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As international trade activities are increased, there are more regulative practices which might  be  barriers to trade. One  of such hindrances is exchange rate volatility that  affects trade activities both  directly  and indirectly. Exchange rate volatility of currencies can  affect  the  trade engagements and  as well as the  trade balance of a country. One  of the  implications of the  study is that  the  impacts of monetary policy changes on trade activities can  be  noticed significantly in the  long-term. While impacts on export levels  are usually immediate, import levels are changed in long-run. The research analyzes the correlation between inflation and  devaluation and  clearly  states their  impacts on  trade balance. The  case study about devaluation of the  currency of Azerbaijan elaborates the  impacts of currency volatility on exports which is illustrated and analyzed in this research. Moreover, inflation and  devaluation correlations and  their impacts on import level of a country are studied through correlation and  multiple  regression analyses based on the  data exported from  OECD and  World Bank.  The  results conclude that  exchange rate volatility significantly impacts the trade balance in terms of imports and  exports. Given the  results, exchange rate is a non-trade barrier and affects foreign trade.

In this increasingly difficult economic situation, there is a lot of competition in various fields, including competition in the business world. Many companies are competing to gain market share, so this spurs companies to strive to continue to progress in improving their business management. In addition, companies are starting to change their view from one that is product or service oriented, to a customer oriented view. One strategy that can be used by companies is to build customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is needed to ensure the company's future. Maintaining customer loyalty is absolutely necessary for a company to survive and be able to compete with other companies.

Youth entrepreneurship plays a strategic role in strengthening local economic development; however, limited knowledge, skills, and business mentoring remain major challenges for rural youth. This community service program focuses on developing youth entrepreneurship through a village business incubator based on the 8P principles: Place, People, Process, Partnership, Profit, Promotion, Product, and Price. The program aims to improve access to entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, and resources for youth in RT 013, Lubuk Gaung Subdistrict, Sungai Sembilan District. The approach employed socialization, entrepreneurship training, participatory discussions, and business mentoring tailored to local potential. The results show increased understanding of business planning, market identification, partnership development, and the use of information technology in business activities. The implementation of the 8P-based incubator model successfully strengthened entrepreneurial mindset, motivation, and youth readiness to develop sustainable local businesses. Furthermore, this program also opens up opportunities for more structured, collaborative business development, which is crucial for long-term sustainability at the village level. Overall, this program contributes to increasing the capacity of youth as agents of change in the local economy.

The main problem faced by farmer groups in South Dumai District is the weak management of data, information, and group administration, which affects the effectiveness of agricultural development planning and evaluation. This community service activity aims to strengthen farmer group institutions by improving their capacity in data and administrative management. The method employed was a community organizing approach through participatory extension activities, group discussions, and initial mentoring involving 33 participants consisting of farmer group administrators and members. The results indicate an increase in farmers’ understanding and awareness of the importance of data and orderly administration as a basis for planning, decision-making, and evaluation of agricultural development programs. In addition, early social changes emerged in the form of collective awareness and the initiative of group leaders to actively strengthen institutional functions. Strengthening farmer group institutions through proper data and administrative management is expected to support sustainable agricultural development and improve farmers’ welfare.

The program "Realizing a Superior Generation: Collective Action to Combat Stunting in Dumai City"is a collaborative initiative aimed at addressing the problem of stunting in Dumai City, particularly in Laksamana Subdistrict. Stunting, which refers to impaired child growth, has serious long-term impacts on children's quality of life and development. This program adopts an educational approach through counseling, training, and simulations to increase public awareness and knowledge about stunting. By actively involving local government, non-profit organizations, volunteers, and the community, the program seeks to create an environment that supports positive change. Through dynamic social interactions during program activities, participants are expected to engage actively in the learning process and develop a shared commitment to combating stunting. By equipping the participants with practical knowledge and fostering a sense of shared commitment, the program lays the groundwork for long-term improvements in child health and well-being. In conclusion, this program represents not only a step toward effective stunting prevention but also a collective determination to build a superior generation and a brighter future for the children of Dumai City.

National development requires strengthening the quality of human resources (HR) as a fundamental pillar for sustainable development, particularly in facing the challenges of the Society 5.0 era characterized by rapid advances in information and communication technology. Youth, as a productive age group, play a strategic role as agents of social change and drivers of economic development through entrepreneurship. However, low entrepreneurial awareness, limited managerial skills, and insufficient business mentoring remain major obstacles to youth business development at the local level. This Community Service Program (PKM) aims to enhance youth understanding, motivation, and entrepreneurial capacity through an educative and participatory approach based on business incubation. The program was implemented for young people in RT 013, Lubuk Gaung Village, Sungai Sembilan District, on June 18, 2023, using counseling sessions, interactive discussions, and entrepreneurial mentoring methods. The results indicate an improvement in participants' understanding of entrepreneurial concepts, the role of business incubators, and the importance of digital literacy and business collaboration in the digital economy era. The program also fostered collective awareness among youth to become innovative and sustainable entrepreneurs. Therefore, this PKM activity confirms that community-based business incubation has strategic relevance in improving youth human resource quality, promoting economic self-reliance, and supporting sustainable local economic development.

