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This research explores the legal protection of domestic doctors in Indonesia in response to the increasing utilization of foreign doctors (FDs) within the framework of knowledge transfer aimed at improving healthcare services. With the enactment of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, the Indonesian government provides space for foreign doctors to practice with simplified licensing procedures, raising legal concerns regarding legal certainty, professional equality, and the rights of patients to clear and honest communication. This study uses normative juridical methods with statutory and conceptual approaches to analyze the legal framework surrounding this issue. The findings show that the implementation of simplified requirements for foreign doctors potentially threatens the professional standing of local doctors and risks violating patient rights. Recommendations include strengthening legal instruments and monitoring mechanisms to ensure that knowledge transfer objectives are met without compromising legal protection and healthcare quality. The legal framework provided by Law No. 17 of 2023 allows foreign doctors to practice with more straightforward licensing processes, but it raises concerns regarding the adequacy of regulatory oversight. Local doctors fear that the simplified procedures for foreign doctors may not guarantee the same level of competency, accountability, and ethical standards. Furthermore, the presence of foreign doctors could lead to a disparity in professional treatment and recognition, undermining the integrity of the medical profession in Indonesia. This study explores how these legal issues intersect with the broader goals of patient protection, ensuring that all medical practitioners, regardless of nationality, adhere to the highest standards of care and ethical conduct. The role of patient rights in this context is critical, as patients must receive clear and honest communication about the qualifications of the doctors treating them, ensuring their right to informed consent is upheld.

The deployment of TNI soldiers has sparked controversy due to concerns over the strengthening of militarism in civilian institutions. This action has raised alarm among various human rights groups and political analysts who argue that it undermines the democratic principles of civilian control over military forces. The Attorney General's Office (AGO), the TNI, and the Chief of Police have publicly addressed the issue, especially the deployment of TNI soldiers to guard the AGO Complex, as well as the High Prosecutors' Offices (Kejati) and District Prosecutors' Offices (Kejari) across Indonesia. The order for this deployment was issued in the TNI Commander’s Telegram Number TR/442/2025 on May 6, 2025. This order is part of a broader effort to increase security at critical state institutions, especially in light of recent security threats. The deployment of soldiers is part of a follow-up to the cooperation agreement between the TNI and the AGO, which was formalized in the Memorandum of Understanding NK/6/IV/2023/TNI dated April 6, 2023. The agreement outlines eight points of cooperation, which include: (1) Education and training for TNI personnel in law enforcement procedures; (2) Exchange of information for law enforcement purposes, ensuring better collaboration between the military and civilian law enforcement agencies; (3) The assignment of TNI soldiers to assist in guarding AGO facilities and other law enforcement offices; and (4) Other security-related assistance, such as providing military expertise to ensure the integrity and safety of AGO operations. While the cooperation between the TNI and AGO is framed as an effort to enhance security and operational efficiency, critics argue that this deployment could lead to the militarization of civilian functions, potentially causing conflicts of interest and compromising the impartiality of the judicial system.

Hypertension is a chronic clinical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure above normal physiological limits and is a major global health concern due to its strong association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One important contributing factor to hypertension is hypercholesterolemia, or an abnormal increase in total cholesterol levels in the blood. Elevated cholesterol concentrations may accelerate arterial stiffness and increase vascular resistance, thereby worsening blood pressure regulation. This study aimed to describe the relationship between blood pressure status and total cholesterol levels among productive-age individuals diagnosed with hypertension. The study was conducted in July 2023 using a descriptive design. A total of 30 hypertensive respondents within the productive age range were selected through accidental sampling. Data collection involved direct measurement of blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer and assessment of total cholesterol levels through standard clinical procedures. The results showed that the majority of respondents were categorized as having Stage 1 hypertension. With regard to cholesterol profiles, 16 respondents (53%) exhibited normal cholesterol levels, 9 respondents (30%) had borderline high cholesterol levels, and 5 respondents (17%) were classified as having high cholesterol levels. These findings suggest that most hypertensive individuals in the productive age category present with cholesterol levels ranging from normal to borderline high, although a smaller proportion already experience clinically high cholesterol concentrations. The study highlights the importance of regular monitoring of both blood pressure and lipid profiles in productive-age individuals to prevent progression to more severe cardiovascular complications. Lifestyle modification remains a cornerstone in hypertension management, particularly increasing physical activity, adopting a balanced diet low in saturated fats, and maintaining good sleep hygiene. Such preventive strategies can help reduce the dual burden of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, ultimately lowering the risk of long-term cardiovascular disease.

