Penerapan Jaringan Saraf Tiruan dengan Metode Backpropagation untuk Memprediksi Curah Hujan di Kota Medan

Rainfall is a crucial factor in the stability of the Earth's ecosystem and has a significant impact on agriculture, forestry, energy, and water management. However, increasingly unstable climate change makes rainfall patterns difficult to predict accurately using traditional methods. The city of Medan, the capital of North Sumatra Province, has a tropical rainforest climate with an average annual rainfall of approximately ±2200 mm and an average temperature of 27°C. Significant weather fluctuations in this area can trigger flooding when rainfall increases and cause water shortages when rainfall decreases (BMKG, 2021). Therefore, a prediction approach that can manage non-linear and dynamic data is needed. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are one of the reliable machine learning methods for detecting data patterns. By using the backpropagation algorithm, the model can gradually reduce prediction errors, making it widely used in weather forecasting applications. In this regard, this study uses ANN with the backpropagation method to forecast monthly rainfall in Medan City by utilizing data from 2022–2024 as training and testing data.