Changes in society will continue for as long as people interact with one another. The phenomenon of urbanization is one form of social change. This is because of geographical, biological, economic, and cultural factors, as well as shifts in social norms, influenced social change. Social change cannot be viewed solely from one perspective because it can result in shifts in numerous social society sectors. This indicates that social change will always occur within society as a whole. Naturally, this social change occurs not only as a result of the individuals who wish to change but also as a result of developments in various fields, particularly technology. Based on theories of social change, the author tries to describe the social changes that take place in society. The type research used is field research while the data collection thecnique is carried out by observation and interview. This research was conducted in Sampung village, Sampung district, Ponorogo Regency to know of the reason why people urbaniz and the impact of urbanization on social and environtmental origin. The result of this study concluded that, 1) the reason how people urbanizm because the economic case, geographical, population compesition, ideology, biological,  and new discoveries, 2) the impact of urbanization can improve the economic case and the spread of technology on the other hand it also results in a redaction in agricultural land and social tempest within the family.

This study aims to determine the external factors and internal factors that cause learning difficulties and their relationship with the learning outcomes of Biology class XI IPA MAN 3 Padang. The change in the online learning process to offline learning since the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on external factors and internal factors that cause learning difficulties that affect student learning outcomes. This type of research is descriptive with quantitative research methods. The study was carried out at MAN 3 Padang with a population of 165 students of class XI science who were registered in the even semester of the academic year 2021/2022, with a sample of 33 students. The sampling technique is random sampling, which is done randomly, using an error rate of 5%. Data collection in this study used a questionnaire containing statements of external factors and internal factors of students' learning difficulties using a Likert scale, and documents on students' learning outcomes for Biology in the even mid-semester exams for the 2021/2022 academic year. From the results of the study, it is known that the level of learning difficulties for external factors obtained an average value of 3.52 in the high category, while the level of learning difficulties for internal factors had an average value of 3.26 in the high category. The results of the Pearson product moment correlation test using the SPSS 20 program obtained a value on the external factor of 0.073 which is strongly correlated and the form of the relationship is negative and the internal factor has a value of 0.910 which is perfectly correlated with the negative relationship between external factors and internal factors with Biology learning outcomes in students. class XI IPA MAN 3 Padang. The results of the t test showed that the external factor tcount was -1.853 and the internal factor tcount was -113 indicating that there was no influence of external factors and internal factors (X) on students’ Biology learning outcomes (Y).

One way to improve the quality of life for the elderly is to do physical exercise. Physical exercise can maintain or improve flexibility, cardiopulmonary endurance, agility, strength and balance. Several studies show that physical exercise has a consistent effect in reducing the risk of falls in healthy older adults. Kuptniratsaikul's research in 2009-2010 showed that simple balance exercises carried out by elderly people with a history of falls could reduce the incidence of falls in the elderly and significantly improve body balance. A 2017 Cuevas meta-analysis study showed that balance training programs showed the greatest effect in reducing the risk of falls in the elderly. For elderly people who are not yet able to do balance exercises independently, they need assistance from professional staff. Elderly people are an age group that is vulnerable to falls. The aim of implementing this service is to detect the risk of falls in the elderly and provide assistance with balance exercises as an effort to prevent the risk of falls in the elderly. Falls occur due to an unintentional loss of balance which results in failure of postural stability, or an unexpected and sudden change which results in the position landing on the floor . Associated risk factors include current health status (living in the community, nursing home, hospital, weak or active state), existing diseases (diabetes, hip fracture, stroke) and general changes related to aging (decreased balance, coordination, strength muscle, visual disturbances, etc.). The output targets to be achieved include publication of accredited national journals and copyright for videos of community service activities. The method used is a fall risk detection examination using the Time Up and Go Test and continued by providing balance training, so that elderly people who are at risk of falling can be identified as early as possible so that providing balance training can maintain and improve the elderly's body balance.

