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The policy of postpaid data quota elimination by telecommunication companies in Indonesia has raised legal issues in the context of consumer protection. This practice is often implemented without transparency or explicit consent from consumers, despite the fact that the data quotas have been fully paid. This study aims to analyze the compatibility of the quota elimination policy with the principles of contractual fairness and consumer protection under Indonesian positive law. The research uses a normative juridical method, focusing on statutory regulations, legal doctrines, and comparative practices from other jurisdictions. The findings reveal that standard clauses regulating data quota forfeiture without a rollover or compensation mechanism contradict Article 18 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and violate the principles of good faith, balance, and transparency in contracts. Therefore, such policies are inconsistent with the doctrine of fair contracts and the legal responsibilities of business actors as mandated in the Indonesian consumer protection legal system. This study recommends the establishment of technical regulations by BRTI and the Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo) to ensure fair and sustainable protection of consumer rights over paid data services.  

The significant increase in the elderly population in Indonesia, along with the rise in global life expectancy, presents new challenges for their well-being, both physically, emotionally, and socially. One of the main challenges faced is the sense of lost meaning in life, which is exacerbated by physical limitations, the loss of a spouse, and social isolation. This study aims to explore the role of spirituality in empowering the elderly to find meaning in life through a pastoral approach. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research identifies the challenges faced by the elderly and analyzes how spirituality and pastoral approaches can enhance their lives. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, and were subsequently analyzed using thematic methods. The results show that spirituality provides the elderly with strength to face life’s challenges, such as prayer, worship, and involvement in faith communities. Effective pastoral approaches include emotional counseling, Bible teaching, and engaging the elderly in spiritual community activities. This approach helps the elderly discover new hope and purpose in life, allowing them to live their later years more meaningfully. This study contributes to the development of pastoral care for the elderly and strengthens the role of spirituality in supporting their well-being.

This study aims to analyze religious moderation from the perspective of Pope Francis' synodality. The researcher will use Pope Francis' framework on synodality to explore the paradigm of religious moderation in Indonesia and reveal its relevance to the socio-religious dimension of Indonesian society. Through the idea of ​​synodality, Pope Francis offers a more inclusive way of living the faith. Researchers will utilize qualitative methods with a descriptive-analytical approach. Research on this theme will be carried out first by dissecting the conceptual study of religious moderation and explaining the essence of synodality then offering a conception of religion inclusively as a path towards religious moderation. From this study, researchers found that religious moderation can be applied in society if religious people also participate actively in developing creative, innovative, and transformative new ways. In this context, every religion needs to be given the opportunity to reveal its characteristics in diversity.

The significant increase in the elderly population in Indonesia, along with the rise in global life expectancy, presents new challenges for their well-being, both physically, emotionally, and socially. One of the main challenges faced is the sense of lost meaning in life, which is exacerbated by physical limitations, the loss of a spouse, and social isolation. This study aims to explore the role of spirituality in empowering the elderly to find meaning in life through a pastoral approach. Using a qualitative case study approach, this research identifies the challenges faced by the elderly and analyzes how spirituality and pastoral approaches can enhance their lives. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis, and were subsequently analyzed using thematic methods. The results show that spirituality provides the elderly with strength to face life’s challenges, such as prayer, worship, and involvement in faith communities. Effective pastoral approaches include emotional counseling, Bible teaching, and engaging the elderly in spiritual community activities. This approach helps the elderly discover new hope and purpose in life, allowing them to live their later years more meaningfully. This study contributes to the development of pastoral care for the elderly and strengthens the role of spirituality in supporting their well-being.

This study aims to analyze religious moderation from the perspective of Pope Francis' synodality. The researcher will use Pope Francis' framework on synodality to explore the paradigm of religious moderation in Indonesia and reveal its relevance to the socio-religious dimension of Indonesian society. Through the idea of ​​synodality, Pope Francis offers a more inclusive way of living the faith. Researchers will utilize qualitative methods with a descriptive-analytical approach. Research on this theme will be carried out first by dissecting the conceptual study of religious moderation and explaining the essence of synodality then offering a conception of religion inclusively as a path towards religious moderation. From this study, researchers found that religious moderation can be applied in society if religious people also participate actively in developing creative, innovative, and transformative new ways. In this context, every religion needs to be given the opportunity to reveal its characteristics in diversity.