This study aims to analyze the influence of training and work discipline on employee performance in CV. Nina Etik Garment Indonesia. The approach used is a quantitative method by distributing questionnaires to 40 respondents who are permanent employees of the company. The independent variables in this study are training and work discipline, while the dependent variables are employee performance. The results of the study show that training has a positive effect on performance, but this influence is not optimal because there are still obstacles in the form of lack of understanding of the material by some employees. This shows that the effectiveness of training needs to be improved, both in terms of delivery methods, the quality of instructors, and the suitability of materials with work needs. Meanwhile, work discipline has been proven to have a significant influence on improving employee performance. Discipline factors, such as punctuality, compliance with rules, and responsibility for completing tasks, are important aspects that drive productivity. This research also found that undisciplined behavior still often occurs, such as being late or not complying with work procedures, which ultimately has an impact on decreasing the effectiveness of the company's operations. Simultaneously, training and work discipline have a significant effect on employee performance, so these two factors need to receive serious attention from management. The practical implication of this research is the need for companies to improve the quality of training programs, both technical and non-technical, so that employees are able to master skills relevant to their work. In addition, the implementation of a more firm, consistent, and measurable work discipline supervision system is also an important strategy to form a professional work culture.

The custom of sitting on the parent-parents is discussed in this journal by the residents of Ujung Gading Village, a mixed-ethnic community that includes both Mandailing and Minangkabau residents. This duduk induk-induk custom, which is typically referred to as markumpul hepeng (money collection), is a mutually supportive attitude and a custom that is practiced by community organizations to aid the host in paying for the wedding. This publication looks at or investigates ways to comprehend and research Minang culture in Ujung Gading overall. Particularly in the duduk induk-induk procedures, it can also serve as a source of information and research for the advancement of linguistic science in the study of the duduk induk-induk tradition and comprehend it from an Islamic standpoint. Using qualitative data analysis methods, information was gathered via literature reviews, interviews, and documentation. The study's findings demonstrate that the coaching provided by traditional leaders—namely, putir, ninik mamak, and datuk kinayah—took the form of discussion.

Compensation and the work environment are two essential factors that significantly affect employee productivity, particularly in community-owned enterprises (BUMDes) engaged in the tourism sector. A fair remuneration system motivates employees to work optimally, while a supportive physical and psychosocial work environment creates comfort that enhances job performance. This study aims to examine the influence of compensation and work environment on employee productivity in BUMDes Kedungudi, which serves as one of the local driving forces in developing tourism-based community economic empowerment. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method with a total sample of 37 tourism sector employees of BUMDes Kedungudi. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, which were subsequently analyzed using SPSS version 28. The analytical procedures included validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing such as normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity checks, as well as multiple linear regression analysis to determine the effect of independent variables on employee productivity. The results revealed that both compensation and work environment had a positive and significant influence on productivity. Specifically, compensation demonstrated a coefficient value of β = 0.205 with a significance level of p = 0.007, while the work environment showed a stronger effect with β = 0.281 and p = 0.002. Furthermore, the regression model indicated that the combination of these two variables was able to explain 68.0% of the variance in employee productivity (Adjusted R² = 0.680; p < 0.001). This finding highlights the strategic importance of remuneration policies and workplace conditions in enhancing organizational performance within community-owned enterprises.

This study aims to analyze the authority structure between the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP) and Regional Governments in managing coastal areas through marine spatial utilization following the enactment of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law. The main instrument studied is the Confirmation of Conformity of Marine Spatial Utilization Activities (KKPRL), which functions as a licensing instrument and a control mechanism to ensure that marine spatial utilization activities remain directed, integrated, and aligned with the principles of ecological, social, and economic sustainability. The research approach used is a juridical-empirical approach with a qualitative descriptive analysis method. Through this approach, the research not only examines legal norms but also captures the practice of implementing authority in the field. The results show that although the Job Creation Law is oriented towards simplifying business licensing, several problems remain that have implications for the effectiveness of coastal governance. These issues include disharmony between central and regional regulations, overlapping authority between the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (KKPRL) and regional governments, and weak synchronization between national policies and regional instruments such as the Coastal and Small Islands Zoning Plan (RZWP3K). In addition to regulatory constraints, this study also highlights institutional and technical aspects. Limited human resource capacity in the regions, a lack of understanding of KKPRL procedures, and minimal inter-agency coordination hamper the effectiveness of coastal management. These conditions result in slow investment realization, conflicts over spatial use, and potential coastal environmental degradation. Therefore, this study recommends a strategy for harmonizing authority through improving vertical-horizontal coordination, strengthening the institutional capacity of regional governments, and developing derivative regulations consistent with the principles of good governance.

