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Stroke is a major cause of long-term disability and frequently results in balance impairment that limits functional mobility and increases the risk of falls. Impaired trunk control and postural instability are common consequences of stroke, highlighting the need for effective rehabilitation strategies. This study aimed to analyze the effect of Core Stability Exercise on balance improvement in stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation at the Medical Rehabilitation Polyclinic of RS Adhyaksa Jakarta. A case study design with a pretest–posttest approach was applied to three patients with ischemic stroke who presented with balance disorders. The intervention consisted of Core Stability Exercise, including bridging, bird-dog exercise, and seated balance exercise, conducted three times per week for eight sessions. Balance performance was measured using the Berg Balance Scale before and after the intervention. The findings demonstrated a consistent increase in Berg Balance Scale scores in all patients, indicating improvements in static and dynamic balance as well as a reduction in fall risk. Patients with better initial motor control showed faster and greater improvement, although positive changes were also observed in patients with more severe impairments. These results suggest that Core Stability Exercise contributes to enhanced trunk stability, postural control, and functional balance in stroke patients. The study implies that integrating Core Stability Exercise into routine physiotherapy programs may support more comprehensive and individualized stroke rehabilitation, particularly in addressing balance-related functional limitations.

The growth of the digital economy in the 5.0 era has changed consumer behavior, particularly among students as digital natives. This study aims to analyze the influence of Celebrity Endorsers, Product Quality, Social Media Marketing, and Influencer Credibility on Purchase Intention, with Brand Image as a mediating variable. The research focuses on students in Pemalang Regency who use the Shopee e-commerce platform. A quantitative approach was employed, with data collected from 100 respondents through purposive and accidental sampling. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression, path analysis, and the Sobel test with IBM SPSS 25. The results indicate that all independent variables have a positive and significant effect on Purchase Intention. In addition, Brand Image is proven to mediate the influence of these variables. The findings suggest that enhancing quality perception and selecting credible endorsers aligned with brand values are important strategies for Shopee to increase consumer purchase intention. This study provides empirical contributions to the development of digital marketing literature.

Background: Adolescence is a transitional phase marked by biological changes, one of which is menstruation. A common problem during menstruation is dysmenorrhea or lower abdominal pain, which can interfere with quality of life and daily activities. One non-pharmacological effort to address this is consuming dark chocolate, which contains magnesium and triggers the release of endorphins as a natural pain reliever. Methods: This study used a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design through a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research population and sample consisted of 30 adolescent girls experiencing menstrual pain, selected using total sampling technique. Data analysis used the Wilcoxon Test to examine the effect before and after the intervention. Results: Before consuming dark chocolate, the majority of respondents experienced moderate pain (76.7%) and severe pain (16.7%). After the intervention, a significant reduction in pain level occurred, with 90% of respondents falling into the mild pain category and no respondents experiencing severe pain. The mean pain level decreased from 2.07 to 1.20 with a p-value = 0.000. Conclusion: The administration of dark chocolate has a significant effect on reducing the level of dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents at Puskesmas Ibu.

Sleep disturbances are a common complaint among perimenopausal women due to hormonal, psychological, and physiological changes, which impact their health and quality of life. Safe and easy-to-apply non-pharmacological approaches, such as lemongrass aromatherapy (Cymbopogon citratus), have the potential to be a supportive alternative in overcoming sleep disturbances during this phase. However, empirical evidence regarding the effect of lemongrass aromatherapy on the sleep quality of perimenopausal women is still limited, especially in the context of primary health care in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of lemongrass aromatherapy on the sleep quality of perimenopausal women. This study used a quantitative approach with a one-group pretest–posttest pre-experimental design. The sample consisted of 30 perimenopausal women selected using total sampling technique in the working area of Pustu Paring Lahung UPT Tumpung Laung. The intervention in the form of lemongrass aromatherapy through inhalation was carried out regularly before bedtime. Sleep quality was measured before and after the intervention using a standardized questionnaire. Data analysis was performed descriptively and bivariately using Fisher's Exact Test. Descriptively, there was an improvement in sleep quality after the administration of lemongrass aromatherapy, marked by a decrease in the proportion of poor sleep quality and an increase in good sleep quality. However, the statistical test results showed that the relationship between sleep quality before and after treatment was not statistically significant (p = 0.515). Lemongrass aromatherapy showed a tendency toward clinically significant improvement in sleep quality, but this was not statistically significant. Further research with a stronger design and longer intervention duration is needed to confirm the effectiveness of lemongrass aromatherapy on the sleep quality of perimenopausal women.

