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Nyapah sub-district, which is one of the 14 sub-districts in Walantaka District, has problems faced by the community and the nyapah sub-district apparatus itself, namely not understanding and knowing about the legal regulations related to waste management, as well as handling waste that can actually provide good benefits from an environmental perspective. as well as the economy of the community in Nyapah sub-district. And there is also no Waste Bank for waste management. This service activity is important in providing legal education about waste and so that the community in Nyapah sub-district is legally aware of the importance of good and correct waste management in accordance with applicable legal regulations. The method used is descriptive with a qualitative approach by collecting data, including interviews, observation and documentation. The result of this service is that the community and Nyapah sub-district officials can know and understand the regulations regarding waste management contained in the law. No. 18 of 2008 concerning Waste Management, Government Regulation no. 27 of 2020 concerning Specific Waste, Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No.  14 of 2021 concerning Waste Management at Waste Banks, and Serang City Regional Regulation Number 7 of 2021 concerning Waste Management.

This research aims (1) to find out the regulation of the authority of the Sabu Raijua Regency Government in dealing with drought, and (2) to find out the government's efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Raijua Regency. and (3) to find out the factors that hinder government efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Liae District, Sabu Raijua Regency. This research uses a normative juridical approach and is supported by empiricial juridicial research. Data collection techniques in this study are interview data collection, and literature study, and analyzing data descriptively and perspectively. The results of the study indicate that (1) Sabu Raijua Regency has the authority to set policies according to its territory, so it is necessary to set policies in dealing with drought, the policies needed to deal with drought include various elements that can help better manage water resources and reduce the impact of drought so that there is no clean water crisis, in this case it must include various initiatives and actions, depending on local conditions and problems faced.  (2) Efforts made by the government in dealing with drought in Sabu Raijua Regency include: reforestation programs, extension programs, reservoir construction programs, and clean water distribution programs. (3) Factors that hinder government efforts in dealing with drought in Sabu Liae District, Sabu Raijua Regency include several factors, namely community legal awareness, cost factors, and facility factors. Based on the results of the research, it is hoped that the Sabu Raijua Regency government can be more reactive and proactive in making policies governing water resources by making local regulations on water resources in mitigating and adapting to climate change, including soil and water conservation programs.

Fraud through cheque securities is a form of economic crime that harms many parties, both individuals and financial institutions. The background of this problem is the increasing number of fraud cases involving blank checks in Batam City, which causes significant financial losses and reduces public confidence in these payment instruments. This study aims to analyze the role of investigators in eradicating fraud through cheque securities, with a focus on the Barelang Police Criminal Investigation unit. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach, involving analysis of primary and secondary data in the form of interviews with investigators, literature reviews, and document studies related to check fraud cases in the jurisdiction of the Barelang Police. The results of the study show that investigators have a crucial role in handling fraud cases through cheque securities, starting from receiving reports and complaints, collecting and securing evidence, to preparing case files for prosecution. However, there are several obstacles that reduce the effectiveness of investigations, such as lack of resources, lack of specialization in financial crimes, and limited access to information. To overcome these obstacles, this study provides several recommendations, including increasing the capacity and expertise of investigators through ongoing training, increasing budgets and technological resources, and strengthening cooperation between investigators and other financial institutions and law enforcement. The suggestions put forward in this study are that police investigators should improve internal and external coordination to speed up the investigation process, other law enforcers such as prosecutors and judges should increase collaboration with investigators to ensure a fair and transparent judicial process, and the public, especially victims of cheque fraud, should be educated on the steps to be taken when becoming victims of fraud. With the implementation of this recommendation, it is hoped that the handling of fraud cases through check securities can be more effective and public trust in the justice system can increase.