This study aims to analyze the performance of village government officials in providing services to the community in Watutoa Village, Marioriwawo District, Soppeng Regency. Village officials play a crucial role in delivering optimal services to the public. To achieve this, several supporting and hindering factors are needed, including external factors such as limited resources, government policies, and social environment, as well as internal factors like the skills and knowledge of officials, motivation and commitment, and the systems and procedures used. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that hinder the performance of village officials in providing services to the community in Watutoa Village, as well as to identify the supporting factors that facilitate the implementation of services. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a community study design. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The research participants included the officials of Watutoa Village (the head of the village and the head of sections) and the community members who had received services from the village officials. The results of the study indicate that, overall, the performance of village officials is quite good. However, there are several areas that need attention, such as limited resources, where digital services have not yet been optimized. Although government policies regarding attendance, working hours, sanctions, and training have been effective, there are still areas that need improvement. Infrastructure is sufficiently adequate to support the smooth delivery of services, but the technical skills and utilization of technology by village officials need to be enhanced. Furthermore, the motivation and commitment of the officials in delivering services should be strengthened. The existing service systems and procedures are not fully efficient, so continuous evaluation and improvement are necessary to enhance the quality of services in the future.

This study discusses the implementation of consumer law in the context of gold investment through PT X's digital application and the consumer protection guarantee mechanisms presented in the system. The research method used is normative juridical, namely a method that emphasizes the study of applicable positive legal norms, legal doctrine, and the application of relevant legal principles. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of consumer law in digital-based gold investment has been carried out in accordance with contractual principles as stipulated in civil law and in line with the provisions of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. In practice, gold investment transactions through the X application are carried out with a mixed agreement containing elements of sale and purchase, deposit, and pawn. This is an important basis because the legal relationship between consumers and companies is not only a single transaction, but a combination that requires guaranteed protection of consumer rights. The legal basis for this mechanism is reflected in the X Digital Application Operational Guidelines Number 28 of 2024, which detailed administrative procedures, application usage requirements, and the implementation of consumer protection principles as stipulated in Articles 4, 7, 18, and 45 of the Consumer Protection Law. Thus, the implemented system not only emphasizes commercial aspects but also ensures a balance between the rights and obligations of consumers and businesses. This study highlights how digital transformation in financial services requires a robust legal framework to protect consumers from potential risks. Therefore, internal company regulations and guidelines play a strategic role in ensuring fairness and providing a sense of security for people investing in gold through digital applications.  

This study aims to determine the implementation and evaluation results of the marketing strategy for bakery and pastry products sold in the lobby lounge of Hotel Fairfield By Marriott Surabaya. This study used a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to obtain a more comprehensive picture. Data collection techniques were conducted through direct observation at the research location and interviews with relevant parties. Furthermore, data analysis was also strengthened by distributing a Likert-based questionnaire to three main respondents: the F&B Manager, the Daily Worker Pastry, and the Marketing Team. This mixed-method approach allowed the researcher to capture both numerical evaluation and in-depth qualitative insights. The results showed that the product strategy has been running quite well, especially in terms of quality and implemented work procedures. However, there are still weaknesses in the innovation aspect, as the products do not yet have distinctive characteristics that can serve as a key differentiator from competitors. In other words, the bakery and pastry products still lack a unique selling point that could strengthen brand identity. In terms of pricing strategy, the hotel uses a premium pricing system, which is considered appropriate for the image of a four-star hotel. However, this approach is still not flexible enough to optimally reach consumers outside the hotel. The promotional strategy is considered to have been implemented quite well, especially through bundling packages and the use of social media. However, existing promotions have not been implemented consistently and tend to be unstructured. Consistent promotion is essential to maintaining customer engagement and building long-term brand awareness. Meanwhile, the location strategy is considered quite effective because products are displayed in areas easily accessible to hotel guests. However, opportunities through digital distribution channels, such as online bookings, have not been maximized. Expanding digital distribution channels could significantly increase market reach and sales performance.