This study explores how Eric Carle’s children’s storybook The Very Hungry Caterpillar creates depth in its narrative through visual components and tactile elements despite its limited text. Using a multimodal analysis approach, this study highlights the texture of the collage, the use of symbolic colors, and the die-cut holes as elements that can be felt. The results of this study show that the physical design of this book is not merely decorative, but functions as a key narrative guide that helps children understand the concepts of growth and change independently. The die-cut holes have a specific role as a physical symbol of hunger, allowing young readers to interact directly with the story. The combination of the book’s materials and visual storytelling has proven to transcend language barriers, making it an effective literacy tool for beginner readers. This research confirms that visual storytelling intertwined with the physical form of a book can convey complex philosophical themes more effectively than narratives composed solely of dense text. The success of this book confirms that tactile and visual elements are important literary tools in the world of children’s literature.

This research examines the behavior of local communities in Teluk Bakau, Bintan, in managing marine resources through the practice of nesting, which represents an important form of local wisdom that has been passed down through generations. The background of this research is the increasing challenges faced by Indonesia's coastal areas, including marine pollution, environmental degradation, and the impacts of climate change on coastal ecosystems. The aim of the study was to understand community behavior patterns in nesting activities and to analyze their impact on the sustainability of the marine ecosystem. The methods used included structured observations supported by purposive and random sampling techniques to obtain representative data. The results showed that the community conducts nesting activities during low tides; however, yields have decreased due to pollution and unstable market prices. In addition, community knowledge regarding the ecological benefits of seagrass ecosystems remains limited. The conclusions emphasize the importance of education programs and sustainable marine resource management to enhance environmental awareness and improve the welfare of local communities.

This study aims to describe the application of role-playing techniques in group guidance to improve self-confidence in adolescents at Rantepao Christian High School. A descriptive qualitative approach was used with eight eleventh-grade students with low self-confidence, identified through initial observations and interviews. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation during eight group guidance sessions, and documentation such as student reflection journals. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that role-playing techniques were effective in improving students' self-confidence, as evidenced by increased active participation, group speaking skills, and positive self-expression post-intervention. Students were initially hesitant and shy, but after role-playing in social scenarios such as presentations and peer interactions, they showed significant behavioral changes. Supporting factors included a supportive group atmosphere and positive feedback from counselors and peers. This study contributes to guidance and counseling practices in Christian schools, emphasizing the importance of experiential methods such as role-playing for adolescents in the North Toraja community. Practical implications are recommended for guidance and counseling teachers to integrate this technique into student self-development programs.

The third trimester of pregnancy is a challenging period since pregnant women experience various physical and psychological changes that can affect their readiness for childbirth. High anxiety levels and the presence of pregnancy complications are known to reduce maternal preparedness for labor. This study aims to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and pregnancy complications with the readiness of third trimester pregnant women in facing childbirth in the working area of Benteng Community Health Center, Selayar Islands Regency. This research used a quantitative approach with a correlational design and a cross-sectional method. The population consisted of all third trimester pregnant women, with a total sample of 86 respondents selected using purposive sampling. The research instruments included an anxiety questionnaire using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), a pregnancy complication checklist, and a childbirth readiness questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and multiple logistic regression at a significance level of α = 0.05. The results of the study showed no significant relationship between anxiety and readiness for childbirth (p < 0.550) or between pregnancy complications and readiness for childbirth (p < 0.690). Therefore, it can be concluded that anxiety and pregnancy complications are not significantly related to the readiness of pregnant women in the third trimester for childbirth. This indicates that maternal readiness is influenced by factors other than the variables studied, such as knowledge, family support, and previous childbirth experiences.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in the regional economy, including in Boyolali Regency. However, this contribution has not been fully matched by adequate human resources (HR). The main problem in this study is the still low capacity of MSMEs' human resources, particularly in aspects of managerial skills, digital literacy, and adaptability to changes in the business environment, which impact business performance. This study aims to analyze human resource development strategies implemented in the MSME context and examine the impact of these strategies on improving MSME performance in Boyolali Regency. The research method used is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a content analysis approach to relevant scientific literature from the past five years. The research process includes determining inclusion and exclusion criteria, searching for literature sources, thematic coding, and synthesizing research findings. The results show that effective HR development strategies can be grouped into three main aspects: skills training, marketing digitalization, and cross-sector collaboration. These three strategies have been proven to contribute positively to improving MSME competency, operational efficiency, market expansion, and business competitiveness. Thus, human resource development is a key factor in driving sustainable improvement in MSME performance, particularly in facing the challenges of digital transformation and increasingly complex economic competition.