The Sea and Coast Guard Base (PLP) plays a vital role in maintaining maritime security and safety in Indonesia, especially in strategic waters such as the Riau Islands. However, the implementation of the PLP's authority in carrying out its duties at the Tanjung Uban Class II PLP Base has not run optimally. This study aims to analyze the authority of the PLP from a juridical and sociological perspective, as well as identify the obstacles faced and provide recommendations to overcome them. The research methods used are normative juridical and empirical sociology. The normative juridical method is used to analyze various laws and regulations that are the legal basis for the authority of the PLP, such as Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping, Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 119 of 2021 concerning the Organization and Work Procedures of Marine and Coast Guard Bases, Decree of the Director General of Hubla Number 13/VIII/DV-05 of 2005 concerning the Working Area of Marine and Coast Guard Bases and the Decree of the Director General of Sea Transportation Number KP.867/DJPL/2020 concerning the Patrol of the Marine and Coast Guard Unit of the Directorate General of Sea Transportation. Empirical sociological methods are used to collect data through interviews and direct observations in the field to understand the implementation of PLP authority and the obstacles faced. The results of the study show that limited human resources and equipment, lack of coordination between agencies, inadequate infrastructure, and complex bureaucracy are the main obstacles in the implementation of PLP authority in the Tanjung Uban Class II PLP Base. In addition, the low legal awareness among the maritime community is also a significant challenge. Based on these findings, this study provides several suggestions, including increasing recruitment and training of personnel, procurement and maintenance of patrol boats and supporting equipment, the formation of an inter-agency coordination team, the construction of adequate port facilities, and socialization and education to increase public legal awareness. This research is expected to contribute to strengthening policies and strategies for the implementation of PLP authority, so as to be able to increase effectiveness and efficiency in maintaining maritime security and safety in Indonesian waters.

Forest and land fires are a serious problem that has a negative impact on the environment and the economy, especially in the Riau Islands region, including Bintan Regency. The background of this research is the high frequency of forest fires that cause ecosystem damage, air pollution, and significant economic losses. This study aims to analyze the forest and land fire prevention and law enforcement strategies that have been implemented and identify obstacles in their implementation. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. The data was collected through in-depth interviews with law enforcement officials, forestry officers, and local communities, as well as analysis of documents related to forest fires in Bintan over the past few years. In addition, questionnaires were also distributed to get a broader perspective on the effectiveness of existing strategies. The results of the study show that although there have been various prevention efforts such as routine patrols, socialization, and the installation of prohibition signs, the effectiveness is still not optimal. The main obstacles identified include limited resources, lack of community participation, difficulty in identifying perpetrators, hard-to-reach terrain, and pressure from certain parties. The lack of resources such as personnel and equipment, as well as the low level of public awareness and participation in forest fire prevention, are the main factors hindering the effectiveness of these strategies. In addition, pressure from landowners or influential parties often hinders firm and fair law enforcement. Suggestions for improving the effectiveness of prevention and enforcement strategies include increasing the budget and capacity of officers, the use of advanced technology for monitoring and investigation, and education and empowerment of local communities. In addition, there is a need for increased coordination between agencies and legal protection for officers who face pressure in carrying out their duties. With a comprehensive and inclusive approach, it is hoped that forest and land fires in Bintan can be minimized, so that a more sustainable environment and a stable economy can be realized

The 'Reading Corner' program in Turunrejo Village, Kendal District, has demonstrated an increase in children's reading interest and literacy skills. Observations and interviews with children and parents reveal that many children who initially rarely read are now more active using the reading corner, with some showing significant improvement in their reading and comprehension abilities. Despite these clear advances, challenges such as budget constraints, a lack of diverse book collections, and insufficient local government support persist. The considerable distance from the city center also affects the regular procurement of new books. Several studies highlight that similar challenges are faced by literacy programs in remote areas. Additional support, training for managers, and enhanced resources are necessary to maximize the benefits of the 'Reading Corner' program for children.

National food security is one of the crucial issues or problem that is the focus of government attention in order to ensure the availability, access, and quality of food for the entire community. Government policies that support local independence are believed to have an important role in achieving sustainable food security. This study aims to analyze government policies from a legal perspective in advancing local independence and their implications for national food security. The methodology used in this study is normative legal analysis with a descriptive approach. The data used comes from primary sources such as laws and regulations and related policies, as well as secondary sources in the form of literature and other supporting documents. The analysis is carried out to identify policies that have been implemented, evaluate their effectiveness, and the legal implications that arise. The results of the study show that there are a number of policies that have been implemented by the government to advance local independence, but there are still various challenges in their implementation. Several policies that are effective at the local level have not been fully integrated with national policies, which causes a lack of harmony in achieving food security. In addition, this study found that the legal aspects of the policy still need improvement to support the sustainability of local independence in the long term. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of strengthening a more integrated legal and policy framework that focuses on local empowerment. Recommendations are given to policy makers to improve existing regulations, improve coordination between institutions, and encourage local community participation in efforts to achieve sustainable national food security.

