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This study aims to analyze in depth the influence of business legality on the growth and increased competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Business legality is seen as a crucial foundation in strengthening the position of MSMEs in the market, as it not only provides legal certainty but also fosters consumer trust in the quality of the products offered. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques such as field observations, in-depth interviews with business actors, and relevant documentation studies. The results show an increase in public awareness of the importance of having business legality, as evidenced by the increasing number of MSMEs officially registering their business permits. Furthermore, legality has been proven to increase the credibility of MSMEs, expand market access, facilitate collaboration with the private sector and government agencies, and open up opportunities for obtaining capital support. A significant increase in consumer trust is also evident, as MSME products with legality are more easily accepted and marketed through various distribution channels. Thus, this study confirms that business legality is not merely an administrative requirement, but rather a strategy that can encourage sustainable business growth and increase competitiveness at the local and national levels. In conclusion, the synergy between MSMEs and the government is the main key in encouraging the creation of a healthy, transparent, and highly competitive business ecosystem.

Research on stock splits has been widely conducted in Indonesia and internationally, as stock splits are considered an important corporate action that can influence investor perception and stock performance. However, the motivations and consequences of stock splits remain diverse, ranging from efforts to increase stock liquidity, adjust market price ranges, attract new investors, or signal positive corporate prospects. This study aims to empirically reanalyze the effect of stock splits on trading volume and stock prices of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2022–2024 period. Specifically, the research investigates whether significant differences exist between trading activities and stock price levels before and after the stock split event. The data used in this study are historical in nature, consisting of stock split announcements, daily trading volume, and stock price movements surrounding the event period. To test the hypotheses, this research employs both the paired-sample t-test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test as statistical tools. These tests are appropriate because they allow for the comparison of two related samples, namely the stock performance indicators before and after the split. The selection between the two methods depends on the distribution of the data, where the paired t-test is used if the data is normally distributed, while the Wilcoxon test is applied if the normality assumption is not met. This study is categorized as moderate TKT (Technology Readiness Level 4–6) because it uses secondary historical data and focuses on empirical statistical analysis rather than experimental or simulation-based approaches. By examining stock split events within the specified period, this research contributes to the understanding of whether stock splits in Indonesia are primarily cosmetic in nature or if they generate real economic impacts on liquidity and stock valuation. The findings are expected to provide useful insights for investors, market analysts, and policymakers in assessing the relevance and effectiveness of stock splits as a corporate strategy.

The proliferation of fake news across digital platforms has raised critical concerns about information reliability. A notable example is the viral rumour falsely claiming that the Nigerian Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Nyesom Wike, had collapsed at an event and was rushed to an undisclosed hospital an entirely fabricated claim that caused public confusion. While both traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches have been explored for automated fake news detection, many existing models have been limited to topic-specific datasets and often suffer from overfitting, especially on smaller datasets like ISOT. This study addresses these challenges by proposing a standalone Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model for fake news classification using the ISOT dataset. Unlike multi-modal frameworks such as the MM-FND model by state-of-the-art model, which achieved 96.3% accuracy, the proposed BiLSTM model achieved superior results with 98.98% accuracy, 98.22% precision, 99.65% recall, and a 98.93% F1-score. The model demonstrated balanced classification across both fake and real news and exhibited strong generalization capabilities. However, training and validation performance plots revealed signs of overfitting after epoch 2, suggesting the need for regularization in future work. This study contributes to the growing body of research on fake news detection by showcasing the efficacy of a focused, sequential deep learning model over more complex architectures, offering a practical, scalable, and robust solution to misinformation detection

