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Q.S. Luqman verse 27 is one of the Qur’anic verses that employs tashbih (simile) to illustrate the vastness of Allah’s knowledge and His divine majesty. The verse states that if all the trees on earth were pens and the seas were ink, they would not suffice to write the words of Allah. This study aims to analyze the structure of the simile in this verse and uncover its spiritual dimension through a Sufi interpretive approach. Using a qualitative library research method, primary sources include Sufi Qur’anic commentaries such as those of Al-Qushayri. The analysis reveals that the symbols of pens, ink, and the sea not only represent the boundlessness of divine knowledge but also convey esoteric meanings about the relationship between the servant and the Divine. Sufi interpretation emphasizes that Allah’s majesty cannot be grasped by reason alone, but rather through spiritual unveiling (kashf) and ma‘rifah (gnosis). Thus, the Sufi perspective enriches the understanding of this verse—not only literally, but also as a spiritual call toward deeper awareness of Allah’s infinite power and presence.

Service-based leadership is a leadership approach that prioritizes devotion to others as the center of a leader's function. In the Christian view, this model is rooted in the example set by Jesus Christ who came to serve, not to be served (Mark 10:45). The concept of servant leadership emphasizes values such as simplicity, love, sacrifice, and moral responsibility towards those being led. This study aims to explore how servant leadership influences and shapes the formulation of vision and mission in the context of Christian organizations or ministries. Vision and mission not only function as strategic guidelines, but also reflect the calling and obedience to God's will. A Christian leader who adopts the principle of servant leadership will create a vision that focuses on the common good, spiritual growth, and empowerment of community members. Meanwhile, the mission is designed to manifest the love of Christ in real terms through actions and programs that have a broad impact. In this context, sensitivity to the leadership of the Holy Spirit, integrity in leadership, and the ability to motivate and support the development of others are needed. This study concludes that servant leadership from a Christian perspective not only functions well in organizations, but also strengthens the spirituality and unity of the body of Christ. Therefore, the formulation of the vision and mission resulting from the principle of serving not only reflects the direction, but also becomes a testimony of faith that lives in the community. Thus, servant leadership becomes a strong foundation in building a Christian organization that is relevant, impactful, and oriented towards the values of the kingdom of God, and is able to answer the challenges of the times with love, exemplary behavior, and sincere devotion and glorify God in service.

This study discusses the contribution of zakat in improving the economic welfare of society through the perspective of Islamic business management. The persistence of social and economic inequality across various segments of society underscores the importance of optimizing zakat management. In Islamic thought, zakat is not only a spiritual obligation but also a means of wealth redistribution that can strengthen the economic structure of the ummah. This research employs a library research method with a qualitative approach, analyzing various relevant sources to formulate efficient zakat management strategies that align with Sharia principles. The analysis reveals that the application of Islamic management principles—such as planning, organizing, actuating, and controlling—plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness of zakat distribution, particularly in the form of productive zakat. Additionally, strengthening technological aspects, improving education for zakat managers (amil), collaborating with local institutions, and conducting intensive public outreach are complementary strategies relevant to the current context. The study concludes that professionally managed, integrated zakat administration based on Sharia values holds significant potential to serve as a sustainable driver for improving societal welfare.

  Abstract. Interregional cooperation is a strategic approach to addressing cross-boundary development challenges, particularly in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study aims to examine the opportunities and challenges in implementing the Grebang Ratubangnegoro Kertowilangan cooperation, which involves 11 regencies/cities across East and Central Java. The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, by collecting and analyzing relevant academic articles from Google Scholar and other sources. This study is grounded in the Intergovernmental Relations theory by Agranoff and Radin (2014), which emphasizes the importance of collaboration and coordination across multiple levels of government in managing modern governance complexities, using five core principles as the analytical framework. The findings show that this cooperation has significant potential to accelerate infrastructure development, improve public service efficiency, and enhance regional economic competitiveness, especially in relation to SDG 11 and SDG 17. However, the initiative still faces major challenges, including weak institutional coordination, differing regional priorities, and limited resources. Therefore, strengthening institutional frameworks, establishing a joint secretariat, and integrating SDG indicators into interregional planning are recommended as strategic steps toward more effective and sustainable cooperation.