The renewal of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) through the Draft Law (RUU) KUHAP opens up space for in-depth philosophical reflection on the relationship between law, justice, and humanity. This article examines the challenges of harmonizing the principle of due process of law, which emphasizes respect for individual rights in every legal process, with the criminal justice system, which is oriented towards efficiency and the purpose of punishment. This harmony is not only a technical and normative matter, but also a matter of shared understanding of what is meant by justice in the context of a more humane and human rights-based criminal justice system. Using a philosophical legal perspective, this article explores the potential for conflict and convergence between the two principles, and seeks common ground within the framework of Pancasila legal values ​​and Islamic law that prioritize humanity, substantive justice, and a balance between individual rights and the public interest. The renewal of the RUU KUHAP, in this context, is not merely a structural change, but a journey towards a legal system that guarantees the depth of justice, which is not only seen from a procedural perspective, but also from the moral and social essence of the law itself.

The paradoxical phenomenon of domestic violence (KDRT) within the ideal construct of Islamic marriage, supported by the prevalence of violence against women in Indonesia, forms the empirical basis of this research. Fikih mubadalah, as an interpretative framework that emphasizes the principle of reciprocity in understanding religious texts, and the Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Sexual Violence Crimes (UU TPKS), as a juridical instrument providing comprehensive protection for victims of sexual violence, constitute the central conceptual elements of this study. This research focuses on the analysis of the implementation of UU TPKS and the fikih mubadalah paradigm within the pedagogical context of the Islamic Marriage Jurisprudence subject in the eleventh grade of Social Sciences at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Banjarmasin. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques including participatory observation, semi-structured interviews with students and educators, and documentary analysis of learning artifacts. The research findings indicate that the integration of the fikih mubadalah concept and the substance of UU TPKS in the learning process significantly enhances students' understanding of the essence of egalitarian marital relations and the urgency of legal protection against gender-based violence. Students are able to identify manifestations of gender inequality in marriage case studies and internalize the importance of equality and legal protection guarantees. Nevertheless, heterogeneity in the level of understanding is still identified in a small portion of the sample population. The conclusion of this research is that the internalization of fikih mubadalah and UU TPKS within the Islamic Marriage Jurisprudence curriculum effectively stimulates students' critical awareness of the importance of just marital relations and the imperative of preventing acts of violence. The application of a contextual and participatory pedagogical approach proves to be positively correlated with an increase in students' understanding. This research recommends the adoption of a similar integrative approach in the religious education curriculum as a strategic effort to shape a young generation that possesses legal awareness, a fair gender perspective, and the capacity to build harmonious and violence-free family institutions. 

The creation of the internet, which is used to make human life easier, has become a new problem because it has given rise to cyber crime in cyberspace. One of the cyber crimes currently developing is cyber terrorism. This research examines the crime of cyber terrorism from the perspective of the perpetrator's criminal responsibility according to national laws in Indonesia. The method used in this research is a normative juridical legal research method that is perspective based on literature study. The legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials. Data analysis techniques using deductive logical reasoning. The research results show that the term cyber terrorism crime has not been mentioned grammatically in national legislation. However, several articles in Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions contain the substance of cyber terrorism crimes, namely Article 28 paragraph (2), Article 28 paragraph (3), Article 31 and Article 33. The legal subject, namely the perpetrator in this article, is "Person" which means an individual or legal entity/corporation. All of these articles contain elements of "acts against the law" whose substance corresponds to the crime of cyber terrorism. So that a person or legal entity that commits acts in accordance with this article can be held criminally responsible. The legal sanction for this crime is imprisonment and/or a fine.

Marine pollution resulting from ship navigation activities is a primary concern in safeguarding the maritime environment in Indonesian waters. This article examines law enforcement regarding marine pollution from an environmental law perspective, focusing on existing regulations in Indonesia. Through a normative legal approach, the article identifies the legal framework governing the prevention and mitigation of marine pollution and the responsibilities of relevant parties. Additionally, employing a policy analysis approach, this article evaluates the effectiveness of implementing these regulations in addressing cases of marine pollution caused by ship navigation activities. The analysis reveals that while Indonesia possesses a relatively comprehensive legal framework, challenges persist in ensuring effective law enforcement, including inter-agency coordination and limited human resources. The article also offers recommendations for strengthening law enforcement and marine environmental protection in the future.      