This article aims to analyze the role of human resource management in improving organizational performance and formulate strategic recommendations based on improvements in human resource management practices. The theoretical foundations used include strategic human resource management theory, organizational performance theory, and work motivation theory, which are used to examine the functions of workforce planning, competency development, performance appraisal, and reward systems. This study employed a qualitative, descriptive-analytical approach, with data collection techniques including in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive qualitative analysis model that encompasses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The analysis results indicate that workforce planning based on organizational needs, continuous competency development, an objective performance appraisal system, and a performance-based reward system are directly related to increased effectiveness, productivity, and stability of organizational performance. Furthermore, efforts to improve human resource management practices through policy evaluation, strengthening strategic planning, enhancing internal communication, and data-driven decision-making have proven to be a strong foundation for formulating strategic recommendations for the organization. The study's conclusions confirm that the systematic and strategic integration of human resource management functions is a key factor in achieving sustainable organizational performance and adapting to changes in the work environment.

This study discusses the position of persons with disabilities, especially those with mental and intellectual disabilities, in carrying out legal actions following the judicial review of Article 433 of the Civil Code through the Constitutional Court Decision Number 93/PUU-XX/2022. Prior to this amendment, Article 433 of the Civil Code used discriminatory terms and automatically placed persons with disabilities under guardianship, thereby eliminating their legal capacity as independent legal subjects. This Constitutional Court decision changed the phrase "must be guarded" to "can be guarded" and emphasized that the placement of guardianship can only be made based on a competent medical diagnosis. The research method used is normative juridical through a statutory approach and court decisions. The results of the study show that the change in norms restores the constitutional rights of persons with disabilities, including the right to autonomy, equality before the law, and protection from discrimination. In addition, this change directly affects the requirements for capacity in making agreements according to Article 1320 of the Civil Code, so that persons with mental disabilities who have the capacity are still considered capable of acting. Therefore, this decision is an important step in realizing a legal system that is more inclusive, just and respects the dignity of people with disabilities.

This research is motivated by the importance of financial management, especially financial accounting, as the key to company sustainability, however, it was found that CV. Rensa Wallpaper, although it has made financial reports (Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Statement), its implementation is not in accordance with SAK ETAP and there is no urgency to make other reports (such as equity change reports and cash flow reports). The type of research used is a case study research using a qualitative method, namely a method that collects, compiles, interprets, and analyzes data to solve the problems faced. While the research approach used is a descriptive approach. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Overall, the results of the study indicate that although CV. Rensa Wallpaper carries out financial management that includes four basic elements (Planning, Organizing, Directing, and Controlling), the implementation of its financial reporting is still incomplete and not fully in accordance with SAK ETAP due to the incompleteness of the reports presented (there is no Statement of Changes in Equity and Cash Flow Statement) and the existence of account items that are not presented in the Balance Sheet.