This study examines the application of Article 362 jo Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP) in the Kupang District Court Decision Number 170/Pid.B/2023 against the defendant Sherly Oktaviana Nggeon, who was proven to have committed the crime of repeatedly stealing gold at her workplace, Toko Mas Sahabat. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the application of criminal law norms to concrete facts revealed at the trial and analyze the judge's considerations both from juridical and non-juridical aspects in imposing a verdict. The method used is a normative juridical approach with secondary data sources obtained through literature studies of laws and regulations, doctrines, and court decisions. The results of the study show that although the panel of judges has formally applied Article 362 jo Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code by qualifying the defendant's actions as a continuing act (voortgezette handeling), this approach is not entirely appropriate substantively. The act of theft was carried out in different periods, against different objects, and accompanied by the forgery of a memorandum of sale of elements that can legally be qualified as a separate criminal offense based on Article 263 of the Criminal Code. However, in the judge's decision, this act of forgery was not explicitly considered either as an additional charge or as a burden of punishment. This raises the issue of justice, considering that the merging of all acts into one criminal act reduces the weight of criminal responsibility that the defendant should receive, and does not fully reflect the overall dimension of the crime committed. From a non-juridical aspect, the judge considered the defendant's background, good faith to return the damages, and the social and economic conditions of the defendant in imposing a two-year prison sentence. However, this consideration is considered disproportionate when compared to the amount of loss, the consistency of the evil act, and the existence of counterfeiting which contributes to aggravating the character of the crime. This study emphasizes the importance of a more comprehensive legal approach in qualifying compound crimes (concursus realis), as well as the need for judges to 

Education serves as a cornerstone in the learning process of students to enhance intelligence, develop skills, and foster moral character in advancing the nation. Islamic Religious Education and Character (Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti) plays a vital role in helping students shape noble character, cultivate responsibility, and behave in accordance with the values of Islamic faith. In this modern era, the teaching of Islamic Religious Education and Character faces various challenges that hinder the learning process. Therefore, teachers have an essential role in guiding, educating, and directing students to develop their cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities to achieve effective learning outcomes. This study aims to: (1) identify the problems faced in the teaching of Islamic Religious Education and Character; (2) explore the efforts or roles of Islamic Religious Education teachers in addressing these problems; and (3) examine the supporting and inhibiting factors that affect the role of teachers in overcoming the challenges of teaching Islamic Religious Education and Character at SMPN 3 Kalikajar. This research employed a qualitative method with a field research approach. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation techniques. The findings of the study indicate that: (1) the problems in the teaching of Islamic Religious Education and Character at SMPN 3 Kalikajar include students’ low ability in reading the Qur'an, moral degradation, limited learning time allocation, and the diversity of students’ religious understandings; (2) the efforts or roles of Islamic Religious Education teachers in overcoming these problems include the use of active, innovative, and creative learning strategies, utilization of technology and digitalization, preparation of systematic teaching modules, implementation of learning evaluations, collaboration with fellow teachers to solve unresolved issues, involvement of parents, and reinforcement of religious values through Madrasah Diniyah programs; (3) the supporting factors include the shared Islamic background among students and the availability of adequate facilities and infrastructure, while the inhibiting factors are generally insignificant and mainly technical or situational in nature.

This journal explores the role of the Church Unity Body in strengthening the unity of Christian faith. The Church, as the body of Christ composed of various members from diverse backgrounds and traditions, is called to unite in one faith, one teaching, and one way of life aligned with the teachings of Christ. This unity is crucial for maintaining harmony within the community of believers and for addressing social and theological challenges in the modern world.The role of the Church Unity Body is evident through Bible teaching based on enduring truth, participation in sacraments such as Holy Communion and Baptism, as well as collaboration among churches in social service and mission. In this context, the church functions not only as a place of worship but also as a community that supports spiritual growth and the well-being of its members. The unity of Christian faith requires mutual respect, forgiveness, and humility among church members. By strengthening this unity, the church can provide a clearer testimony to the world, demonstrating that in Christ, differences can be reconciled in love that transcends all. This article also highlights the importance of the church’s role in building a unity of faith that goes beyond denominational boundaries, within the framework of ecumenism, to realize the wholeness of the body of Christ and bring about transformation in the world.