The two main different principles in judicial system in the various legal states are namely(first): as the unity of jurisdiction system applied by rule of law which only consisted of Civil court and, (second): the duality of jurisdiction system which applied by rechtstaat Law states that is known consisted of civil court and administrative court. Civil courtCulminates in the Supreme Court while the Administrative Court culminates in the StateCouncil (Conseil d’Etat). These two systems are not just different in court organizational hierarchy, but also different ini the legal substance and the legal procedural. TheResearch reports show that the Judicial system in Indonesia is very unique , from the Judicial organization alhierarchy perspective is closer to the system of unity ofJurisdiction, whereas from the principles of the court and the procedure of dispute Settlement perspective is closer to the duality of system jurisdicton so the authors finally Conclude that the judicial system of Indonesia is a mixture system.

The increasingly rapid development of the times has opened people's views to be more open to various kinds of world and national problems. Technology, which is one of the tools for thinking, has created innovative patterns of thinking in society that are mature in determining diverse perspectives and actions, as well as every outcome of views and attitudes that is permitted as long as it does not violate the rules and norms that have been regulated in state life. Customary forests are one of the categories of social forestry which are located in the living areas of local indigenous communities and can usually be found in inland areas. Customary forests are also regulated in Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry as stated in Article 1 number 6 "Customary forests are state forests that are within the territory of customary law communities." Conflicts between company interests and the rights of indigenous communities sometimes arise due to a lack of legal protection and unequal power, this is based on expansion which can be said to be irregular because quite a few mining companies expand mining areas outside the mine itself in order to exploit very natural resources. abundant in it.

Human rights are inherent to the essence and existence of humans as creatures of God Almighty, and they are gifts that must be respected, upheld, and protected by the state, law, government, and every individual for the dignity and protection of human beings. Domestic violence (KDRT) is a violation of human rights, a crime against human dignity, and a form of discrimination that must be eliminated.The focus is on the legal protection efforts for women victims of domestic violence and the prevention and mitigation efforts against violence towards women. In conclusion, to improve this situation, integrating restitution into the criminal justice system is a solution to be considered. Therefore, while the PKDRT marks a significant step in legal protection for victims of domestic violence, integrating restitution and increasing awareness and commitment from all involved parties are crucial to ensuring better protection and justice for victims of domestic violence in Indonesia. Thus, to enhance the effectiveness of handling violence against women, good coordination among various institutions and disciplines is needed, along with strong commitment from society, law enforcement agencies, and the government to take necessary actions to create a safe and just environment for women. Recommendations for discussion include legal education and awareness, integrated protection, strengthening of medical evidence, socialization and funding, effective criminal prioritization, and restitution as an alternative. The formation of an integrated committee, strengthening gender-sensitive legal systems, education and attitude change in society, establishment of crisis centers or shelters, firm repressive actions, and integration of anti-violence norms are also suggested.

Technological advancements have increased the forms and types of crimes, including online gender-based violence (GBV). The COVID-19 pandemic has driven Indonesian society to engage in online activities, leading to a 23% increase in internet usage by April 2020, but also triggering a surge in cyberattacks, with 190 million cases recorded during the same period. Cases of online GBV have risen from 281 in 2020 to 1697 in 2023.   This research examines the vulnerability of women to online GBV and the challenges faced by the Gender Justice Advocates Collective (KAKG) in providing legal protection. Factors such as patriarchal culture, lack of digital literacy, objectification of women, and victim-blaming culture exacerbate women's vulnerability. KAKG faces obstacles including limited human resources, insufficient family support, and difficulties in determining the location of crimes.   This study employs a non-doctrinal method, examining the implementation of laws in society. Interview data indicate that the majority of online GBV victims are women, with a significant increase in complaints from 2022 to 2023. The study highlights the importance of digital literacy education and training for law enforcement officers with a victim-centered and gender-equitable perspective to effectively handle online GBV cases.