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a strategic role in supporting regional economic growth, job creation, and equitable distribution of community welfare. In Cilegon City, MSMEs are growing rapidly in various sectors, but still face a number of fundamental challenges. The main problems faced include limited access to capital, low utilization of digital technology in business activities, limited managerial capacity, and less than optimal regulatory support oriented towards strengthening MSMEs. These conditions cause the competitiveness of MSMEs to be relatively weak compared to the large business sector, so that their contribution to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Cilegon City is not optimal. This study aims to analyze policy strategies that can support the development of MSMEs in Cilegon City through a descriptive qualitative approach. The method used is a literature study and policy analysis by examining regulations, local government policies, and relevant previous research results. The analysis results show that there are several strategies that can be implemented, including: strengthening regulations and policies that favor MSMEs, expanding access to financing through collaboration with financial and banking institutions, developing human resource capacity through entrepreneurship and business management training, utilizing digital technology to expand market access, and building synergies between local governments, the private sector, and other supporting institutions. The implementation of these strategies is expected to increase the competitiveness of MSMEs, expand marketing networks, and encourage MSMEs to be more adaptive to technological developments and market needs. Thus, MSMEs in Cilegon City can make a more significant contribution to regional economic growth, create new jobs, and support sustainable economic development.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Total Asset Turnover (TATO) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on stock prices at PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk for the period 2014 to 2023. This research uses a quantitative approach with an associative type of research. The data used is secondary data obtained from the company's annual financial statements and the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression, preceded by classical assumption tests to validate the model. The results show that partially, DER has a significant effect on stock prices, while TATO does not have a significant effect. However, simultaneously, both TATO and DER have a significant influence on stock prices. This indicates that the company’s capital structure plays an important role in influencing stock value in the capital market. Therefore, it is recommended that company management be more prudent in managing debt and improving asset utilization efficiency to attract investors and maintain the company’s stock price stability in the market.

This study also highlights the importance of education and training for farmers to improve their technical skills in farming and managing their farms. Training in the use of modern agricultural technologies, such as automated fertilizing tools and efficient irrigation systems, can help farmers reduce production costs and increase yields. Furthermore, training in digital marketing can help farmers market their products more effectively through online platforms, reducing reliance on intermediaries and increasing profit margins. Furthermore, it is crucial for the government to provide support in the form of extension services and easy access to business capital. More accessible capital will enable farmers to invest in more efficient equipment and more environmentally friendly organic fertilizers. Targeted microcredit distribution to farmer groups can also accelerate the adoption of new, more productive agricultural technologies. The adoption of sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices should be a long-term focus to ensure the registration of shallot farming businesses. Farmers need to be incentivized to use organic fertilizers and natural pesticides that are safer for the soil and air. Furthermore, the implementation of integrated and environmentally friendly farming systems such as agroforestry can also be an alternative to increase agricultural yields without damaging the environment. With improvements in education, training, access to capital, and the adoption of more efficient technology, shallot farming in Pasir Village can develop better and become more sustainable in the future. Furthermore, collaboration between farmer groups and local research institutions and universities can also be key to introducing new agricultural innovations.

The rapid development of the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia presents both an opportunity and a challenge in increasing company value amidst the dynamics of an increasingly digital and competitive capital market. This phenomenon demonstrates that strong operational performance does not always translate into high market value, making it crucial to identify internal factors that influence company value, particularly in the pharmaceutical subsector, which plays a strategic role in Indonesia.This research aims to analyze the effect of Working Capital Turnover, Cash Turnover, Liquidity, and Profit Growth on Company Value in pharmaceutical companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2021-2024 period. The research method used was quantitative with an explanatory approach. The sampling technique used total sampling, with a sample size of 10 companies. Secondary data, in the form of financial statements, were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.The results indicate that only Cash Turnover significantly impacts company value, with a negative effect, while Working Capital Turnover, Liquidity, and Profit Growth do not. These findings suggest that efficient working capital management and consistent profit growth play a crucial role in increasing the value of pharmaceutical companies. This research is expected to be a reference for management in strategic decision making and for academics for further research.  