This study aims to analyze workload in improving employee performance at PT XYZ Indonesia in Tangerang City. Two core informants and five key informants met the sample criteria. The method used was a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation of company management, NVivo, triangulation, and SWOT analysis. The results of this study indicate that PT XYZ Indonesia's workload is managed flexibly through setting targets based on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) tailored to the capabilities of each employee. The work environment, both physical and non-physical, significantly influences work effectiveness and comfort. Some employees experience fatigue, especially when the workload increases, but the company provides compensation such as workload adjustments and work from home. The main obstacles in achieving targets are mostly caused by external factors such as client demands, the amount of work piling up, and limited work equipment. All employees follow clear Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and evaluations are conducted periodically to ensure the quality and quantity of performance are maintained. This research is expected to serve as a reference for companies in managing workloads and increasing employee productivity in the digital age.

Within the decentralization framework, the government sets the Regency/City Minimum Wage (UMK) as the wage standard. However, in 2021, the Governor of the Riau Islands Province established a UMK that did not comply with Ministry of Manpower regulations. This decision adversely affected workers, particularly members of labor unions, as well as the entire workforce in Batam City. The research addresses two key issues: first, the legal consequences of a regional head’s policy in determining the minimum wage; second, the form of legal protection for workers against a UMK that contradicts ministerial regulations. The study applies a normative juridical method. Findings indicate, under Article 82 of the Industrial Relations Dispute Settlement Act (UU PPHI), that a state administrative decision violating statutory provisions may be: (1) declared null (nietig/absolute nietig), (2) null and void by law (nietigheid van rechtswege), or (3) annulled (verniegbaar). The Tanjungpinang Administrative Court Decision No. 1/G/2021/PTUN.TPI declared that Governor’s Decree No. 1362 of 2020 on Batam UMK contained substantial defects and was annulled. Legal protection for workers is provided through dispute settlement procedures at the Administrative Court and/or administrative remedies as stipulated by applicable regulations.

Bulian coconut chips are a typical Jambi food made from dried and fried old coconuts. The traditional production method and inadequate hygiene standards make this product susceptible to microbial contamination, especially harmful bacteria. This study aims to identify the types of bacteria that may be present in Bulian coconut chips using culture and Gram staining methods as the initial step for morphological identification. Samples were taken from three local producers in Bulian District, Batanghari Regency, Jambi. Testing was carried out by serial dilutions up to 10⁻⁴, then planted on Nutrient Agar (NA) media and incubated for 24 hours at 37°C. The colonies that grew were then observed morphologically and Gram staining was performed using a modified method without alcohol. The results showed the presence of various colonies with cream, white, and pale yellow colors. Based on the results of Gram staining, bacilli and cocci were found, which were included in the Gram-positive and Gram-negative categories. The types of bacteria suspected to appear include Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus sp., and possibly Escherichia coli. These findings indicate a risk of microbial contamination that could endanger consumer health, especially if the production process is not improved. Strict hygiene and sanitation principles are strongly recommended in the processing of this traditional food to ensure the product remains safe for consumption. The importance of implementing hygienic standards in the production of Bulian coconut chips is further emphasized by these findings. In addition to improving food safety, implementing proper sanitation procedures can also extend the product's shelf life and increase consumer confidence in local traditional foods. Efforts such as training local producers, using clean equipment, and hygienic packaging can help minimize the risk of bacterial contamination.

This study examined the relationship between digital transformation factors (innovation culture, digital leadership, and digital transformation of human resources) and organizational resilience in Indonesian higher education institutions. The research method employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach using SmartPLS 4, involving validation of the measurement and structural models through bootstrapping procedures. The findings indicated that all seven hypotheses for direct effects were accepted with statistical significance (p < 0.05), with innovation culture having the strongest influence on organizational adaptive capability (β = 0.356). Mediation analysis confirmed the significant role of organizational adaptive capability as a partial mediator in the transmission of digital transformation's effects on organizational resilience, with indirect effects ranging from 0.079 to 0.108. This study's theoretical contribution enriches the digital transformation literature by validating the dual pathway mechanism and introducing organizational adaptation theory in the context of higher education. Practically, the findings provide a strategic roadmap for higher education institutions to implement a holistic digital transformation strategy by strengthening innovation culture, digital leadership, and human resource digitalization as a foundation for building sustainable organizational resilience.

