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This research is based on the importance of relevant and contextual teaching materials that foster understanding and practice of religious values, particularly in the teaching of voluntary fasting at the elementary school level. In the context of Islamic religious education, voluntary fasting material not only aims to provide knowledge but also to shape students' religious character from an early age. The purpose of this study is to critically examine the suitability of the learning objectives, materials, and teaching methods in the teaching materials with the expected competency achievements in the curriculum. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a document study approach, through content analysis of Islamic Religious Education and Character Education teaching materials for grade VI. Data were collected through documentation techniques and interviews with Islamic Religious Education teachers, then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the teaching materials generally contain voluntary fasting material in accordance with the applicable curriculum. However, there are still shortcomings in aspects of material depth, relevance to students' daily lives, and the diversity of learning methods used. The materials tend to be textual and do not fully encourage students' emotional involvement or spiritual practices. Furthermore, the emphasis on character building and internalization of religious values ​​in students' lives is not optimal. The conclusions of this study indicate the need to develop more applicable, interactive, and contextual teaching materials to improve students' understanding, religious attitudes, and active involvement in consciously and consistently observing the sunnah fast. As a follow-up to these findings, collaboration between teachers, textbook authors, and curriculum developers is crucial to ensure that teaching materials are not only cognitively appropriate.

This research examines the vital role of pesantren education in embedding and sustaining moral values within the broader social context, with a particular focus on Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Muta’allimin Kudus. As traditional Islamic institutions, pesantren not only function as centers for religious instruction but also act as moral guardians that shape the character, ethics, and social behavior of students and their surrounding communities. In the midst of rapid globalization and shifting cultural dynamics, pesantren face the challenge of preserving the relevance of Islamic values while adapting to contemporary realities. The purpose of this study is to investigate how pesantren education contributes to moral development and to identify strategies utilized to instill Islamic ethics. Using a qualitative case study approach, the research gathered data through interviews, direct observation, and documentation involving kyai, teachers, students, and community members. The findings show that pesantren foster moral growth through structured daily rituals, integration of moral teachings in curriculum, exemplary leadership (uswah), and active community-based programs. These practices build discipline, honesty, empathy, and social responsibility in students, which in turn positively affect the surrounding society. Furthermore, the leadership model demonstrated by kyai and teachers plays a central role in reinforcing values through example, rather than instruction alone. The study concludes that pesantren education continues to serve as a powerful moral force by blending religious instruction with practical community engagement, ensuring that values are not only taught but also lived. This underscores the relevance of pesantren as adaptive agents of moral transformation capable of addressing the ethical challenges of modern Muslim societies. It also highlights that the pesantren framework can serve as a replicable model for strengthening character education in diverse social and cultural contexts, making it both traditional and forward-looking.

In recent years, Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have increasingly positioned themselves as one of the main pillars of the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to employment opportunities, income distribution, and economic resilience. In the local context, Cifest Cikarang Selatan represents a dynamic marketplace where various MSMEs operate and directly interact with consumers. An interesting phenomenon emerges during holiday periods, when consumer behavior shows significant changes, especially in terms of purchasing methods and preferences between online and offline channels. This study aims to explore the transformation of consumer behavior, focusing on the comparative analysis of online and offline purchases, and to evaluate its broader implications for the sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs operating at Cifest. The research adopts a descriptive and analytical approach, using both recent statistical data and supporting literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the digital era’s influence on shopping patterns. The findings reveal that online purchases continue to grow rapidly due to convenience, wider product access, and promotional offers that attract customers. However, offline purchases remain relevant, particularly for consumers who value direct product inspection, immediate ownership, and social interaction within traditional marketplaces. For MSMEs, this shift presents both challenges and opportunities. Those that rely solely on conventional offline strategies risk losing competitiveness, while those able to integrate digital platforms with traditional sales methods demonstrate greater adaptability and potential for growth. Overall, this study concludes that the sustainability of MSMEs in Cifest Cikarang Selatan depends largely on their ability to embrace digital transformation without neglecting the strengths of offline interactions. By leveraging both channels strategically, MSMEs can not only survive but also thrive in the increasingly competitive market landscape shaped by evolving consumer behavior.