This study aims to analyze the values ​​of Islamic education contained in the book Pribadi Hebat by Buya Hamka. A qualitative approach is used in this study, with a content analysis method on data in the form of reflective and argumentative narratives that are relevant to the book. The results of the analysis show that this book contains various values ​​of Islamic education which are divided into three categories. First, the values ​​of faith education, in the book Pribadi Hebat by Buya Hamka, several values ​​of faith education are found, namely the teachings of faith as the foundation of the person and piety as the perfection of faith. Second, the values ​​of worship education, the values ​​of worship education in the book Pribadi Hebat are divided into 2, namely mahdah worship and ghairumahdah worship. The values ​​of mahdah worship education in the book Pribadi Hebat are the importance of maintaining cleanliness with ablution and prayer as the main source of personal strength, while the values ​​of ghairumahdah education in the book Pribadi Hebat are teachings about all work that is based on the intention of seeking Allah's pleasure is worship. The three values ​​of moral education, in the book Pribadi Hebat by Buya Hamka, several values ​​of moral education are found, including the importance of morals, empathy, courage, admitting one's shortcomings, self-confidence, reprehensible attitudes, willingness, responsibility, and patience as personal capital that will never run out.

As a multicultural country, Indonesia grows and develops with various cultural structures, ethnicities, religions and races. The diversity that occurs for a long time makes it possible for marriages with different religions to occur. Interfaith marriage in the Catholic Church is not allowed, but there is a dispensation so there are people who do it. As happened at the Sacred Heart of Jesus Simo Church, Boyolali, from the data for 2018-2023, there were 41 marriages and 9 of them were married to different religions (Cult Disparity). This phenomenon occurs due to several things including a lack of appreciation of faith, not enough socializing in the Church, pregnancy outside of marriage, a high sense of tolerance, many public schools in the village, places of worship that are close enough to allow the existence of many followers of other religions. The purpose of this research is to find out the nature of marriage of interfaith marriage couples, the application of children's faith education and the development of parents' faith from interfaith marriages. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with interviews with informants. The results showed that the impact of interfaith marriage on the faith education of children under five is positive because since infancy they have been baptized in accordance with the nature of Catholic marriage. Based on the results of the study, each partner respects and supports the other's beliefs in the midst of differences. In educating children's faith in the golden age period, they can be baptized.    

As a multicultural country, Indonesia grows and develops with various cultural structures, ethnicities, religions and races. The diversity that occurs for a long time makes it possible for marriages with different religions to occur. Interfaith marriage in the Catholic Church is not allowed, but there is a dispensation so there are people who do it. As happened at the Sacred Heart of Jesus Simo Church, Boyolali, from the data for 2018-2023, there were 41 marriages and 9 of them were married to different religions (Cult Disparity). This phenomenon occurs due to several things including a lack of appreciation of faith, not enough socializing in the Church, pregnancy outside of marriage, a high sense of tolerance, many public schools in the village, places of worship that are close enough to allow the existence of many followers of other religions. The purpose of this research is to find out the nature of marriage of interfaith marriage couples, the application of children's faith education and the development of parents' faith from interfaith marriages. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with interviews with informants. The results showed that the impact of interfaith marriage on the faith education of children under five is positive because since infancy they have been baptized in accordance with the nature of Catholic marriage. Based on the results of the study, each partner respects and supports the other's beliefs in the midst of differences. In educating children's faith in the golden age period, they can be baptized.    

This paper focuses on examining the participation of priests through catechesis on social media. In this paper will be described the concrete steps of the priest in developing and growing the faith of Christians in this day and age. This paper finds that the participation of priests through social media is an important and urgent effort for the development and development of the people's faith. This is considered important, because in this day and age, the faithful are directly in the scope of social media whose development is difficult to stem. Be aware of it. This study seeks to remind priests to return to the nature of the ministry as priests through one concrete step, namely catechesis to Christians. Catechesis is a relevant tool in maintaining, growing and strengthening the faith of the people. The concrete way that can be done is to conduct activities to introduce the Holy Scriptures, and pray with the Holy Scriptures in lectio divina activities, and provide liturgical education. All these activities are done through social media. This concrete step is considered to be very helpful for the growth and maturity of faith. The research method used is literature analysis. The results of this study in the form of increasing the spirit of real participation of the priest for the life of the faith of the people, well maintained Christian faith in the midst of the challenges of increasingly rapid technological development, until it comes to the maturity of the perfect faith.