This study aims to analyze the influence of liquidity, leverage, profitability, and company size on the share prices of companies that are members of the Investor33 index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019–2023 period. This study uses a quantitative approach with purposive sampling techniques, so that 17 companies out of a total of 46 companies that meet the criteria are obtained. The data used is secondary data in the form of annual financial statements obtained from the IDX's official website. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression with the help of the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) software version 25. The results of the analysis show that the leverage and profitability variables have a significant effect on the stock price, which indicates that the company's capital structure and ability to generate profits are important factors in the investor's assessment. In contrast, the liquidity variables and company size do not show a significant influence on the stock price, which means that the company's ability to meet short-term obligations and operational scale are not the main determinants in the formation of the stock price on the index. These findings provide implications for investors and company management to pay more attention to profitability and leverage aspects in financial strategies and investment decision-making. This research can also be a reference for further studies related to the analysis of financial ratios and capital market dynamics in Indonesia.

Collaboration between students and the community is a crucial strategy in village empowerment to achieve sustainable development. This study aims to describe the forms of student-community collaboration in educational programs, environmental actions, and the commemoration of the 80th Indonesian Independence Day in West Ambarawa Village, Pringsewu Regency. The method used was descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation during program implementation. The results indicate that educational activities, including campus outreach, prevention of immorality, anti-bullying, and early childhood education (PAUD) mentoring, increased educational awareness and social literacy. Environmental actions such as mutual cooperation (gotong royong) and mosque revitalization successfully strengthened the values of mutual cooperation and environmental cleanliness. Furthermore, QRIS socialization positively impacted the digital literacy of MSMEs, while local tourism promotion increased the village's tourism potential. The commemoration of the 80th Indonesian Independence Day served as a platform for strengthening social capital and community togetherness. Despite challenges such as limited time and participation, this collaboration significantly contributed to strengthening community capacity. Further recommendations include ongoing mentoring, infrastructure support, and strengthening the role of youth to ensure the program's sustainability.

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), employment, and national food security. Conventional financing is often poorly suited to the unique characteristics of the agricultural sector, prompting the exploration of more adaptive alternatives. Islamic banking, with its principles of fairness and risk-sharing, offers innovative financing solutions. One such contract with significant potential but underutilized is the Salam contract, a purchase-and-sell contract where payment is made upfront and goods are delivered at a later date. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of the Salam contract in depth, identify challenges and opportunities in its implementation in the Islamic agricultural sector, and formulate strategies for optimizing its application. Using a qualitative descriptive research method based on literature review and comparative analysis, this article finds that the Salam contract offers an effective financing solution for farmers' working capital needs, price risk mitigation for farmers, and supply security for buyers. Key challenges include the risk of crop failure, quality risk, moral hazard risk, and limited supporting infrastructure and market understanding. Optimizing the Salam contract can be achieved through the development of innovative contract models, strengthening risk management through takaful instrumentation, utilizing digital technology, improving Islamic financial literacy, and collaboration between stakeholders. The implications of this research are expected to provide practical guidance for Islamic financial institutions, farmers, and policymakers to create a more inclusive and sustainable Islamic agricultural financing ecosystem. With the right approach, the Salam contract has the potential to become a key instrument in Islamic agricultural financing. Its widespread implementation can drive the transformation of the agricultural sector toward a more productive and equitable direction. Sustainable efforts are needed to ensure its effective implementation in the field.

The Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) play a strategic role in enhancing the village economy by utilizing the potential within the village. One of the main challenges faced by BUMDes is the issue of capital, which affects the ability of businesses to grow and achieve their shared goals. This study aims to analyze the effect of emotional bias on investment decisions with reward-based investment balance as a mediating variable. This study used a sample of 108 BUMDes scattered across six regions in Central Java. The sampling method employed was a combination of purposive sampling and cluster sampling, where the selected BUMDes represent specific regions and involve investors from the community or community groups. Data were collected from BUMDes in six regions (administrative areas) in Central Java. The analysis tools used in this study include simple regression, multiple regression, and the Sobel test for mediation, supported by normality tests, classical deviation tests, and coefficient of determination. The results showed that emotional bias significantly affected the investment decisions of the community (t = 3.034; sig = 0.000) and also influenced the reward-based investment balance (t = 4.256; sig = 0.000). Additionally, the reward-based investment balance variable was proven to have a direct impact on investment decisions (t = 3.190; sig = 0.000). This study also found that the reward-based investment balance variable partially mediates the effect of emotional bias on investment decisions, meaning that this effect can still be mediated by other variables. The Sobel test indicated a significant result (t = 3.104; sig = 0.000), showing that the effect of emotional bias on investment decisions can be mediated through reward-based investment balance.