The growth of the digital sector during the Coronavirus Disease (COVID) 19 pandemic has an impact on how individuals use technology and behave in social situations, introducing new work opportunities.  However, work participation in the digital industry based on gender at the global level is still significant which can have an impact on gender gaps and the role of female workers. In terms of access to production and distribution of roles, female workers in the digital industry make widespread similarities with the presence of male workers. In-depth research is required to understand whether or not there is a gender gap in the digital industry, especially in the context of Indonesia, as a modern phenomenon. Previous studies have begun to discuss gender participation in non-digital industries, such as the garment sector, but have not yet discussed the dynamics of the gender gap and the role of women. This study utilizes social role theory to quantify the extent of the gender gap and the dynamics of women's roles in industrial technology. This study examines 3 female workers in 3 distinct digital technology companies using a qualitative method and a multiple case study approach. The results of this study reveals that the digital technology industry in the education, technology, and transportation sector is inclusive and promotes the role of women despite the fact that woman constitute a minority of workers. The role of women is supported by the equal of expectations towards the role of female workers, including the system of labor allocation and rewards that do not take gender into account. This research can further serve as a reference for other digital enterprise sectors and other industries when developing policies and programs to support and enhance the work role of women.

This article aims to examine in depth the foundations of business ethics in Islam through the view of Fiqh Muamalah. Islamic business ethics is not only limited to the formal legal aspects of transactions, but also includes moral and spiritual dimensions derived from the Qur'an and Sunnah. Fiqh Muamalah is defined as a branch of jurisprudence that regulates social and economic interactions, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and implementing ethical principles in business activities. The discussion in this article covers the fundamental principles of Islamic business ethics, its implementation in various aspects of business, and its relevance in the context of modern economics. Through an in-depth analysis, this article seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of how Islamic values can be a solid foundation for fair, transparent, and responsible business practices.

Indonesia as a country of law and democracy has a solid foundation in Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The dynamics of law enforcement and democracy in Indonesia are inseparable from the influence of historical,socio-political, and cultural factors that shape the course of the national legal system. This study uses the literature review method to examine the results of related studies, which show that aw enforcement in Indonesia faces various challenges, ranging fro legal pluralis, structural injustice, to political influence and technological developments in the digital era. Indonesian democracy is rooted in the values of Pancasila which demand social justice, respect for human rights, unity, and deliberation. However, in enforcement is still often hampered by corruption, weak integrity of legal complexity in a multicultural society.

The sea fence in Tangerang Regency, Banten, has become a complex issue involving violations of spatial law, environmental impacts, and the rights of coastal communities. This research analyzes the social and environmental impacts of the case and examines the protection and restoration of victims' rights based on a greenvictimology perspective. Using an empirical juridical approach, data collection was conducted through interviews with fishermen and legal aid organizations, as well as secondary data from legal literature. The results showed that sea fences disrupt fishermen's activities, damage marine ecosystems, and violate regional spatial regulations. Ecological impacts include changes in ocean currents, decreased water quality, disruption of fish migration, damage to coral reefs, and coastal abrasion. Protection and restoration of victims' rights in the Pagar Laut case to date have not been fully fulfilled and realized by the responsible parties. This can be seen from the absence of concrete policies and concrete actions in the form of providing compensation or compensation to fishermen who are directly affected by the installation of the Sea Fence which hampers their access and space for fishing activities. In addition, efforts to restore the marine environment have also not been carried out optimally, especially in terms of dismantling sea fences that have not been carried out thoroughly and assistance programs from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries have not been implemented.

The Kanjuruhan tragedy on October 1, 2022, marks one of the deadliest disasters in Indonesian sports history, resulting in the deaths of over a hundred spectators during a post-match riot. This study explores the tragedy through the lens of sports sociology by examining how crowd behavior, institutional failures, and the use of excessive force reflect deeper socio-political dynamics. Using a library research method, this paper analyzes academic literature, official reports, and sociological theories—particularly those of Gramsci, Bourdieu, and Foucault—to understand the normalization of violence, the exercise of hegemonic power through sport, and the systemic weaknesses in match organization. The study finds that the convergence of commercial interests, inadequate crowd management, and institutionalized violence created the conditions for this disaster. The findings call for structural reforms in sports governance and advocate for a sociologically informed approach to fan education, crowd control, and ethical media representation.