Perception refers Perception is an individual's way of viewing a situation, shaped by their experiences, environment, and values. Communication strategy is the planning and management done to achieve a particular goal. This study focuses on three research questions: 1. What is the perception of outstanding students in developing communication skills? 2. What is the strategy of outstanding students in developing communication skills? 3. What are the opportunities and challenges faced by outstanding students in building communication skills? The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The data collection techniques employed include interviews, observation, and documentation. The results indicate that the perception of outstanding students in developing communication skills includes: 1. Learning through practice, and 2. Having both introverted and extroverted traits. The strategies of outstanding students in developing communication skills include: 1. Recognizing the audience, 2. Non-verbal communication, 3. Joining interest groups, 4. Applying the "rule of three" technique, 5. Participating in public speaking activities, 6. Finding examples of communication from great figures, 7. Communicating every day and evaluating. The opportunities and challenges of outstanding students in building communication skills include: 1. Group communication, and the challenge of adapting (both internal and external)

Drug abuse among adolescents is a serious problem that requires comprehensive and sustainable prevention efforts. Adolescence is a developmental phase characterized by the search for identity, emotional instability, and high levels of influence from the social environment, including peers. In this context, family education plays a central role as the first line of defense in protecting adolescents from the negative influence of drugs. Through open communication, wise supervision, and consistent love and emotional support, parents can create a safe and supportive environment for their children's mental development. Effective family education includes strengthening moral, religious, and social values, aiming to shape adolescents' character and resilience to environmental pressures. In certain situations, family education also needs to be supported by a scientific approach, one of which is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT is a psychological approach that focuses on improving negative thought patterns and behaviors. In the context of discussing drugs, CBT can help adolescents identify the emotional and social triggers that lead them to try illicit substances and equip them with strategies to cope healthily. The integration of family education and CBT therapy creates a comprehensive approach—from the home to professional support—to strengthen adolescents' mental resilience. This collaboration not only reduces the risk of addiction but also encourages adolescents to become more self-aware, emotionally healthy, and productive individuals. Therefore, synergy between families, schools, and mental health professionals is crucial in creating a drug-free generation of young people ready to face the challenges of modern life. Therefore, the active involvement of all parties, including educational institutions and the community, is essential to creating an environment that supports early drug prevention.

This research aims to analyze the branding strategy implemented by the Public Relations (PR) division of the Museum of Islamic Indonesia K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari (MINHA) in developing the identity of Indonesian Islam. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. The analysis applies Sicco Van Gelder’s brand strategy theory, which consists of three main dimensions: brand positioning, brand identity, and brand personality. The findings indicate that MINHA’s PR strategically and consistently implements branding through three key aspects: organizing public events, utilizing social media, and incorporating architectural design to reinforce the identity of Indonesian Islam. These strategies have successfully shaped the museum’s image as inclusive, educational, and youth-friendly, presenting a moderate and tolerant face of Indonesian Islam. The role of PR extends beyond promotion to become a driving force in conveying the narrative of Indonesian Islam through adaptive communication approaches. This study recommends optimizing additional digital platforms and developing an official website to further strengthen the museum’s branding on a broader scale.

This study discusses the influence of parenting patterns on children's social development in Maukeli Village, Mauponggo District, Nagekeo Regency. Community service activities in the form of socialization carried out on May 14, 2025 aimed to increase the understanding of mothers and the community regarding the importance of healthy and positive parenting patterns in supporting the growth and formation of children's character. The methods used include lectures, discussions, simulations, evaluations, and feedback, involving mothers and children as participants. The results of the activity show that the parenting patterns applied in Maukeli Village are still diverse, so this socialization provides knowledge and practical skills in child care that can shape children's character and emotional development optimally. This activity emphasizes the importance of the active role of mothers as primary caregivers and collaboration between the village government, health workers, and the community in creating a conducive family environment for child development. With ongoing assistance, it is hoped that children in Maukeli Village can grow into independent, responsible, and highly competitive individuals.