This article highlights the important role of catechism in developing the faith of young Catholics in the modern era. This study uses a theological analytical discourse methodology to analyze the role of catechism as a medium for building faith. Catechesis is a means used by the Church to communicate the teachings of faith to the people. Through catechesis, the Church can provide effective accompaniment of faith to young people. This study focuses on the problems faced by young people today. They are the next generation of the Church who need special attention because they are very vulnerable to being influenced by the fast and swift currents of modernity. Therefore, an effective assistance effort is needed for them. The research findings show that young people, who are in a period of searching for identity, tend to get bored easily and are quickly satisfied. In this context, catechesis as a form of faith formation is an effective choice and responsive to the lifestyle of today's youth. Through catechesis, young people can gain a deeper understanding of the teachings of the faith, strengthen their relationship with God and develop a strong Christian identity. Digital catechesis, which combines technology with messages of faith, can be a relevant and attractive medium for young people. In conclusion, digital catechesis has a significant role in developing the faith of young Christians. In facing the challenges of modern times, the Church needs to use catechesis as an effective strategy to assist young people in strengthening their faith. By utilizing technology and adapting the right content, digital catechism can be an effective tool in forming a young generation who are firm in their faith and ready to face the changing times.    

Young Catholics have a very important role in the church. Young people are the next generation and are a pillar in building Spiritual faith, service, being the driving force and being the hope for the future development of the church. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relevance of the Apostolic Exhortation Christus Vivit in formulating and implementing Toraja Youth Day (TYD) 2025, a strategic activity of the Makassar Archdiocesan Youth Commission to empower Catholic Youth (OMK) in the Toraja Kevikepan. The method used is qualitative by means of interviews focusing on the Christus Vivit document and the context of organizing TYD 2025, including the challenges faced by OMK. The research shows that Christus Vivit's invitation to make young people protagonists, utilize creativity in proclaiming the Gospel, and the importance of contextual pastoral assistance are very relevant to the objectives of TYD 2025 to strengthen faith, build solidarity, and encourage active involvement of OMK. The integration of Christus Vivit values in TYD 2025, becomes a theological and pastoral foundation that inspires OMK to rise from the challenges of faith and witness as agents of change in the Church and in society.

As a substitute for parents in school, the role of Catholic Religious Education (PAK) teachers is crucial in guiding and nurturing students to avoid behaviors that may lead them towards inappropriate social interactions. This research is significant to understand the role of Catholic Religious Education (PAK) teachers in shaping the faith of Catholic students at SD Negeri 045957 Suka, Kabupaten Karo. The research methodology employed is qualitative, involving observations, interviews, and document analysis. Data was collected through observing PAK teachers' activities, interviewing teachers, the school principal, other subject teachers, and students, as well as analyzing documents related to the Catholic religious curriculum. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 045957 Suka in the sixth grade over a period of three months. The findings indicate that the creative and in-depth teaching methods of PAK teachers are effective in strengthening students' faith through prayer, Bible teachings, and active participation in church worship. The results underscore the need for enhanced teacher training in deep teaching approaches and the integration of Catholic values into daily school activity.

As a substitute for parents in school, the role of Catholic Religious Education (PAK) teachers is crucial in guiding and nurturing students to avoid behaviors that may lead them towards inappropriate social interactions. This research is significant to understand the role of Catholic Religious Education (PAK) teachers in shaping the faith of Catholic students at SD Negeri 045957 Suka, Kabupaten Karo. The research methodology employed is qualitative, involving observations, interviews, and document analysis. Data was collected through observing PAK teachers' activities, interviewing teachers, the school principal, other subject teachers, and students, as well as analyzing documents related to the Catholic religious curriculum. The research was conducted at SD Negeri 045957 Suka in the sixth grade over a period of three months. The findings indicate that the creative and in-depth teaching methods of PAK teachers are effective in strengthening students' faith through prayer, Bible teachings, and active participation in church worship. The results underscore the need for enhanced teacher training in deep teaching approaches and the integration of Catholic values into daily school activity.

This study explores the central and strategic role of families in shaping the faith foundation of their children by viewing the family as a “little church”. This concept emphasizes the importance of the family environment in shaping children's religious beliefs and practices. The purpose of this study is to ultimately discover what are the roles of families in shaping and building the foundation of children's faith. The study also aims for families to have an overview of their existence in a “small church”. This study uses a qualitative methodology by focusing on analyzing the phenomenon of today's family from the perspective of the Ecclesiastical Document Series No. 30 FAMILIARIS CONSORTIO. Through a qualitative approach, we investigated how families play a major role in strengthening the faith of their children through various daily religious practices, Bible study, prayer, and participation in joint religious activities. Our findings highlight the importance of parents' role as faith models and spiritual educators for their children, as well as the close relationship between family interactions and the formation of children's faith foundation. The practical implications of this study emphasize the need for church support for families in strengthening their central role in guiding children's faith development.      

