee resistance, poorly designed systems, and resource constraints were noted as barriers to successful gamification implementation. These findings suggest that gamification is an effective strategy for improving motivation and engagement in technology companies but requires thoughtful design and alignment with company culture to maximize its impact. Future research should explore the long-term effects of gamification and examine how specific elements, such as leaderboards and rewards, influence employee behavior across different demographics.

This study explores the policy dynamics surrounding the implementation of the 21st-century skills-based curriculum, focusing on the perceptions and challenges faced by stakeholders at various educational levels. Through semi-structured interviews with teachers, principals, and policymakers, along with policy document analysis, the research identifies a significant gap between national policy design and its practical implementation at the school level. The study reveals that while the national curriculum emphasizes critical competencies such as critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration, there is a disconnect between these objectives and their classroom application. The main challenges include limited resources, cultural resistance, and lack of support from regional governments. The findings emphasize the need for a more flexible, context-sensitive curriculum that can be adapted to local needs. The study also emphasizes the importance of ongoing professional development and strong leadership to facilitate the adoption of innovative teaching methods. To address these challenges, the study calls for a coordinated approach involving national, regional, and school-level authorities to ensure effective curriculum reform. The research contributes valuable insights into the complexities of curriculum implementation and offers recommendations to improve educational policies and practices aimed at equipping students with the necessary skills for the modern world.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of natural materials as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of freshwater fish diseases, with the aim of offering a safer and more sustainable alternative to synthetic chemicals and antibiotics. Using the literature review method, this study analyzed relevant current scientific articles. Results showed that extracts of betel leaf, neem leaf, cinnamon essential oil, basil essential oil, aloe vera, and propolis had significant antimicrobial activity against freshwater fish pathogens such as Flavobacterium columnare and Aeromonas hydrophila. Betel leaf extract and cinnamon essential oil showed inhibition rates of up to 85% and 82%, respectively. The advantages of using natural ingredients include environmental safety, reduced risk of antimicrobial resistance, and immunostimulating effects in fish. However, challenges such as ingredient availability, cost, and standardization still need to be addressed. This study suggests the development of natural ingredient-based products, standardization and quality testing, further research, and training for fish farmers. Collaboration between stakeholders is also important to reduce dependence on antibiotics. In conclusion, natural ingredients have great potential as effective and environmentally friendly antimicrobial agents in freshwater fish health management.