This study aims to analyze the role of authenticity in branding communication conducted by Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) and its impact on consumer trust, emotional engagement, and brand loyalty. Employing a library research approach, data were collected from scholarly literature published between 2021 and 2025 relevant to authenticity, brand communication, and KOL-based marketing. The analysis reveals that authenticity serves as a key element linking brand values to positive audience perceptions, which subsequently influence brand equity and purchase intention. Furthermore, this research highlights that authenticity in digital marketing is not merely a rhetorical claim but a relational practice that shapes how consumers evaluate credibility and trustworthiness. Strategic communication practices such as narrative storytelling, transparent sponsorship disclosure, and value alignment significantly strengthen the credibility of both KOLs and the brands they represent. Authentic storytelling allows audiences to connect with the personal experiences of KOLs, thereby enhancing identification and fostering long-term engagement with the brand. However, this study also identifies several challenges in maintaining authenticity, including risks of over-commercialization, inconsistencies in message delivery, and misalignment between KOL identity and brand values. When audiences perceive exaggerated promotional tactics or lack of transparency, their trust can diminish, ultimately weakening brand loyalty. Therefore, the sustainability of authenticity requires continuous monitoring, adaptive strategies, and consistent ethical practices in brand communication. The findings affirm that authenticity is both a strategic differentiator and a fragile asset, requiring deliberate and sustained management in the competitive digital marketplace. By recognizing authenticity as a multidimensional construct—encompassing transparency, value congruence, and emotional resonance—brands and KOLs can collaboratively enhance audience engagement while preserving credibility. This research contributes to the development of more effective branding communication strategies through KOLs and offers practical guidance for marketers to navigate authenticity challenges in an era dominated by digital interactions and consumer skepticism.

Mengajarkan etika dan moral kepada anak sejak dini sangat penting untuk membentuk karakter mereka agar menjadi individu yang jujur, bertanggung jawab, dan peduli terhadap orang lain. Anak-anak belajar melalui lingkungan sekitar mereka, baik di rumah, sekolah, maupun dalam interaksi sosial sehari-hari. Oleh karena itu, orang tua dan guru perlu menggunakan strategi kreatif untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai etika dan moral. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi literatur untuk menganalisis berbagai sumber tentang pendidikan etika dan moral pada anak. Beberapa strategi efektif yang dapat digunakan antara lain memberikan keteladanan, membiasakan anak dengan perilaku baik, menggunakan cerita untuk mengajarkan nilai moral, serta melibatkan anak dalam kegiatan interaktif dan teknologi. Dengan pendekatan yang tepat, anak-anak dapat memahami perbedaan antara perilaku baik dan buruk, serta membangun sikap yang sesuai dengan norma sosial. Harapannya, mereka akan tumbuh menjadi individu yang berintegritas, bertanggung jawab, dan memiliki kepedulian terhadap sesama. Teaching ethics and morals to children from an early age is essential to shape their character to become honest, responsible, and caring individuals for others. Children learn through their environment, whether at home, school, or in everyday social interactions. Therefore, parents and teachers need to use creative strategies to instill ethical and moral values. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study to analyze various sources about ethical and moral education in children. Some effective strategies that can be used include setting an example, accustoming children to good behavior, using stories to teach moral values, and involving children in interactive and technological activities. With the right approach, children can understand the difference between good and bad behavior, as well as build attitudes that conform to social norms. The hope is that they will grow into individuals with integrity, responsibility, and concern for others.  

