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This study reveals a significant correlation between the phenomenon of underwater rivers discussed in modern oceanographic studies and the scientific signs contained in Surah Al-Furqan verse 53. This verse not only illustrates the difference between two types of water, but also represents physical phenomena that can be explained scientifically, such as the existence of halocline layers and hydrogen sulfide compounds that appear in the transition area between fresh water and sea water. Both classical and contemporary interpretations show that the Qur'an implicitly conveys instructions regarding natural realities that can only be understood through a contemporary scientific approach. The scientific interpretation approach opens up integrative opportunities between divine revelation and empirical knowledge, which not only strengthens the dimension of faith but also stimulates rational, scientific, and spiritual thinking in exploring the meaning of the kauniyah verses. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in understanding the Qur'an in a way that is relevant to the dynamics of science and the challenges of the times.  

The corruption that occurred at PT Pertamina reflects the weak integrity of public officials and the inadequacy of internal oversight systems. The positive legal approach has proven ineffective in addressing corruption in practice. Therefore, this study departs from the need for an alternative approach based on Islamic political values such as trustworthiness (amanah), justice, and supervision in addressing corruption within state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were collected from academic journals, official reports by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK), as well as credible media sources. The data were analyzed by categorizing them according to the principles of trustworthiness, justice, and supervision, and then interpreted through the framework of Islamic political thought to deeply understand the root causes of corruption. Corruption in PT Pertamina involves power protection, budget manipulation, and procurement fraud. Violations of trust, injustice in resource distribution, and weak supervision indicate the absence of Islamic principles in corporate governance. Ethical and spiritual values have not yet been internalized within the bureaucratic system and organizational culture of SOEs. This study concludes that corruption in PT Pertamina is a result of the loss of trust, the breakdown of justice, and weak oversight. An Islamic political approach that emphasizes ethics and spiritual responsibility is highly relevant to be applied. These values can help form a just and transparent governance system and rebuild public trust in SOEs.

Humanitarian intervention is often seen as an effort to protect civilians from human rights violations, but it often clashes with the principle of state sovereignty in international law. This research evaluates the alignment of humanitarian intervention with the values of Pancasila as an ethical and moral footing in international policy. The research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach; data is obtained from a literature study that includes academic documents, journals, reference books, and diplomatic reports, then analyzed descriptively-analytically to reveal the views of Pancasila in the practice of international law. The results show that although intervention has noble aims, its implementation often collides with the principle of non-intervention and the principle of state sovereignty. The values of Pancasila, especially fair and civilized humanity and social justice, can be used as a moral foundation to assess the legitimacy of intervention, but its application in international norms is still constrained by political interests and power imbalances between states. The conclusion of this study is that Pancasila offers a potential ethical framework for more just humanitarian interventions, but diplomacy and policy advocacy efforts are needed to strengthen the position of developing countries in formulating international norms that respect sovereignty while protecting human rights.

Shopee, a Singapore-based e-commerce company, has shown an aggressive and well-planned expansion strategy across Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia. Its growth has not only transformed the way people engage in digital transactions but has also introduced new challenges regarding economic security and national digital sovereignty. Shopee’s dominance in the local market reflects regulatory gaps in protecting domestic businesses, as well as the limited government oversight of foreign digital platforms. This paper explores Shopee’s expansion strategy, targeted market segments, and the Indonesian government’s policy responses. Using the international political economy approach and the lens of non-traditional security, this research aims to examine how the presence of foreign platforms like Shopee can influence domestic regulations and generate strategic challenges for national sectors.  

Usury in buying and selling is a practice that is forbidden in Islam because it contradicts the principles of justice and balance in economic transactions. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method to explore the normative and theological understanding of usury based on the Qur'an, hadith, and the views of scholars. Islam forbids all forms of usury, both in debt and buying and selling, including usury of qardh, jahiliyyah, fadhl, yad, and nasi'ah. This prohibition aims to prevent exploitation and create a fair economic system. Although some scholars still debate the status of bank interest, the majority state that the practice is usury. This study emphasizes the importance of staying away from usury and encourages the use of sharia-compliant transaction systems such as murabahah and mudharabah.