In the ever-evolving e-commerce era, the Nibras Online Warehouse plays a crucial role in supporting the distribution of Muslim clothing products throughout Indonesia. This strategic role demands an accurate and efficient inventory management system to ensure smooth and timely order fulfillment. One of the main challenges faced is the discrepancy between inventory data recorded on the website and the actual physical stock available in the warehouse. This discrepancy not only impacts delivery delays but also has the potential to reduce customer satisfaction and the company's overall image. This study aims to analyze the root causes of the inventory management system and develop practical solutions to ensure data consistency between the digital system and real-world conditions. The methods used include literature review, direct field observations, in-depth interviews with warehouse staff, and documentation of daily operational processes. Through an analytical approach using the 5 Whys method and a fishbone diagram, it was found that factors such as delays in data input, lack of synchronization between the operational and IT divisions, and an undocumented goods receipt process were the main causes of inventory data discrepancies. To address this, it is recommended to implement a real-time technology-based inventory management system integrated with the online sales system. Additionally, training warehouse employees on new standard operating procedures (SOPs) and regular stock audits are crucial steps to create transparency and efficiency. These steps are expected to improve data accuracy, accelerate decision-making, and support sustainable business growth. Regular evaluations are also necessary to ensure the implemented system remains relevant and adaptable to the dynamics of warehouse operations.

This research employs a qualitative library research method to examine the crucial role of investment in the renewable energy sector in sustaining national economic development in the globalization era. In the current global context, the transition toward environmentally friendly energy sources is not only a necessity but also a strategic priority for many countries, including Indonesia. Conventional reliance on fossil fuels, which are increasingly limited and harmful to the environment, has pushed policymakers and stakeholders to seek sustainable alternatives. Renewable energy sources—such as solar, wind, hydro, and bioenergy—are widely recognized as long-term solutions to reduce environmental degradation and carbon emissions. Investment in the renewable energy sector does not merely contribute to environmental preservation but also carries significant socioeconomic benefits. It has the potential to generate new employment opportunities, encourage technological innovation, and strengthen national energy security. These impacts create a multiplier effect on the economy, thereby supporting inclusive growth and sustainable development. Furthermore, renewable energy investment can enhance national competitiveness and resilience in facing global energy transitions, as well as align with international commitments to climate change mitigation. This study, through a comprehensive review of scholarly journals, reports, and other credible sources, finds that the renewable energy sector is instrumental in realizing a sustainable and globally adaptive economic structure. Nevertheless, the success of this transition depends heavily on government efforts to optimize policies and regulatory frameworks that are supportive, transparent, and attractive to both domestic and international investors. Therefore, it is imperative for the government to strengthen investment incentives, streamline bureaucratic procedures, and promote public-private partnerships. The findings highlight that renewable energy investment is not only an environmental necessity but also a key driver of long-term national economic sustainability.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the SAP accounting information system in supporting the implementation of the Independent Learning–Independent Campus (MBKM) Internship Program at PT Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk, Gedangan Unit. SAP, as an integrated Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, was adopted to replace the previous desktop-based system, which had significant limitations, such as restricted local access, dependence on additional licenses, and lower integration capabilities across departments. The main objective of this research is to determine how SAP contributes to improving organizational efficiency while simultaneously providing practical learning opportunities for students participating in the MBKM internship program. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through direct observation of company operations, semi-structured interviews with student interns and field supervisors, and analysis of company documentation. The findings indicate that the use of SAP has enhanced efficiency, accuracy, and speed in recording and reporting financial transactions. Through their internship, students engaged directly in business processes, particularly in handling purchase requisitions, reimbursement procedures, and asset management activities. This exposure enabled students to develop a deeper understanding of integrated financial systems and the workflow of a large-scale agribusiness corporation. Although several technical challenges were encountered, particularly in the form of temporary network disruptions, such issues did not substantially hinder the system’s overall performance. The availability of prompt technical support from the company’s IT team minimized potential negative impacts and ensured system continuity. Beyond improving corporate financial governance, SAP also offered valuable experiential learning for interns, bridging theoretical knowledge acquired in academic settings with real-world industrial applications. Overall, the study concludes that SAP functions not only as a strategic enterprise tool for the company but also as an effective educational medium that supports the success of the MBKM internship program.