This study aims to analyze the normative provisions regarding women's inheritance rights in three legal systems applicable in Indonesia, namely Islamic law, customary law, and civil law. These three systems have different legal bases, values, and mechanisms in regulating inheritance rights, especially regarding the position and rights of women as heirs. Islamic law determines women's inheritance shares based on the provisions of the Qur'an and Al-Hadith or As Sunnah with the principle of proportionality according to socio-economic responsibilities in the family. On the other hand, customary law is highly dependent on the local kinship system, whether patrilineal, matrilineal, or bilateral, which causes great variation in granting inheritance rights to women. Meanwhile, civil law originating from the Civil Code emphasizes equality between men and women in inheritance rights, without gender differentiation. This study uses a normative legal approach with a qualitative analysis method on primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that although normatively civil law and several customary law systems provide space for equality, in social practice and cultural interpretation of women in obtaining inheritance rights, harmonization between legal systems is still needed, as well as increasing legal awareness in society for women. This study also emphasizes the importance of strengthening the role of the state and law enforcement officers in implementing inheritance rights for women.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

This study aims to examine the existence of the Church in the context of salvation history from the perspective of systematic theology, focusing on the role and vocation of the ecclesia as the community of God's people. The background of this study departs from the belief that the Church is not just a religious institution, but has an existential and historical basis in God's saving work. The Church acts as an extension of Christ's mission which is continued in the power of the Holy Spirit. In this research, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data sources consist of the Holy Bible, theological books related to the title, as well as relevant theological journal articles. This research was conducted to understand the relationship between the Church's identity and its participation in salvation history, both dogmatically and functionally. The results show that the Church is called to be an active witness in the work of salvation, by carrying out prophetic, liturgical, and social functions. As an ecclesia, the Church is not just a collection of individual believers, but a community that lives in relationship with Christ as the Head. The discussion emphasizes that the Church has a mandate to live in unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolate, all of which are rooted in God's grace. In conclusion, the existence of the Church in salvation history is eschatological and missionary. The Church is called to be a sign and means of salvation, and to take part in the salvation of the world.

The Child Protection Law affirms that the state guarantees children's rights to “protection from violence” as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution. This paper examines child abuse within the framework of Indonesian positive law using a normative approach and legal philosophy (positivism). The focus of the analysis is to what extent legal norms (such as the Child Protection Law, the Criminal Code, the Domestic Violence Law, etc.) align with the values of justice and children's human rights. A normative approach is used to analyze the laws and legal literature, while the philosophical approach, particularly the positivist ideas of Hans Kelsen and H.L.A. Hart, is employed to understand the relationship between legal norms and the concept of justice. The analysis reveals that although child protection regulations exist, their implementation on the ground tends to be legalistic, often neglecting humanitarian and justice elements. This study emphasizes the need for alignment between legal norms and substantive justice and the protection of children's human rights. The implication of this research is the need for a legal policy that is more responsive to children's rights and justice.

Humans are not merely thinking beings but also emotional and spiritual creatures. However, modern education tends to prioritize the cognitive dimension and academic achievement, while psychological and spiritual aspects are often neglected. This imbalance has resulted in the emergence of intellectually capable generations who may lack emotional maturity and moral integrity. Therefore, an educational approach that incorporates philosophical, psychological, and Islamic values is essential in shaping a holistic human being. This study aims to analyze the nature of humans from a psychological perspective and its implications for designing holistic, learner-centered education. This research employs a qualitative approach using the library research method. Data collection was carried out through documentary studies by reading and reviewing written sources such as scientific books, journal articles, and other academic literature relevant to the research topic. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which includes identifying themes, categorizing key ideas, and drawing conceptual meanings from the collected data. The results show that from a psychological perspective, humans possess innate potentials that develop through specific stages, are influenced by environmental factors, and have a fundamental need for self-actualization. Humanistic, cognitive, and behaviorist psychological approaches all contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human nature. The findings reinforce the notion that education focused solely on cognitive development is insufficient for shaping a well-rounded personality. Therefore, the education system must be oriented toward balanced development of the cognitive, affective, socialand spiritual dimensions of learners.

This study examines the challenges and problems faced by Islamic education amid the complex dynamics of globalization. While globalization brings positive impacts through advances in information and communication technology, it also poses challenges such as the infiltration of global cultural values that do not always align with Islamic principles. This study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a library research method, drawing from scholarly sources in national journals and recent academic books. The findings reveal that Islamic education encounters internal challenges such as conventional teaching methods, curricula that are unresponsive to changing times, and low digital literacy among educators. Meanwhile, external challenges include the secularization of education, unequal access, technological revolutions, and multicultural issues. To address these challenges, it is necessary to reformulate an integrative curriculum, improve teacher professionalism, and create educational environments that support Islamic values. This article recommends a transformative and adaptive approach to Islamic education that remains firmly rooted in the values of tawhid and akhlaq al-karimah in facing global challenges.