Rainfall is a crucial factor in the stability of the Earth's ecosystem and has a significant impact on agriculture, forestry, energy, and water management. However, increasingly unstable climate change makes rainfall patterns difficult to predict accurately using traditional methods. The city of Medan, the capital of North Sumatra Province, has a tropical rainforest climate with an average annual rainfall of approximately ±2200 mm and an average temperature of 27°C. Significant weather fluctuations in this area can trigger flooding when rainfall increases and cause water shortages when rainfall decreases (BMKG, 2021). Therefore, a prediction approach that can manage non-linear and dynamic data is needed. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are one of the reliable machine learning methods for detecting data patterns. By using the backpropagation algorithm, the model can gradually reduce prediction errors, making it widely used in weather forecasting applications. In this regard, this study uses ANN with the backpropagation method to forecast monthly rainfall in Medan City by utilizing data from 2022–2024 as training and testing data.

Indonesian Migrant Workers (PMI) face the problem of stigmatization and negative image that has been rooted in public perception for several decades, where the social construction of TKI is dominated by narratives of exploitation, violence, and victimization reinforced by conventional mass media coverage. The phenomenon of TKI emerging as content creators on the TikTok platform opens new opportunities for migrant workers to represent themselves independently and build personal Branding that has the potential to reconstruct their image in public perception. This study aims to analyze the personal Branding strategies of TKI content creators on TikTok, measure the engagement patterns and reach of the content produced, and evaluate the transformation of public perception toward Indonesian migrant workers as an implication of these digital communication practices. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study design to explore the process of image reconstruction through personal Branding on the TikTok platform. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with five TKI content creators who have followers ranging from 750 thousand to 2.3 million, interviews with 50 active followers, and interviews with two digital communication experts. The research findings show that TKI content creators implement personal Branding strategies through content authenticity, narrative consistency, and positioning differentiation with engagement rates. Public perception changed significantly with a decrease in negative perception from 68 percent to 18 percent and an increase in positive perception from 10 percent to 55 percent within an exposure period of more than 12 months. Image reconstruction occurs through three mechanisms: humanization that displays the human side of TKI, normalization that elevates the profession as work worthy of respect, and inspiration that demonstrates their positive achievements. This study recommends that the government and related stakeholders support digital literacy for migrant workers to optimize social media platforms as a means of empowerment, as well as promote policies that protect and appreciate the contribution of TKI as an integral part of national economic development.

In Surabaya City, the City Government through the Transportation Agency developed the Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi programs to address traffic congestion, limited public transportation, and the need for safe, comfortable, and environmentally friendly transportation. However, complaints are still found regarding limited facilities, irregular schedules, and suboptimal communication services, so that service performance evaluation is needed from the user's perspective. This study aims to analyze the performance of Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi public transportation services at the Surabaya City Transportation Agency using five public service performance indicators according to Dwiyanto et al. (2021), namely productivity, service quality, responsiveness, responsibility, and accountability. The approach used is quantitative with the Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method. The results of the study show an average expectation score (importance) of 4.18 and a reality score (performance) of 3.86 with an overall gap of -0.32, which means that the performance of Suroboyo Bus and Trans Semanggi services still does not meet public expectations. Through the IPA mapping, three attributes are in Quadrant I (high priority): the friendly and professional attitude of staff, the adequacy of on-board facilities, and the transparency of official information regarding schedules and service changes. A total of 13 attributes are in Quadrant II (maintained), 13 attributes in Quadrant III (low priority), and one attribute in Quadrant IV (excessive).

This study analyzes the economic dynamics and development of the tourism sector in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) Province during the 2015–2024 period. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Data analysis is carried out through descriptive statistical methods and trend analysis to capture changes and patterns over time. The variables examined include regional economic growth, the number of tourist visits, road infrastructure development, labor absorption, and hotel occupancy rates across five districts/cities in the province. The findings indicate that the economy of DIY demonstrates relatively strong resilience in the post-COVID-19 pandemic period, supported by gradual recovery in tourism-related activities. The development and operation of Yogyakarta International Airport have significantly contributed to economic growth in Kulon Progo Regency, particularly by improving accessibility and investment opportunities. The tourism sector continues to serve as the main economic driver in the region, with tourist visits largely concentrated in Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta City, while Gunungkidul Regency shows considerable potential for nature-based tourism development. Overall, the study concludes that equitable infrastructure development and the strengthening of the service sector are crucial to ensuring sustainable and inclusive economic growth in the Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Malpractice in dental health services has become a complex legal issue as public awareness of service quality and patient rights continues to increase. The enactment of Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health introduces important changes in regulating the legal accountability of medical personnel, including dentists, particularly in relation to criminal liability for malpractice. This study analyzes the forms of dental malpractice and the criminal responsibility of dentists under the new Health Law. The research uses an empirical legal method with sociological and statutory approaches. Data were obtained through interviews and a review of relevant legislation, legal doctrines, and court decisions. The results show that dental malpractice can arise from negligence, failure to comply with professional standards, violations of standard operating procedures, and the absence or disregard of informed consent. Law Number 17 of 2023 stipulates that criminal liability for dentists can only be applied after a recommendation from the Professional Discipline Board, ensuring a clear distinction between inherent medical risks and professional misconduct. This framework is designed to provide balanced legal protection for both patients and dentists while strengthening legal certainty in malpractice case resolution. Consequently, dentists must understand professional standards and criminal liability mechanisms to practice responsibly and professionally.