Korganization in nation building is very significant. Corporations can be said to be pillars of the nation's economy. Corporations are very influential not only on economic aspects, but also social, political and other aspects. As time goes by, crimes committed by corporations arise. The Criminal Code which does not recognize corporations as legal subjects opens up opportunities for individuals to take advantage of this legal loophole. The regulations governing corporate responsibility currently in effect are considered less effective and efficient. Provisions that clearly regulate "corporate criminal liability" are still at the Draft Criminal Code stage. Based on the research results, it was found that the corporate responsibility system has several doctrines or theories in determining responsibility. These theories include "identification doctrine, aggregation doctrine, reactive corporate fault, strict liability and vicarious liability." This research aims to increase knowledge regarding criminal responsibility by corporations. This research supports the immediate ratification of the Draft Criminal Code as an answer to legal problems regarding criminal acts committed by corporations. The method used in this research is normative juridical, with data collection techniques namely literature study. The data obtained in this research comes from writings or scientific works in the form of books, journals, dissertations and other literature.      

Fiqh education in the context of Islam is often understood merely as the transfer of knowledge regarding normative laws. However, the exploration of fiqh education as a process that can shape students' character in accordance with the goals of education, which not only transfers knowledge but also forms individual values and character, has not yet been evident. This is due to the lack of understanding of the essence of fiqh education from the perspective of educational philosophy. This article aims to explain that fiqh should not only be viewed as law but also as education rich in moral   and character values. Fiqh education, when analyzed through several philosophical perspectives such as ontological, epistemological, axiological, and methodological studies, reveals its moral and character values. From an ontological perspective, fiqh education can be directed towards understanding the meaning of Islamic education and the relationship between fiqh law and moral values. This shows that fiqh education plays a role in building students' character. In the epistemological aspect, the Qur'an and Hadith serve as the primary sources of knowledge. Teaching methods that include textual, rational, and empirical approaches motivate students to understand the legal context more deeply. Axiology in fiqh education emphasizes the importance of moral values and social responsibility, aiming to shape individuals with high morality. Teaching methodologies are also evolving with new approaches, such as problem-based active learning, to enhance students' interest in understanding the material. Thus, it is hoped that the education of fiqh will not only produce individuals who are well-versed in normative laws but also individuals of noble character in accordance with religious teachings.  

This research aims to find out what forms of child exploitation occur in the city of Gorontalo and how legal sanctions are applied to perpetrators of child exploitation from the perspective of criminal law and jinayah jurisprudence. This research is field research, namely field observations of the objects being studied in order to obtain relevant data about matters related to the problem being studied and which focuses on the results of data collection from predetermined informants. This field research is outlined in a design that provides a clear and accurate picture of the materials and phenomena being studied. The data obtained in this research is still expressed in qualitative form, which has a richer meaning than numbers and frequencies. The results of this research show that (In Human Rights instruments there are five forms of criminal acts of sexual exploitation of children, namely: child prostitution; child pornography; trafficking in children for sexual purposes; child sex tourism and child marriage. Currently there are the newest forms of crime from this act. criminal exploitation of children, namely the application of legal sanctions against perpetrators of child exploitation from the perspective of criminal law and fiqh jinayah, namely the application of legal sanctions against perpetrators of child exploitation from the perspective of criminal law and the application of legal sanctions against perpetrators of child exploitation from the perspective of fiqh Jinayah.

This article examines the evolving landscape of digital privacy rights within civil law frameworks. With technological advancements outpacing regulatory measures, there is a growing need for robust legal standards to protect personal information. This study compares privacy regulations across several jurisdictions, assessing the efficacy of existing laws and identifying key challenges faced by policymakers. The article proposes a set of guidelines that could help harmonize digital privacy standards globally, ensuring individual rights are adequately protected in an increasingly interconnected world.

The Public Housing Savings Program or what is known as Tapera has become a national polemic which is starting to become unsettling among the Indonesian people. The People's Housing Savings Management Agency (BP Tapera), which until now seems to only collect public funds through savings with a savings scheme that is still unclear. By looking at this problem, the author found that the Additional Service Benefits program that previously existed and could run exactly the same as the Tapera program with income tax cuts for each taxpayer, this shows that it would be more effective if there was just one program so that there would be no inequality. According to the Minister of Manpower's Regulation regarding the procedures for granting, requirements and types of additional service benefits, it is stated that the type of additional service benefit can be in the form of a housing mortgage, which to date not all people use.