This study examines the market mechanism from the perspective of Islamic economics as a response to conventional economic systems that tend to emphasize either free-market principles or full government intervention. In Islam, the market mechanism is governed by principles of justice, transparency, and balance among the interests of individuals, the state, and society. This research highlights the thoughts of classical Islamic scholars such as Abu Yusuf, Ibn Taymiyyah, Al-Ghazali, and Ibn Khaldun, who had already elaborated on the concepts of markets, pricing, supply and demand, and ethical conduct in transactions long before Western economists developed similar ideas. Using a qualitative approach and literature review, this article analyzes various market distortions such as ihtikar (hoarding), tadlis (fraud), riba (usury), and gharar (uncertainty), as well as the role of government in limited intervention to maintain balance and fairness. The findings show that the Islamic market mechanism is not solely focused on economic efficiency, but is also deeply rooted in moral and spiritual values.

The phenomenon of increasing potential for social conflict in the regions, including in Gorontalo Province, demands the presence of security forces that are able to act quickly, professionally, and in accordance with legal corridors. The Brimob unit as part of the National Police has a vital role in implementing riot control policies to maintain national stability and security. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of Brimob Gorontalo's role in implementing the policy, in terms of legal aspects, especially in accordance with the principles of human rights and applicable laws and regulations. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with literature and documentation study methods. The results of the analysis show that although the policy has been implemented in accordance with protap and regulations, the effectiveness of its implementation still faces challenges such as limited human resources, understanding of human rights, and social resistance. Therefore, it is recommended that Brimob Gorontalo strengthen human rights-based training, increase transparency of actions, and strengthen synergies with communities and local policy makers to create sustainable and equitable security.

Abortion is a contentious legal and moral issue, as it involves two equally important rights: the right to life of the fetus and a woman's right to bodily autonomy and reproductive health. Under Indonesian criminal law, abortion is generally classified as a criminal offense, as stipulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). However, exceptions are recognized under specific conditions such as medical emergencies and pregnancies resulting from rape, in accordance with Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health. This study aims to examine the legal boundaries between prohibited and permitted abortions and to analyze the challenges of implementing these provisions in practice. The findings indicate that despite the existence of legal exceptions, implementation remains difficult due to complex procedures, limited facilities, and inadequate understanding among law enforcement and health workers. Therefore, clear technical regulations and cross-sectoral education are essential to ensure fair legal protection for both women and medical professionals.

This paper examines human actions within social media interactions, with a particular emphasis on the phenomenon of cyberbullying from the perspective of ethical philosophy. The focus of this study is not on the entire scope of ethics in human life, but specifically on evaluating whether cyberbullying can be categorized as morally good or bad according to ethical principles. In everyday life, such actions are often carried out unconsciously by the perpetrators, and many even deny having committed them, due to a lack of understanding about the various forms of cyberbullying. This study employs a qualitative method in the form of a literature review, analyzing various scholarly works and previous studies to explore how ethical philosophy can serve as a framework for assessing the moral value of human behavior in digital spaces. Through this approach, the paper aims to provide a deeper ethical understanding of cyberbullying and to foster critical awareness within society in evaluating and reflecting upon online behavior in contemporary social life.

The criminal act of pedophilia or sexual violence against children still frequently occurs in Indonesia. Although the penalties for perpetrators and clauses regarding child protection have been regulated by national law, this has not stopped the emergence of pedophiles committing crimes. One of the contributing factors is that pedophiles are often individuals close to the victim's environment. This article is prepared to examine the role of law in Indonesia in providing protection to children who become victims of pedophilia cases. Additionally, this article aims to explore how to impose a deterrent effect on pedophiles based on state policies. The research method used in this article is normative legal research, which focuses on the legislation and legal norms in force. Data collection techniques are conducted through literature studies from various legal sources. Laws regarding penalties for perpetrators of violence against children or pedophilia have been structured in such a way as to address these issues. The government has also formulated regulations concerning legal protection for children, especially for those below the legal age of marriage, as an effort to protect them from pedophilic criminal acts. It is hoped that the government, parents, and the immediate environment of children can implement these policies to create a safe environment free from cases of sexual violence against children.