The phenomenon of increasing potential for social conflict in the regions, including in Gorontalo Province, demands the presence of security forces that are able to act quickly, professionally, and in accordance with legal corridors. The Brimob unit as part of the National Police has a vital role in implementing riot control policies to maintain national stability and security. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of Brimob Gorontalo's role in implementing the policy, in terms of legal aspects, especially in accordance with the principles of human rights and applicable laws and regulations. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with literature and documentation study methods. The results of the analysis show that although the policy has been implemented in accordance with protap and regulations, the effectiveness of its implementation still faces challenges such as limited human resources, understanding of human rights, and social resistance. Therefore, it is recommended that Brimob Gorontalo strengthen human rights-based training, increase transparency of actions, and strengthen synergies with communities and local policy makers to create sustainable and equitable security.

This study reveals a significant correlation between the phenomenon of underwater rivers discussed in modern oceanographic studies and the scientific signs contained in Surah Al-Furqan verse 53. This verse not only illustrates the difference between two types of water, but also represents physical phenomena that can be explained scientifically, such as the existence of halocline layers and hydrogen sulfide compounds that appear in the transition area between fresh water and sea water. Both classical and contemporary interpretations show that the Qur'an implicitly conveys instructions regarding natural realities that can only be understood through a contemporary scientific approach. The scientific interpretation approach opens up integrative opportunities between divine revelation and empirical knowledge, which not only strengthens the dimension of faith but also stimulates rational, scientific, and spiritual thinking in exploring the meaning of the kauniyah verses. Thus, this study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in understanding the Qur'an in a way that is relevant to the dynamics of science and the challenges of the times.  

Abortion is a contentious legal and moral issue, as it involves two equally important rights: the right to life of the fetus and a woman's right to bodily autonomy and reproductive health. Under Indonesian criminal law, abortion is generally classified as a criminal offense, as stipulated in the Criminal Code (KUHP). However, exceptions are recognized under specific conditions such as medical emergencies and pregnancies resulting from rape, in accordance with Law Number 17 of 2023 on Health. This study aims to examine the legal boundaries between prohibited and permitted abortions and to analyze the challenges of implementing these provisions in practice. The findings indicate that despite the existence of legal exceptions, implementation remains difficult due to complex procedures, limited facilities, and inadequate understanding among law enforcement and health workers. Therefore, clear technical regulations and cross-sectoral education are essential to ensure fair legal protection for both women and medical professionals.

Shopee, a Singapore-based e-commerce company, has shown an aggressive and well-planned expansion strategy across Southeast Asia, particularly in Indonesia. Its growth has not only transformed the way people engage in digital transactions but has also introduced new challenges regarding economic security and national digital sovereignty. Shopee’s dominance in the local market reflects regulatory gaps in protecting domestic businesses, as well as the limited government oversight of foreign digital platforms. This paper explores Shopee’s expansion strategy, targeted market segments, and the Indonesian government’s policy responses. Using the international political economy approach and the lens of non-traditional security, this research aims to examine how the presence of foreign platforms like Shopee can influence domestic regulations and generate strategic challenges for national sectors.  

The corruption that occurred at PT Pertamina reflects the weak integrity of public officials and the inadequacy of internal oversight systems. The positive legal approach has proven ineffective in addressing corruption in practice. Therefore, this study departs from the need for an alternative approach based on Islamic political values such as trustworthiness (amanah), justice, and supervision in addressing corruption within state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature review method. Data were collected from academic journals, official reports by the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) and the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK), as well as credible media sources. The data were analyzed by categorizing them according to the principles of trustworthiness, justice, and supervision, and then interpreted through the framework of Islamic political thought to deeply understand the root causes of corruption. Corruption in PT Pertamina involves power protection, budget manipulation, and procurement fraud. Violations of trust, injustice in resource distribution, and weak supervision indicate the absence of Islamic principles in corporate governance. Ethical and spiritual values have not yet been internalized within the bureaucratic system and organizational culture of SOEs. This study concludes that corruption in PT Pertamina is a result of the loss of trust, the breakdown of justice, and weak oversight. An Islamic political approach that emphasizes ethics and spiritual responsibility is highly relevant to be applied. These values can help form a just and transparent governance system and rebuild public trust in SOEs.