Anime has become a significant global phenomenon, including in Indonesia, where this culture has influenced various aspects of society. This article explores the impact of anime visual style in YouTube advertisements in Indonesia. The influence of anime on Indonesian society is also evident in the consumption trends of products related to Japanese culture. The involvement of Indonesian society with anime has also encouraged the emergence of various businesses and products that capitalize on the popularity of this culture. This study focuses on exploring the impact of anime visual style on consumer responses in the context of advertising through YouTube social media in Indonesia. The researcher will analyze how the use of anime elements in advertisements can influence consumer perceptions, whether through nostalgia, enjoyment, or aesthetic aspects, as well as how marketing strategies can be adjusted to maximize this effect. The research method uses content analysis of social media comments as research data. Three advertising samples were selected to represent the study. The results of the analysis show that the use of anime elements in advertisements for Pop Mie, McDonald's, and Pocari Sweat successfully attracted attention and created positive responses from consumers. The high quality of the animation and the use of anime visual styles created a strong emotional appeal, even influencing consumer behavior such as product preferences and interest in brands. In conclusion, the use of anime visual styles in Pop Mie, McDonald's, and Pocari Sweat advertisements demonstrates the success of a marketing strategy that utilizes the popularity of anime to attract attention and create emotional engagement. and influencing consumer behavior in Indonesia, as well as opening opportunities for more local anime production and strengthening positive brand image. This advertisement is not only an effective marketing tool, but also opens up opportunities for more local anime production and supports a positive brand image.

This study analyzes the application of the compound interest concept in evaluating capital growth among vegetable vendors at the MMTC Traditional Market in Medan, North Sumatra. The research highlights the low level of financial literacy among micro-entrepreneurs in Indonesia, which currently stands at only 38.03%, and its implications for business sustainability. Traditional market traders generally employ basic bookkeeping practices focused solely on daily cash flow, without considering the time value of money or the growth potential from systematic profit reinvestment. Using a mixed-methods approach, this study combines semi-structured interviews to explore existing financial management practices with quantitative modeling based on the discrete compound interest formula to simulate various capital growth scenarios. The analysis reveals that disciplined reinvestment strategies, even when initiated with modest capital and conservative growth rates, can lead to substantial capital accumulation within three to five years. Three primary barriers to capital growth were identified: limited understanding of financial mathematics, lack of long-term planning, and a tendency to prioritize immediate consumption over investment. This research underscores the transformative potential of compound interest principles for micro-enterprise development and recommends practical financial literacy training along with supportive financial ecosystems that encourage sustainable reinvestment practices.