 The main objective of this study is to analyze the perspective of generation z on the implementation of maano culture in the unity of the Piru customary law community. Generation Z is a generation that interacts with technological advances. As a digital generation, technological advances should lead them to be more familiar with local cultures such as maano culture, as a local culture, generation Z must really have knowledge and constructive views on maano culture by grounding this culture to be known to the public as a local culture of the Piru customary law community in particular and the Maluku customary community in general. This qualitative research was conducted using the side snowball technique on generation Z of the Piru customary law community through interview and documentation techniques. then analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The target achievement of this study resulted in. The existence of Maano culture that for generation z of the Piru customary law community states that for some generations they know maano culture through the process of cultural inheritance and for some new generations they know through formal education. Therefore, maano culture is rarely found in Piru society. The existence that has been increasingly lost is caused by several things, namely the absence of a cultural inheritance process, the emergence of an individualistic attitude. In fact, maano culture can foster a sense of togetherness, mutual help and cooperation The efforts to preserve Maano culture that Maano culture should be introduced from generation to generation so that this culture continues to be known and developed by the next generation. Generation Z provides some hope that Maano culture should be introduced more deeply to other Generation Z, and as a digital generation, Maano culture is introduced through social media so as to spur a sense of love for local culture.  

Muhasabah is the correction of mistakes, weaknesses, actions, attitudes and similar reviews of oneself. The meaning of self-reflection is a way to cleanse oneself of the mistakes one has made. Apart from that, the way to reflect on yourself is to pray repentance, using the same procedures as prayers in general, you can also pray diligently and make meditation. Muhasabah needs to be made a human need, because it provides many benefits in life in this world and in the afterlife. Muhasabah needs to be done to assess and re-examine what we have done, then improve ourselves. Basically, the meaning of self-muhasabah in Islam is as simple as self-introspection. A process of evaluating yourself for something better.

A discussion on Islamic morality and ethics is the purpose of this paper. We see many modern generations paying little attention to how to apply morality in their daily lives. Morals and ethics are human behaviours in daily life that have been instilled. Morals come from the Qur'an and the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad and include what is good, bad, right, and wrong in one's actions. Meanwhile, ethics come from the culture and customs of the local community. In this paper, the author discusses the meaning of morals and ethics, human relationships with God, humans, and nature. Protest is a legitimate form of expression in a democratic society. In Islam, protest is also recognised as the right of everyone to voice injustice and bias. However, protests must also be carried out with ethics that are in accordance with Islamic teachings. The ethics of protest can be explained in the hadith, namely: Protests must be carried out peacefully and not violate the law. This is in accordance with the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, "Whoever sees an evil should change it with his hand. If he is unable, then with his tongue. If he is unable, then with his heart. And that is the weakest faith." (HR Muslim). In this Hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) teaches that protests should be done in stages, starting with the lightest action, namely giving a direct response. If you are unable to do so, then you can protest verbally, for example by expressing your opinion or criticism through the media. If that is no longer possible, then protest can be done in the heart, i.e. still rejecting evil, but not taking actions that can lead to violence or riots. Protest must be based on truth and justice. This is in accordance with the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (saw), "Indeed, Allah is true and loves truth." (Narrated by Bukhari) In this hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (saw) affirms that protest must be based on truth and justice. This means that protest must be done because of real injustice, not because of personal or group interests.

In this article, we discuss protection the rights of citizens in democratic countries from a constitutional point of view and human rights (HAM). The constitution, as the highest legal document of a country, contains the basic principles governing the relationship between the state and its citizens, including in terms of human rights protection. By analyzing the framework of Indonesian law, including the Constitution that was adopted in 1945 and various international human rights instruments. The constitution of Indonesia, especially in Article 28A-28J. However, the implementation of these rights still faces various complex challenges, including regulatory inconsistencies, social inequalities, as well as other political, economic and social factors. It is hoped that this article can make a positive contribution to strengthening the human rights protection system in Indonesia, so that the rights of citizens can be guaranteed and protected properly. Normative juridical research method applied in this article includes analysis of legal rules related to human rights protection, including constitutional laws, government regulations, a court decision. With the application of this research method, this article is expected to make a significant contribution to strengthening the human rights protection system in Indonesia, so that the rights of citizens are guaranteed and protected effectively.