This research aims to: 1) Find out how the teacher's strategy in classroom management in learning moral beliefs at MTs of the al istiqomah karya education foundation for Kebumen regency. 2) To find out how the Role of Teacher Creativity in Improving Classroom Management in Moral Faith Learning at MTs of the Al Istiqomah Karya Guna Education Foundation, Kebumen Regency. 3) To find out the supporting and inhibiting factors of Teacher Creativity in Classroom Management in Moral Faith Learning at MTs of the Al Istiqomah Karya Education Foundation in Kebumen Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach where the type of research is field research. The data collection technique uses observation, interview, and documentation methods related to the role of teacher creativity in improving classroom management in learning moral beliefs. The analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn. The results of the study showed that: 1) Teachers' strategies in classroom management in learning moral beliefs at MTs Al Istiqomah Karya Guna Education Foundation, Kebumen Regency. This includes setting up students' sitting positions every week, forming discussion groups, using learning media such as laptops and projectors, and providing constructive feedback. In addition, there are positive habits such as reading Asmaul Husna before learning begins to create a conducive classroom atmosphere. 2) The role of teacher creativity in improving classroom management in learning moral beliefs at MTs Al Istiqomah Karya Guna Education Foundation, Kebumen Regency. Teachers apply several approaches, such as taking turns seating each week, forming discussion groups, using learning media such as laptops and projectors, and providing constructive feedback. In addition, the habit of reading Asmaul Husna before the lesson starts is also carried out to foster discipline and a religious atmosphere in the classroom. Madrasah heads fully support this strategy by providing training for teachers, including training in the use of digital platforms and learning applications. 3) Supporting and Inhibiting Factors for Teacher Creativity in Classroom Management in Learning Moral Beliefs at MTs Al Istiqomah Karya Guna Education Foundation, Kebumen Regency. 1) Inhibiting factors from teachers. Heavy workloads such as teaching followed by extra-curricular teaching, superior classes or competition classes and other tasks at school that must be completed. 2) Student factors. a) Varying levels of student participation are sometimes an obstacle. Not all students are actively interacting, so it was difficult for me to create a dynamic and creative classroom atmosphere. This makes me have to continue to look for ways to make students more motivated and involved in the learning process. b) Students are difficult to manage or not communicative in the teaching and learning process.

This study explores the central and strategic role of families in shaping the faith foundation of their children by viewing the family as a “little church”. This concept emphasizes the importance of the family environment in shaping children's religious beliefs and practices. The purpose of this study is to ultimately discover what are the roles of families in shaping and building the foundation of children's faith. The study also aims for families to have an overview of their existence in a “small church”. This study uses a qualitative methodology by focusing on analyzing the phenomenon of today's family from the perspective of the Ecclesiastical Document Series No. 30 FAMILIARIS CONSORTIO. Through a qualitative approach, we investigated how families play a major role in strengthening the faith of their children through various daily religious practices, Bible study, prayer, and participation in joint religious activities. Our findings highlight the importance of parents' role as faith models and spiritual educators for their children, as well as the close relationship between family interactions and the formation of children's faith foundation. The practical implications of this study emphasize the need for church support for families in strengthening their central role in guiding children's faith development.      

This article highlights the important role of catechism in developing the faith of young Catholics in the modern era. This study uses a theological analytical discourse methodology to analyze the role of catechism as a medium for building faith. Catechesis is a means used by the Church to communicate the teachings of faith to the people. Through catechesis, the Church can provide effective accompaniment of faith to young people. This study focuses on the problems faced by young people today. They are the next generation of the Church who need special attention because they are very vulnerable to being influenced by the fast and swift currents of modernity. Therefore, an effective assistance effort is needed for them. The research findings show that young people, who are in a period of searching for identity, tend to get bored easily and are quickly satisfied. In this context, catechesis as a form of faith formation is an effective choice and responsive to the lifestyle of today's youth. Through catechesis, young people can gain a deeper understanding of the teachings of the faith, strengthen their relationship with God and develop a strong Christian identity. Digital catechesis, which combines technology with messages of faith, can be a relevant and attractive medium for young people. In conclusion, digital catechesis has a significant role in developing the faith of young Christians. In facing the challenges of modern times, the Church needs to use catechesis as an effective strategy to assist young people in strengthening their faith. By utilizing technology and adapting the right content, digital catechism can be an effective tool in forming a young generation who are firm in their faith and ready to face the changing times.