This study aims to analyze the winning strategy of Maria Caecilia Stevi Harman in the 2024 election of members of the Regional Representative Council (DPD) of the Republic of Indonesia in East Nusa Tenggara Province (NTT). As a newcomer and female politician, Stevi Harman managed to win the most votes, outperforming the incumbent candidates. The main focus of the research is to examine how it mobilizes the masses and builds effective political machines in local contexts. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection methods through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that Stevi Harman's winning strategy consists of four main steps: mission formulation, sub-strategy, goals, and target image. The practical strategies implemented include a direct and personal approach to voters, as well as the use of social media as a political communication tool. The success of the campaign was supported by Stevi's identity as a doctor, a politician's family background, and an authentic self-image that was close to the community. This research highlights the importance of adaptive communication strategies, the use of personal identity as political capital, and a relationship-based approach in winning voter votes. These findings contribute to the study of contemporary political strategies, especially in the context of non-partisan but competitive DPD member elections.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are an essential pillar of the Indonesian economy, contributing significantly to employment creation, poverty reduction, and income distribution. However, despite their substantial role, MSMEs continue to face a number of persistent challenges, including limited access to capital, low levels of financial literacy, and inadequate utilization of technology. These barriers hinder their ability to grow, compete, and adapt to rapid economic changes. This study aims to explore and analyze the role of Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs) in empowering MSMEs within the framework of Sharia principles. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this research is based on a comprehensive literature review of scholarly articles, official reports, and other relevant academic sources. The findings reveal that IFIs provide both financial and social contributions to MSMEs. Financially, IFIs channel funds through Sharia-compliant contracts such as mudharabah and murabahah, which allow entrepreneurs to access financing without relying on conventional interest-based systems. Socially, IFIs carry out a redistributive role by managing and disbursing zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and waqf (ZISWAF), while also offering entrepreneurship training, mentoring, and technical assistance. These functions collectively enhance MSMEs’ access to capital, strengthen their managerial and operational capacities, and increase competitiveness in both domestic and global markets. Nevertheless, several challenges remain, including the uneven geographical distribution of IFI services, slow adoption of digital technology, and the need for more supportive regulatory frameworks. Strengthening IFIs’ role through policy integration, technological innovation, and collaboration with government and private sectors is essential for maximizing their impact on MSME empowerment. Thus, IFIs not only act as financial intermediaries but also as socio-economic catalysts that support sustainable and inclusive economic development in Indonesia.

This study investigates the genealogy of multisectoral social conflict and cultural disintegration in Bima Regency by examining the interplay of political, economic, socio-cultural, and geospatial determinants. Using a qualitative exploratory-critical method, the research employs content analysis, critical discourse analysis, and spatial conflict mapping based on secondary data from government reports, academic literature, and civil society documentation. The results reveal that social conflict in Bima is not simply driven by unequal access to political and economic resources, but also by structural exclusion, historical marginalization, and the erosion of traditional social values caused by uneven modernization and weak institutional performance. Politically, civil servant bias, the persistence of patronage networks, and minimal civic engagement weaken state legitimacy, public trust, and accountability. Economically, the unequal distribution of natural resources, selective access to government assistance, limited economic diversification, and unresolved agrarian disputes intensify socio-economic inequalities and rural discontent. From a geospatial perspective, the contestation over land, identity, ecological zones, and environmental resources reflects the failure of inclusive and participatory spatial development planning. The study emphasizes that the conflict is systemic, complex, and institutionalized, calling for integrated cross-sectoral policies, inclusive political reforms, and spatially participatory strategies. It advocates for institutional reform, the revitalization of local wisdom and social capital, and the reconstruction of a shared cultural identity to restore long-term social cohesion and resilience. In the context of post-decentralization Indonesia, addressing such deep-rooted, chronic conflicts requires not only strategic policy reorientation but also the empowerment of local communities to play meaningful and active roles in planning, governance, and sustainable development processes. Sustainable peace in Bima hinges on a genuine commitment to social justice, inclusive governance, ecological balance, and the preservation of cultural diversity.

This study aims to analyze the effect of Quick Ratio (QR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on Return on Assets (ROA), both partially and simultaneously, at PT X during the period 2014–2023. The background of this study is based on the importance of liquidity and capital structure in influencing a company's ability to generate profits. QR is used as an indicator of company liquidity, while DER reflects the proportion of debt usage in the capital structure. ROA is chosen as a measure of profitability because it illustrates the company's effectiveness in utilizing total assets to generate profits. The research method used is a quantitative method. The study population consists of all annual financial reports of PT X, with samples in the form of financial position reports and income statements from 2014 to 2023. Data analysis was carried out through several stages, namely descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, coefficient of determination tests, multiple linear regression, and hypothesis testing to examine the relationship between variables. The results of the study indicate that partially the Quick Ratio has no significant effect on Return on Assets, with a calculated t value of 1.409 smaller than the t table of 2.365 and a significance value of 0.199 which is greater than 0.05. This finding indicates that the company's liquidity level has not been able to directly increase profitability. Furthermore, the Debt to Equity Ratio is also proven to have no significant effect on Return on Assets. This is indicated by a calculated t value of -2.299 which is smaller than the t table of 2.365 and a significance value of 0.055, still above the 0.05 limit. Thus, the company's capital structure through DER does not have a significant partial contribution to ROA.