The effectiveness of reporting within the reporting information system at Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) is crucial for supporting data‑driven decision‑making, health‑program planning, and performance monitoring. Accurate and timely reporting enables healthcare administrators to analyze trends, allocate resources efficiently, and improve patient outcomes through evidence‑based interventions. This article analyzes the factors influencing reporting effectiveness at Puskesmas in Serang Regency, including technological, human‑resource, and organizational factors. The study employs a literature‑review and case‑analysis approach, highlighting challenges and offering recommendations to improve reporting effectiveness. The results indicate that limitations in infrastructure, staff competency, digital literacy, as well as management support and policy, are key factors that must be addressed to optimize the reporting system in Serang Regency’s Puskesmas. Technological barriers—such as inadequate hardware, software, and internet connectivity—often hinder the seamless collection and transmission of health data. Human‑resource challenges, including insufficient training and low digital literacy among staff, can lead to data‑entry errors and delays. Organizational factors—such as clear policies, standard operating procedures, and a supportive management culture—are also essential for sustaining high‑quality reporting practices. Furthermore, the integration of health informatics and continuous quality‑improvement initiatives can enhance the reliability and usability of reported data, ultimately supporting better health outcomes at the community level. The study concludes that a holistic approach—encompassing technological upgrades, ongoing staff development, and strong organizational leadership—is necessary to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability of reporting systems in primary‑healthcare settings.

This study focuses on the development of an intelligent enemy behavior system in the 2D maze game Dungeon Escape by combining the A* algorithm for pathfinding and a Behavior Tree (BT) structure for decision-making. The main objective is to enhance Non-Playable Character (NPC) intelligence, enabling more adaptive and realistic interactions with players. The A* algorithm is implemented to allow NPCs to pursue players through the shortest and most efficient paths while avoiding obstacles on a grid-based map. Meanwhile, the Behavior Tree framework is designed to manage NPC actions based on dynamic conditions, such as attacking when in close proximity, chasing players within a certain detection radius, and retreating to the original guard position when the player leaves the active zone. The research methodology involves a comprehensive literature review, system design, and implementation using the Unity game engine. Testing procedures consist of both white-box and black-box approaches to evaluate the correctness, functionality, and efficiency of the system. The results indicate that all major game features—including player navigation, combat mechanics, key collection, enemy pathfinding, and user interface interactions—operate smoothly as expected. Furthermore, NPCs exhibit adaptive behavior by dynamically switching between patrolling, chasing, and attacking modes depending on the player’s location and proximity. Performance testing shows that the integrated A* and BT system runs efficiently without significant delays or instability, even in higher-level stages with more complex layouts. The final game prototype includes seven progressively challenging levels, offering players an engaging and dynamic gameplay experience. This study demonstrates that the combination of pathfinding and decision-making algorithms provides an effective solution for designing intelligent NPCs, improving both realism and entertainment value in 2D games. The findings are expected to serve as a useful reference for future research and development in AI-based game design, particularly in the context of Unity game projects.

This study examines legal deviations in the implementation of the Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) mechanism, specifically regarding the approval of a peace settlement submitted for the second time after the debtor is declared bankrupt. The study highlights the Supreme Court Decision No. 648K/Pdt.Sus-Pailit/2021, which ratified the second peace settlement in the case of PT Prospek Duta Sukses. This decision is deemed contradictory to the principle of a single peace settlement, as stipulated in Articles 289 and 292 of Law No. 37 of 2004 on Bankruptcy and PKPU, and further reinforced by Supreme Court Circular Letter (SEMA) No. 5 of 2021, which states that a peace settlement in bankruptcy can only be conducted once. Using a normative juridical method, this research analyzes the legal reasoning used by the panel of judges in approving the second peace settlement and evaluates its impact on legal certainty and protection for creditors, who are the affected parties in the bankruptcy process. The approval of a second peace settlement after the debtor is declared bankrupt creates legal uncertainty, as the existing provisions do not provide for more than one peace settlement. Additionally, this decision potentially harms creditors by prolonging the settlement of debts, which should have been clear, thus allowing room for misuse of legal procedures. The findings of the study show that the approval of this second peace settlement not only contradicts the fundamental principles of law but also risks harming creditors, who should be protected by the bankruptcy system to ensure their rights are fairly met. Therefore, this research suggests that consistent application of the law, in line with existing provisions, is necessary to uphold the principles of justice, legal certainty, and the credibility of the national bankruptcy system. Furthermore, reforms in regulations or law enforcement are needed to ensure that legal practices operate in accordance with principles that are fair and transparent.