This study aims to examine why seafarers engage in simultaneous tasks, which may lead to accidents. In an exploratory qualitative study, face-to-face interviews were conducted with selective and targeted seafarers previously involved in maritime accidents. The collected data were analysed using interpretive and descriptive qualitative methods with a socio-cultural approach. The findings of this study show that the substantial regulatory changes over the years in the maritime industry have resulted in increased occupational workload for seafarers. Some of these regulatory barriers designed to improve safety at sea prompted seafarers to engage in simultaneous tasks to perform excessive paperwork and compensate for insufficient crewing. The research also revealed how a poor speak-up culture onboard might encourage simultaneous tasks leading to accidents at sea. The analysis shows that reasons for engaging in simultaneous tasks at sea are varied and complex. Therefore, complex intervention efforts to discourage seafarers from engaging in simultaneous tasks is needed to mitigate accidents at sea.

The use of image media in Civic Education (PKn) learning, particularly on the topic of understanding the meaning of the Pancasila symbols in fourth-grade elementary school, often faces challenges, especially in enhancing students' comprehension of the abstract concepts involved. This community service program aims to socialize the use of image media as an effective teaching aid in PKn education. The methods employed include training and mentoring teachers in integrating image media into their lessons. The results indicate a significant improvement in students' understanding of the Pancasila symbols and increased motivation to learn. Additionally, the program sparked social change within the school environment, such as new initiatives from teachers to be more creative in using teaching media. This program successfully achieved its goals by fostering positive transformation in the school's learning processes

It is easy for the public to access information through various media, and one of these media is YouTube. With the ease of dissemination of information, the development of the Korean Wave in Indonesia is growing rapidly. Many young people are fond of various things about the Korean Wave and imitate the Korean Wave lifestyle. One of the content creators who provides information on Korean culture on YouTube is the SunnydahyeIn channel. This channel provides various information about Korean idols and also Korean lifestyle or culture. There are several lifestyle indicators, namely: (1) style of dress; (2) speaking style; and (3) consumption culture. This study aims to find out the perceptions of members of the Jogja K-poper community which were formed by exposure to information on Korean lifestyle and culture through the SunnydahyeIn YouTube channel, which led to a change in lifestyle within them. This study uses a qualitative research approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the SunnydahyeIn YouTube media channel has a role in shaping the perceptions of Jogja K-Poper communication members on the Korean Wave lifestyle and Korean culture.

This study aims to determine the social capital of the association of street vendors in the scope of economics and development. The research method used is a qualitative method to obtain the data that researchers need and to understand the subject in depth. Researchers used an ethnographic approach that focused on a group that had the same goal, the group studied in this study was the Mekar Sore street vendor association. The research location is on Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto, Ponorogo Regency. Data collection techniques in this study were to gather information through observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate the social capital of the role of the Mekar Sore street vendor association with its influence on the economy and development on Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto. Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto which has undergone a face off is similar to Malioboro Yogyakarta with the aim as a city tourism sector there is a role from various stakeholders in its development, one of which is the Mekar Sore street vendor association. The association is a well-structured group, as evidenced by the existence of a management structure and routine activities for the sustainability of their economy and efforts to protect the environment on Jalan Hos Cokroaminoto. In addition, with social capital, the association is trying to change the image of street vendors who care about environmental issues.

Patient safety during intraoperative procedures is a top priority in nursing services in the operating room. However, patient and family understanding of intraoperative nursing management is still limited, which can have an impact on patient readiness before undergoing surgery. This community service activity aims to improve patient and family knowledge about the important role of intraoperative nursing in maintaining patient safety. The method used is an educational approach through interactive counseling delivered directly to patients and families in the pre-operative room. The material includes patient safety standards, the role of nurses during surgical procedures, and the importance of effective communication between the medical team, patients, and families. Evaluation was carried out by comparing the level of understanding before and after education using a simple questionnaire. The results showed a significant increase in understanding, seen from changes in patient attitudes and readiness to face surgical procedures. Appropriate and easy-to-understand education has been shown to be effective in supporting active participation of patients and families, as well as encouraging the creation of a safer surgical environment.

Land is fixed, does not change, so that land has a promising investment value for most people, this is due to the tendency for the price or selling value of land to continue to increase. The need for housing for the community has increased the sale and purchase of land, the process of legality in land certification has become crucial and needs to be understood carefully. Actualization of community service through outreach regarding land law in Ngadirgo Village, Mijen District, Semarang City has the aim of increasing knowledge of understanding and knowing the importance of land registration and increasing knowledge of understanding and knowing the benefits and functions of land registration. The socialization uses power point presentation media by dividing the method into 4 main components, namely: the lecture method, the interactive discussion method, the consultation method, and the evaluation method. With the socialization related to land law, the people of Ngadirgo Village, Mijen Sub-District gained adequate insight and understanding so that later they can take care of land certification independently so as not to cause problems in the future. The land certificate bleaching program is also one of the main topics related to the socialization of land law as an effort to provide legal certainty and legal protection of community land rights based on the principles of simple, fast, smooth, safe, fair, equitable, and open and accountable so as to increase the welfare and prosperity of the community. and the country's economy as well as reducing and preventing land disputes and conflicts.