This study aims to analyze and determine how managerial ownership, firm size, leverage, and capital structure affect financial performance in insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2022. The study focused on 15 companies that met the sample criteria and were deemed representative of the Indonesian insurance industry during that period. The data used in this study were sourced from officially published company financial reports. Furthermore, the data was processed using Microsoft Excel 2018 and SPSS version 25 software to ensure accurate analysis results. The analysis method used was multiple linear regression, as it is considered appropriate for testing the influence of more than one independent variable on the dependent variable. This approach allows the researchers to identify whether each independent variable has a significant effect on financial performance when tested simultaneously. The results showed consistent findings across all variables. First, managerial ownership has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. This indicates that the higher the managerial ownership, the better the alignment of interests between managers and shareholders, leading to improved financial outcomes. Second, company size also has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, meaning the larger the company, the better the performance. Furthermore, leverage has been shown to have a positive and significant effect on financial performance. This suggests that optimal use of debt can enhance company performance by providing additional resources for growth. Finally, capital structure also has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, indicating that the right combination of debt and equity can increase company value. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of financial and managerial decisions in shaping the performance of insurance companies in Indonesia during the observed period.

This study investigates the influence of economic growth, investment, and minimum wage on the open unemployment rate across districts and cities in East Kalimantan Province. The research employs a quantitative descriptive approach with panel data regression analysis, processed using EViews 13 software. Model selection was carried out through the Chow and Hausman tests, which identified the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the most appropriate estimation technique. The study utilizes secondary data from 2018 to 2024, obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the Investment and One-Stop Integrated Service Office of East Kalimantan Province. The empirical findings demonstrate that economic growth exerts a negative and statistically significant impact on the open unemployment rate, indicating that higher economic growth effectively contributes to reducing unemployment in the region. Foreign Investment (PMA) is found to have a negative but insignificant effect, suggesting that inflows of foreign capital alone do not directly translate into job creation unless accompanied by supporting policies and local labor absorption capacity. In contrast, Domestic Investment (PMDN) shows a positive yet statistically insignificant relationship with unemployment, reflecting the possibility that domestic investments may not always generate sufficient employment opportunities in the short term due to structural constraints or sectoral imbalances. Furthermore, the minimum wage variable has a negative and significant effect on the open unemployment rate, implying that increases in the regional minimum wage can stimulate greater employment absorption and improve labor market conditions. Overall, the results highlight the importance of fostering sustained economic growth and designing investment policies that are more labor-intensive to optimize employment creation. Additionally, the findings emphasize the strategic role of minimum wage policy in supporting job opportunities while safeguarding workers’ welfare.

Banking is a key pillar of the financial system, playing a crucial role as an intermediary between those with excess funds and those in need of financing. In the context of post-pandemic economic recovery in the 2022–2024 period, bank sustainability and resilience, particularly in terms of profit-generating ability, are crucial aspects to consider. This study was conducted to analyze the extent to which capital structure and intermediation efficiency influence the profitability of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Capital structure in this study is proxied by the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), while intermediation efficiency is measured by the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). The profitability indicator used is Return on Assets (ROA), which reflects a bank's effectiveness in utilizing its assets to generate profits. This research methodology uses a quantitative approach through multiple linear regression analysis with secondary data in the form of annual financial reports from 111 banks for the 2022–2024 period. The analysis results show that simultaneously, CAR and LDR variables have a significant effect on ROA. Furthermore, both variables have been shown to contribute positively to increasing bank profitability. In other words, maintaining adequate capital and efficient credit management can strengthen overall financial performance. This finding offers strategic implications for bank management in formulating capital and liquidity management policies. Optimizing these two aspects not only impacts short-term profit achievement but also contributes to the stability and sustainability of banking profitability in the long term. Therefore, banks need to ensure a strong capital strategy coupled with efficient intermediation to be more resilient in facing future economic dynamics.