Public finance is a key element in state governance, especially in the collection and allocation of funds for public services and government. In the Islamic tradition, the concept of public finance has developed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW with sharia principles such as justice, transparency, and accountability to achieve prosperity (falah) in the world and the hereafter. In the modern era, Islamic public finance faces new challenges and opportunities, especially through digitalization and economic globalization. Technologies such as blockchain and big data open up opportunities to increase the effectiveness and openness of Islamic public financial management. Innovations in sharia financial instruments such as zakat, waqf, and sukuk further strengthen the contribution of Islamic public finance to social and economic development. However, challenges such as low public understanding of sharia finance, gaps in access to technology, and the need for supporting regulations and infrastructure are still obstacles. Issues of fiscal sustainability, debt management, and the development of adaptive sharia instruments are also important concerns in the dynamics of the global economy.

This study aims to understand the impact of inflation on the purchasing power of communities in Lampung Province throughout 2024 from a macroeconomic perspective using a qualitative approach. The persistent fluctuations in inflation over the year have triggered various responses and adaptation strategies among the public, particularly within economically vulnerable groups. Through in-depth interviews with various informants—such as small business owners, housewives, and informal sector workers—this study finds that inflation has influenced consumption patterns, spending priorities, and how people manage their daily income. A noticeable decline in purchasing power is observed in essential needs and healthcare services. Common coping strategies include switching to alternative products, taking on debt, or reducing overall consumption. The findings suggest that inflation has not only economic implications but also social consequences, highlighting the importance of social protection policies and price stabilization efforts to maintain household economic resiliencej.

The Arctic region has abundant natural resource potential, which has encouraged Arctic coastal countries to explore and exploit existing resources. However, the presence of climate change has changed territorial boundaries including the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and opened up effective routes in the Arctic. Therefore, this study discusses climate change on the exploitation of resources outside the Exclusive Economic Zone by each country in the Arctic region and the impact of such exploitation on the maritime security of the Arctic sea. The approach used is qualitative-descriptive with a literature study method. The data used are secondary data obtained from books, journal articles, and relevant and trusted websites. The theories used in this study are climate change/climate change and maritime security/maritime security. The results of this study indicate that there is an influence of climate change on the opening of access and rising sea levels in the Arctic which results in uncertain territorial sea boundaries. Thus encouraging exploitation in the Arctic region which has implications for maritime security.

This article discusses the existence of science from the perspective of philosophy, culture, and religion in the global and digital era. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this article examines how the integration of science, cultural values, and religious principles can strengthen human civilization amidst the challenges of globalization and digitalization. In the process, this study highlights the importance of philosophical foundations in the development of science, the contribution of culture in providing local context to the application of science, and the role of religion in providing a moral and ethical framework. The results of the study show that collaboration between these three aspects can create a civilized, tolerant, and adaptive society to changes in the times. Thus, this integration becomes an important foundation for the development of sustainable and meaningful human civilization in the modern era.

The leakage of consumers' personal data by irresponsible corporations has become a serious issue in the digital era, particularly in the context of data protection in Indonesia. This paper analyzes corporate criminal liability for such data breaches from the perspective of Indonesian cybercriminal law. The study adopts a normative legal approach through literature review of relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The findings indicate that corporations may be held criminally liable if proven negligent or if they fail to fulfill their data protection obligations under the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (ITE Law). Although a legal framework already exists, proving the elements of fault and direct involvement of corporate executives remains a significant challenge. Therefore, there is an urgent need for strengthened technical regulations and stricter law enforcement to ensure the protection of consumer rights in the digital sphere.

The purpose of this study is to analyze fish processing innovations in the context of blue economy in various regions of Indonesia. The method used in this study is an article review research method with a qualitative descriptive approach using 5 relevant scientific article sources from accredited journals. The research analysis method uses qualitative descriptive analysis. The results show that fish processing innovations through modern technologies such as freeze drying, controlled fermentation, and bioactive-based processing have provided significant economic added value. Various regions in Indonesia have developed innovative products such as high-protein fish flour, export-quality surimi, and functional fermented fish products that support blue economy principles through sustainable utilization of marine resources.