Rapid global environmental changes, especially due to advances in technology and information, have had a significant impact on various sectors of life, including the health sector. In the context of modern health services, hospitals are no longer just places of healing, but also institutions that are required to provide high-quality services, based on patient safety, and are able to adapt to the dynamics of community needs. This change requires a transformation in human resource management, especially related to the interpersonal and psychosocial competencies of nurses as the spearhead of medical services.Purposes:​ to analyze the effect of effective communication and Assertive Attitude on Nurses' Work Productivity in hospitals, with Work Fatigue as a mediating variable.Methods: This type of research is quantitative, using statistical figures to measure the influence of independent variables on dependent variables. The research design is a cross-sectional study.Results: The results of this study indicate that effective communication, assertiveness, and job fatigue collectively significantly influence nurses' work productivity. Communication and assertiveness positively contribute to job fatigue, which in turn affects productivity. Job fatigue is also shown to be a significant mediator in the relationship between communication and assertiveness on work productivity .Conclusion : The importance of strengthening effective communication as a strategy to increase productivity. Organizations need to design communication systems that support openness, transparency, and clarity of information and culture-based assertiveness training, so that employees can express their opinions appropriately without causing resistance in the team.

In demographic studies, population growth refers to changes in the number of inhabitants over a given period, measured by calculating numerical differences in population size and expressing them within specific time units to illustrate patterns of increase or decline. Based on data from Tembalang District in Figures 2025, the population growth rate in Kedungmundu Village rose by 0.51% between 2016 and 2025, with most residents relying on clean water services provided by PDAM Tirta Moedal as their primary source of drinking water. This study aims to estimate clean water demand based on projected population growth and to design a pipeline network system capable of meeting future needs. The analysis of water demand applies population projection methods, including arithmetic, geometric, and least square approaches, to compare their levels of accuracy, while the clean water distribution network is modeled using EPANET 2.0. One of the main challenges faced by PDAM is that service coverage has not yet been fully optimized. The ten-year projection results indicate that the arithmetic method provides a correlation value closest to 1, estimating a future population of 14,904 people with a total clean water requirement of 3.48 liters per second. To support this projected demand, the proposed network design utilizes High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) pipes with diameters of 12, 10, and 8 inches to ensure efficient and sustainable water distribution.

Arrhythmias are generally classified into two groups: disorders of impulse formation and disorders of impulse conduction. Cardiac arrhythmias can also be categorized into three main types: supraventricular arrhythmias, ventricular arrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmias. One of the most commonly encountered arrhythmias in clinical practice is Atrial fibrillation. This study employed a case study method using a nursing process approach. The subjects consisted of two patients: Mrs. S, a 74-year-old female, and Mr. R, a 44-year-old male. The nursing intervention administered was antiarrhythmic therapy using intravenous digoxin. Evaluation was conducted by monitoring the patients’ heart rate and cardiac rhythm using an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor. The results of the case studies in both patients showed that digoxin therapy produced a positive therapeutic response, as evidenced by a gradual reduction in heart rate. However, ECG monitoring revealed no significant changes in cardiac rhythm. These findings suggest that digoxin is effective for rate control, although it does not restore sinus rhythm.