This study aims to improve the ability to recognize geometry in children aged 5–6 years through the block game method at Nurul Muslimin Mosque Kindergarten. The research was conducted as Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were children in group A at Nurul Muslimin Mosque Kindergarten, with research carried out collaboratively between researchers, teachers, and the principal. The procedure followed a systematic design consisting of two cycles, each divided into four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation, testing, and documentation to measure the development of children's ability to recognize geometric concepts. The results showed a significant increase in children's ability to recognize geometry through the block game method. In the pre-cycle, only 23.33% of children demonstrated the expected level of ability. After the first cycle, this figure increased to 53.33%, indicating moderate progress. By the end of the second cycle, 86.66% of the children had reached the expected competency, showing a remarkable improvement. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the block game method in fostering cognitive development, particularly in the area of early geometry recognition among preschool-aged children. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that implementing block games as a teaching strategy not only enhances children's recognition of geometric shapes but also supports active learning, creativity, and collaboration. Therefore, educators are encouraged to integrate play-based learning methods such as block games into early childhood education programs to improve fundamental mathematical concepts and prepare children for higher learning stages.

The objectives of this Community Service Program are: (1) To introduce the concept of ethnomathematics to students and classroom teachers at UPT SDN 1 Rantepao as a contextual learning approach rooted in local culture, particularly the traditions of the Toraja ethnic group; (2) To enhance students’ understanding and interest in mathematics through the integration of mathematical elements found in Torajan cultural motifs, artifacts, and symbols, such as symmetry, geometric shapes, patterns, and measurement; and (3) To support teachers in developing innovative and meaningful mathematics instruction by connecting mathematical content to real-life contexts that are relevant to students' daily experiences. The program was implemented in five stages: preliminary observation and survey, preparation, implementation, group discussion and reflection, and the final stage—evaluation. Based on the results of the program, the introduction of ethnomathematics based on Torajan local culture successfully contributed to improving students’ mathematical understanding and reinforcing the relevance of mathematics instruction within the local cultural context. The three-day implementation of the program was met with highly positive responses from all school stakeholders, including strong student enthusiasm, active teacher participation, and noticeable changes in instructional practices. Evaluation outcomes demonstrated a significant improvement in student understanding, as reflected by an increase in the average quiz score from 55 to 83. Moreover, the program contributed to social transformation within the school environment, including the formation of culturally based student learning groups, positive shifts in student learning behaviors, the emergence of local student leadership, and increased awareness among both students and teachers of the importance of integrating local cultural values into the learning process.

Loyang Dogan cake is a traditional Indonesian food commonly sold in markets without the use of modern preservation methods, making it susceptible to microbial contamination. This food is often produced and sold in conditions that may affect its quality and safety. Therefore, this study aims to provide a scientific overview of the potential microbial contamination in Loyang Dogan cakes and its benefits as an educational foundation for both producers and consumers regarding the importance of food hygiene. The focus of this research is to identify bacterial colony growth in Loyang Dogan cakes through microbiological culture tests. The method used in this study involves inoculation, starting with the dilution of the sample using sterile solutions, followed by inoculation onto a Nutrient Agar (NA) medium that has been solidified. The samples are then incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. After the incubation period, the growing colonies are observed and the number and morphological characteristics are recorded. The results show bacterial colony growth in all tested samples, with differences in the number and shape of the colonies depending on the sample source. The bacterial colonies generally appear white, cream, or yellowish, round, smooth, and vary in size. These findings indicate that Loyang Dogan cakes have the potential to be contaminated with microbes during the production and sale process, posing risks to the quality and safety of consumption. Based on the results, it is concluded that improvements in sanitation and food handling practices for traditional products like Loyang Dogan are necessary to ensure their safety for public consumption. Therefore, educating producers and consumers about food hygiene is crucial to raising awareness of the importance of maintaining food quality and safety.

Hairstyling is a crucial aspect of enhancing one’s aesthetic appearance and self-expression, with the Hollywood Wave being one of the most iconic and classic styles. Characterized by large, shiny, and neatly arranged “S”-shaped waves, this style requires accuracy in both technique and tools. One of the most influential factors in achieving the desired look is the diameter of the curly iron used. Observations during an internship at a national television station revealed that different curly iron diameters, specifically 28 mm and 25 mm, produce varied results when applied to long straight hair. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of using 28 mm and 25 mm diameter curly irons in creating Hollywood Wave styles. The research employed a quantitative method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The independent variable was the Hollywood Wave styling technique, while the dependent variable was the styling result measured across three indicators: wave shape, wave durability, and wave volume. The sample consisted of students who had completed the Hair Styling course and had long straight hair, selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, followed by normality, homogeneity, and hypothesis testing to ensure validity. The findings demonstrate that the 28 mm curly iron performs more effectively than the 25 mm in producing Hollywood Waves that are neater, longer-lasting, and more voluminous. Statistical analysis confirms a significant difference between the two diameters in achieving optimal styling results. This suggests that the larger diameter curly iron not only provides a smoother and more polished wave pattern but also improves the durability and overall quality of the style. The study contributes to hairstyling practices by offering evidence-based insights into tool selection for professional styling, particularly for achieving the Hollywood Wave look.

Batang Bungo River faces severe pollution from domestic waste and illegal gold mining, which has led to an increase in skin diseases and diarrhea among residents of Tanjung Gedang, exacerbated by poor physical-chemical water quality, including low pH and high levels of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), all of which foster the growth of pathogenic microorganisme. This study aimed to identify bacteria and fungi present in Batang Bungo River water, characterizing their colony morphology and microscopic structures to understand the impact of pollution on microbial communities. The methodology involved serial dilution of water samples, followed by inoculation onto Nutrient Agar (NA) media using the pour plate technique, and incubation at 37°C for 24-48 hours. Macroscopic observations of colonies (color, shape, texture) were performed, and representative colonies were stained with crystal violet for microscopic observation at 1000x magnification to identify cellular and hyphal structures. The results indicated the presence of various microorganisms, including Gram-positive bacteria, filamentous fungi, and possibly protozoa, with colonies exhibiting characteristics such as off-white color, rough surfaces, and irregular edges. Microscopic examination after crystal violet staining revealed rod-shaped (bacilli), spherical (cocci) structures, and branched filamentous structures resembling hyphae, consistent with a mixture of bacteria and filamentous fungi. The identification of pathogens like Clostridium, Dermatophilus, and Escherichia coli in previous studies, coupled with the poor water quality, confirms significant microbiological and chemical contamination. Crystal violet proved effective as a stain for microscopic identification of microorganism structures. In conclusion, the water quality of Batang Bungo River is highly concerning and requires serious attention for monitoring and management to safeguard public health and the river ecosystem.  

Mathematics learning, particularly in geometry, is often perceived as abstract and less engaging by students, leading to reduced interest and creativity. One of the geometry topics that demands a more creative and concrete approach is the tessellation of flat shapes, which emphasizes the understanding of patterns, symmetry, and regularity of shapes. The absence of contextual learning media has contributed to students’ low enthusiasm and limited ability to apply concepts in real-life contexts. This community service activity was designed to address these challenges by enhancing students’ creativity and conceptual understanding through the use of ceramic media as an innovative and enjoyable learning tool. The program was conducted at SD Negeri 1 Rowosari, Tembalang District, Semarang City, involving mathematics teachers, elementary school students, and university students. The implementation method included training and mentoring sessions. Activities encompassed the introduction of tessellation concepts, hands-on demonstrations, and the guided creation of tessellation patterns using ceramic media. Participants consisted of teachers and students who actively engaged in both theoretical and practical sessions. Evaluation was conducted through pre-test and post-test questionnaires administered before and after the training. The results revealed a significant improvement in students’ average scores after the activity. Pre-test data showed that approximately half of the students scored above the average, with two students achieving nearly perfect scores. Post-test results indicated that most students demonstrated increased understanding and creativity in applying tessellation concepts. Nevertheless, a small number of students still required further guidance, particularly in translating abstract tessellation concepts into real-life applications. Overall, the findings suggest that integrating ceramic media into mathematics learning is effective in making abstract geometry concepts more tangible, stimulating students’ creativity, and improving learning outcomes, especially in the topic of tessellation of flat shapes.

Cassava tape is a traditional fermented product widely consumed in Indonesia, especially in rural areas. It is produced from cassava (Manihot esculenta) through the activity of microorganisms during the fermentation process. The presence of microbes in this process plays a crucial role in the flavor, aroma, texture, and final quality of the product. The microorganisms involved, including bacteria, molds, and yeasts, work synergistically to break down the carbohydrate components of cassava into simpler products, resulting in the sweet taste and distinctive aroma of tape. This study aimed to identify and characterize the microbes present in cassava tape through isolation and microscopic staining using safranin. The isolation process involved several stages: sequential sample dilution, inoculation onto Nutrient Agar (NA) media using the pour method, and incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. The growing microbial colonies were observed macroscopically, then collected and subjected to simple safranin staining to determine the shape and distribution pattern of the microbial cells microscopically. Observations revealed colonies with diverse morphologies, including rod-shaped (bacilli) and spherical (cocci), evenly distributed across the observation area. This indicates that cassava tape contains microorganisms of various morphologies that play a role in the fermentation process. Simple safranin staining has been shown to provide an initial overview of the presence and form of microbes, although further identification to the genus or species level requires further tests such as Gram staining, biochemical tests, and molecular analysis. These findings open up opportunities for further in-depth research into consumption safety, the functional role of microbes in tape fermentation, and its potential use as a source of natural probiotics in traditional fermented foods.  

Bekasam is a traditional fermented fish product commonly produced in South Sumatra and South Kalimantan, known for its distinctive sour taste resulting from the metabolic activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). LAB play a crucial role in the fermentation process, contributing to the product’s flavor, texture, and safety. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize LAB from bekasam made using tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Isolation of bacterial strains was performed using the pour plate method on Nutrient Agar (NA) medium at various serial dilutions to obtain discrete colonies. The colonies were observed macroscopically to assess their morphological characteristics, including shape, size, color, surface texture, and edge profile. Further identification involved Gram staining to determine cell wall type and microscopic morphology. The results revealed that the bacterial colonies were generally small, round, white to cream in color, with smooth surfaces and flat edges. Gram staining demonstrated that the dominant isolates were Gram-positive bacteria, exhibiting rod-shaped or oval morphology. These characteristics are consistent with members of the genus Lactobacillus sp., a common LAB group in fermented fish products. Additional phenotypic traits observed included catalase-negative reactions, absence of spore formation, and the ability to produce lactic acid as the main metabolic end product. The combination of morphological, staining, and basic biochemical characteristics supports the initial identification of the isolates as LAB. The presence of Lactobacillus sp. in bekasam suggests their significant contribution to the fermentation process, influencing the product’s sourness, safety, and preservation. The findings of this study provide a basis for further molecular characterization and potential selection of LAB strains as starter cultures to improve the quality, consistency, and safety of bekasam in traditional and industrial production.

Bekasam is a traditional fermented food made from snakehead fish (Channa striata) through spontaneous fermentation with the addition of salt and rice over several days. This fermentation process promotes the growth of indigenous microorganisms, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which play a crucial role in developing distinctive flavors and potentially providing health benefits. LAB are well-known for their probiotic effects, such as maintaining gut microbiota balance and enhancing immune system function. This study aimed to identify the presence of LAB in bekasam using the Gram staining method. Samples were taken from bekasam that had been fermented for three days. Bacterial isolation was conducted by culturing the samples on appropriate media, followed by Gram staining to observe bacterial morphology and cell wall characteristics under a microscope. Observations revealed a predominance of Gram-positive, rod-shaped (bacillus) bacteria, which are the primary morphological characteristics of LAB. This morphology is consistent with bacterial groups such as Lactobacillus spp., which are commonly found in traditional fermented products. These findings strengthen the assumption that snakehead fish–based bekasam is not only a traditional food source with rich flavors but also has potential as a natural probiotic source. This potential opens opportunities for bekasam to be developed as a functional food that supports digestive health and immune function. Further research is recommended to perform molecular identification to accurately determine bacterial species and to evaluate their probiotic activity in vivo. Thus, bekasam holds not only cultural and culinary value but also added value in the field of health and the functional food industry.

Bekasam, a traditional Indonesian fermented fish product, is produced through a natural fermentation process involving complex microbial communities, particularly fermentative bacteria. These microorganisms play a vital role in developing the product’s characteristic flavor, aroma, and texture. This study aimed to identify the morphological characteristics of fermentative bacteria present in bekasam made from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using direct microscopic observation without staining. Fresh samples of bekasam were collected and subjected to serial dilution before being cultured on nutrient agar (NA) medium. The cultures were incubated at room temperature for 24–48 hours to allow colony formation. Morphological examination was carried out by observing the colonies directly under a light microscope to assess cell shape, size, and arrangement. The results demonstrated a diversity of bacterial morphologies, with the majority consisting of rod-shaped (bacillus) and spherical (coccus) forms. Bacillus cells were often observed singly or in short chains, whereas coccus cells appeared either as single units, in pairs (diplococci), or forming short chains (streptococci). The morphological diversity observed suggests that multiple bacterial species may be involved in the fermentation process, each contributing differently to biochemical transformations such as protein degradation, lactic acid production, and flavor compound formation. Although morphological characterization alone cannot provide definitive bacterial identification, these findings serve as preliminary data for subsequent microbiological and molecular analyses. Further research using biochemical tests and molecular approaches, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing, is recommended to confirm species identity and to explore their specific roles in fermentation. Understanding the microbial composition of bekasam can provide valuable insights for optimizing fermentation conditions, improving product consistency, and ensuring safety in traditional fish-based fermented foods.

Mission constitutes a fundamental dimension of the Catholic Church’s identity, intrinsically linked to the divine mandate to participate in God’s work of salvation in the world. Within this framework, the consecrated life of the Congregation of the Missionary Sisters Servants of the Holy Spirit (SSpS) embodies a distinctive expression of Trinitarian spirituality and a prophetic missionary vocation. In the context of Timor Island, this charism is concretely manifested through ministries that directly engage with the realities of local communities. This study adopts a qualitative methodology with a literature review approach, drawing on theological sources, congregational spirituality, and the SSpS Constitution to explore the theological and practical dimensions of the sisters’ mission. The research aims to analyze how the life and apostolate of the SSpS Sisters serve as a tangible witness to the presence of the Triune God, particularly through works in education, healthcare, social services, and pastoral ministry. The findings indicate that the sisters’ mission is deeply rooted in a faith experience centered on the Most Holy Trinity, which shapes their incarnational and intercultural approach to ministry. Their service reflects a prophetic commitment to empowering marginalized communities, promoting human dignity, and fostering social transformation. Furthermore, the integration of religious vows with active engagement in societal issues illustrates a spirituality that bridges contemplation and action, grounded in both fidelity to the Gospel and responsiveness to contextual needs. In conclusion, the consecrated life of the SSpS Sisters on Timor Island stands as a visible and dynamic sign of God’s salvific and prophetic presence. Through their holistic and transformative ministries, they contribute significantly to the mission of the Church and the common good of society, embodying a vision of the “civilization of love” rooted in Trinitarian communion and expressed in concrete service to humanity.