This study aims to examine the phenomenon of culture shock experienced by Merdeka Student Exchange Program students from North Sumatra who take part in study programs in Java. Culture shock is a psychological and emotional symptom that a person experiences when experiencing significant cultural changes. This study uses qualitative research methods by collecting data through in-depth interviews and participant observation. The results of this study show that students from North Sumatra experience various stages of culture shock, including the crisis stage, adjustment stage, and acculturation stage. In addition, this study also identified factors that influence the experience of culture shock, such as differences in language, food, customs, and value systems. The findings of this study are expected to provide a better understanding of the experiences of students from North Sumatra in dealing with culture shock in Java and provide guidance for relevant parties in improving support and cultural understanding for students in independent student exchange programs.

Washing hands 6 steps is one way that can be used to overcome disease problems such as diarrhea or intestinal worms. This community service activity aims to increase the knowledge of children in Village Lamteube Geupula in carrying out hand washing. The socialization method is carried out by counseling and demonstrations, this activity is carried out for approximately 2 hours and evaluation. The results obtained from this community service are changes in children's knowledge about 6-step hand washing. This community service activity was carried out on June 27 2023 in the village multipurpose hall, at 10.00 WIB until it finished at 11.40 WIB. Intervention activities were carried out by lecturers and students. Activities carried out directly with counseling and demonstrations. The target of community service activities is 26 children in Village Lamteube Geupula.

The existence of communities around conservation areas has an important role for the preservation of Alas Purwo National Park. Buffer villages have a function to maintain the integrity of conservation areas from all forms of disturbances, originating from outside or within the area that can result in changes in the integrity and function of the national park area. The effectiveness of conservation area management will be disrupted if the participation rate is low. This study aims to determine the form of behavior of the peyangga village community and its interaction with conservation areas. Qualitative descriptive research approach and purposive determination of research locations. Data collection methods through interviews and observations. Data analysis starts from data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. To explain the phenomenon raised by the researcher, using the theory of structural functionalism. According to this theory society as a social system consists of interrelated parts or elements in equilibrium. Changes that occur in one part will bring about change, against another. The results showed that collaborative management of conservation areas by involving the participation of local communities has an important meaning. Through this activity, it can increase public awareness so that it can play a maximum role in the management of conservation areas.

Globalization has required humans to be constantly adaptable and competitive. Similarly, organizations must be more adaptable, resilient, able to change direction quickly, and capable of managing globally competitive human resources (HR). The availability of competitive and qualified human resources, as well as science and technology, is critical as an organizational asset for developing and competing in the globalization era. Successful organizations consistently generate new knowledge and are able to disseminate it throughout their organization while quickly adapting it to information technology and their products and services. Knowledge Management evolves as an important and strategic component of the organization in order to create value, improve organizational effectiveness and productivity, and boost organizational competitiveness.    

The impact of carbon emissions as a major cause of climate change has raised concerns and become a challenge for the international community. To reduce emissions, it is necessary to study the carbon footprint of activities in Al-Amin. The planning of Al Amin Living lab and Industrial Park along with the administration in which various activities produce carbon emissions these activities need to be calculated to find out how much the activity contributes to the emissions produced so that negative impacts on the environment can be minimized. Opportunities for PSE-GR Development Areas with the concept of Eco-Tech-Edu Tourism which has an understanding of Circular Economy Education (CED) is still very minimal in North Sumatra, PSE-GR can be a pioneer in spreading this understanding of CED where the integration of economic and educational activities occurs which at the same time helps maintain the preservation of nature. Encouraged by the development of the Independent Learning Curriculum (ILC), it is hoped that PSE-GR can become a place for research, service, and practicum of the UNPAB academic community that increases awareness of the need for nature conservation. Because Green Technology from across fields of science is still very minimally discussed and is still often partially researched, UNPAB can be an example of the integration of fields of science that become practical, dynamic, educational, and economic value innovations. The existence of 20 ha of land owned by the Prof. DR H Kadirun Yahya Foundation, it is hoped that UNPAB can develop a Living lab ecosystem at least on 10 ha of land. PSE-GR is not expected to be as exclusive as tourist areas in general, with the concept of CED, PSE-GR will not only help become an income generator & source of educational land for the academic community but also help the welfare of the village and the surrounding community. Carbon footprint studies are carried out in 3 scopes according to The Greenhouse Gas Protocol (GHG Protocol), namely emissions from sources owned or directly controlled by the faculty, indirect emissions from electricity consumption, and other indirect emissions (WRI and WBSCD, 2004). Carbon footprint emissions from all three scopes are calculated based on methods from the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory.