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Based on the data from Central Java shows that 40% people started from 20 until 65 years old suffered from LBP, estimated 18,2% for men and 13,6% for women. All farmer activities involve the spinal muscles which can caused farmers to suffer from low back pain. One steps to reduce LBP  is apply the William Flexion. Describe the results observations application William Flexion to Farmer with Low Back Pain. This method descriptive analysis and a pain measurement scale with Visual Analog Scale (VAS). In this method implemented the William Flexion, measured level Low Back Pain after intervention has been carried out for 6 meetings in 2 weeks. After applying the William Flexion to the respondents, there was a reduction in the level of Low Back Pain. Application William Flexion to farmers with Low Back Pain can reduce level of pain.

This aims to reveal the Impact of Converting Local Coconut Plantation Land into Oil Palm Plantations in an Islamic Economic Perspective in Kuala Keritang Village, Kec. Keritang, Kab. Indragiri Hilir, Riau. This thesis uses a qualitative approach by collecting data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The background causes the rubber farmers to switch functions to become oil palm farmers in Kuala Kritang Village is that work as a local coconut farmer is carried out every day and requires difficult maintenance while the price is cheap so that the farmer's income is not enough to meet economic needs. While oil palm work is only once every two weeks, it is more expensive than rubber and is sufficient to meet daily needs. The impact on the welfare of the families of local coconut farmers after the conversion to oil palm farmers in Kuala Kritang Village has a positive impact on farmers, their income increases, work is lighter, there is an increase in assets owned, and families feel more prosperous. If viewed from Maqasid Syariah, the impact of converting local coconut plantation land to oil palm for the economy of the people in Kuala Keritang Village is in accordance with Islamic Sharia.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence farmers' interest in cultivating patchouli in Toriki Village, Anggaberi District, Konawe Regency. The population in this study were all patchouli farmers in Toriki Village, totaling 15 farmers. So that the sample of this study was 15 people. The measurement scale used in this study was the Likert Rating Scale (SLR). To analyze the factors that influence farmers' interest, multiple regression analysis was used. The results showed that variables (X1), (X2), (X4) influenced the interest of patchouli farmers (Y). While variable (X3) showed a negative relationship but had a significant effect on the interest of patchouli farmers (Y) in Toriki Village. The t-test showed that all variables influenced farmers' interest in cultivating patchouli because they had a t count that was greater than the t table (X1 = 7.895, X2 = 3.556, X3 = -3.708, X4 = 10.347> t table 1.81246). from the results of the f test, it shows that the four variables (X1, X2, X3, X4) have a simultaneous effect on the dependent variable (Y) with a calculated f value of 45.345> f table 3.48. The determination coefficient test (R Square) shows an R Square value of 0.948, meaning that the independent variables can explain the dependent variable by 94.8%.

In the era of globalization, the empowerment of local potential has become increasingly important, especially at the village level. The village of Semar in Pagerwojo District, Tulungagung Regency, is a major dairy-producing area, with 60% of its population engaged in dairy farming. However, the Sri Wigati Dairy Cooperative (KUD), which has traditionally been the primary buyer of milk, is facing management issues, forcing farmers to sell their milk to private collectors with limited capacity. As a result, a significant portion of the milk goes unsold, posing a potential economic loss. To address this, a previous community service initiative taught farmers how to process milk into milk crackers, although these products have remained limited to local consumption despite their added value. Therefore, the focus must shift to the regional or national market. This community service program aims to: 1) enhance the competitiveness of local products, 2) empower the community, 3) optimize the value chain, 4) increase income, 5) develop a sustainable business model, 6) foster partnerships, and 7) improve community knowledge and skills. The outcomes of this initiative align with the established goals, marking a positive first step towards improving the welfare and economy of the Semar Village community.

This thesis examines the strategy for developing ginger farming in Kunjorowesi Village with the aim of increasing local agricultural income and sustainability. This research aims first, to identify factors that influence ginger farming income, and second, to evaluate the potential for developing ginger farming strategies that can increase income and agricultural sustainability. The research method uses observation techniques, interviews with farmers, and documentation to collect data. The analysis was carried out using the SWOT analysis model to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in ginger farming in Kunjorowesi Village The research results show that internal factors such as large areas of land, favorable land conditions, and the availability of skilled labor, as well as external factors such as supportive agro-climatic conditions and large market demand, have the potential to support the development of ginger farming businesses. However, there are also challenges such as limited capital, distance to farming locations, and interference from Plant Pest Organisms (OPT). Based on the SWOT analysis, a development strategy using the SO (Strengths-Opportunities) approach is recommended to utilize internal strengths and external opportunities. This strategy includes optimizing land use with skilled labor and strengthening cooperation between farmers, government and traders to improve marketing information.

Effective marketing is the key to success for shallot farmers in increasing sales and obtaining optimal profits. Social media, especially Facebook, can be an effective tool for promoting and marketing shallot products. This research aims to analyze the optimization of the use of Facebook social media in increasing shallot marketing in Ngasem Village. The use of social media Facebook can effectively increase shallot marketing in Ngasem Village. The optimization strategies carried out include creating a Facebook business page, managing interesting content, utilizing advertising features, as well as intensive interaction activities with customers. By implementing this strategy, shallot farmers and traders can increase product visibility, expand marketing reach, and encourage increased sales.

Improving farmer organizational governance and crop production management are important aspects in achieving sustainable agriculture. This study aims to evaluate the impact of training on liquid organic fertiliser production on improving farmer organisation governance and crop production management in Mekar Agung Village. The training was attended by 30 purposively selected farmer organisation members. The research methodology used a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest design. The pretest results showed that participants' initial knowledge of liquid organic fertiliser production and farmer organisation governance was at a low level. However, the posttest results showed a significant improvement after the training, with the average score increasing from 55% to 85%.  The study concluded that the training on liquid organic fertiliser production was effective in improving farmers' organisational capacity and crop production management in Mekar Agung Village, and has positive implications for the sustainability of agriculture in the area.

This study aims to analyze the growth of hybrid maize as animal feed in Olora Village, to address the growing need for animal feed amidst limited traditional feed sources. Hybrid maize was chosen for its superior nutritional content and higher yield potential compared to local varieties. A descriptive qualitative method was used, with data collected through field observations and interviews with maize farmers. The results show that hybrid maize in Olora Village shows strong growth with high yield potential. However, challenges such as pest attacks and fertilizer shortages have been identified. Integrated pest and disease management, as well as improved soil fertility, were recommended as strategies to address these issues. This study highlights the potential of hybrid maize as a viable alternative to animal feed and provides practical recommendations to improve its cultivation.

Indonesia as an agricultural country rich in natural resources, relies heavily on agriculture to support its economy, especially in Central Java where the majority of the population are farmers. However, many rural areas, such as Tegalrandu village in Srumbung, Magelang, face challenges due to limited agricultural knowledge and resources. This study aims to empower farmers in Tegalrandu by improving their agricultural practices through the use of compost as a sustainable fertilizer. This study uses the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) methodology, which focuses on local strengths and assets to catalyze community-driven development. Participants included local farmers who were engaged through a series of workshops and hands-on training in compost production using household waste and natural activators. The results showed that farmers successfully produced high-quality compost, leading to improved soil health and crop yields. In addition, the community showed increased knowledge and confidence in sustainable agricultural practices. This study underscores the importance of participatory approaches in agricultural development, highlighting the potential of composting to not only increase crop production but also foster economic resilience among rural farmers. The implications extend beyond local agricultural practices, suggesting that similar empowerment strategies can be applied in other rural contexts to promote sustainability and community development.

Field Study and Community Service is a community service program which is a form of implementation of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education. One area that is often focused on in KKN is agriculture. Agriculture in Indonesia still faces various problems, one of which is farmers' dependence on the use of chemicals as fertilizers and pesticides. The use of chemicals in agriculture can have long-term negative impacts such as damage to soil structure. One approach that can be applied is the use of animal waste as a natural ingredient in making organic fertilizer. Through Field Study and Community Service program, outreach and training is provided to the community regarding techniques for using animal waste as organic fertilizer. This activity was carried out using methods starting from surveys, outreach, and practice of processing goat manure waste into organic fertilizer. Socialization accompanied by direct practice can provide farmers with more knowledge to understand and apply techniques for making organic fertilizer more effectively. In addition, the use of organic fertilizer can reduce farmers' dependence on chemical fertilizers, increase soil fertility, and optimize agricultural yields.

The rapid advancement of technology has fundamentally transformed our daily lives, particularly in the internet and databases. In the agricultural sector, integrating e-commerce platforms in rural areas has ushered in a new era of opportunity for farmers and producers. By leveraging efficient logistics systems, these platforms have enabled them to tap into broader markets. Furthermore, they have proven instrumental in enhancing rural farmers' growth, efficiency, and market access. As rural areas undergo revitalization, e-commerce platforms play a pivotal role in the development of agriculture. Their impact is far-reaching, fostering diversification, adopting intelligent agricultural practices, and establishing e-commerce trading and delivery platforms. The number of respondents for this study was 390, with its focus on the intricacies of the e-commerce development strategy for consumer satisfaction in rural areas is of utmost importance. It aims to spotlight the logistics model and specific development strategies that will further the advancement of e-commerce in rural regions, all within the broader context of rural revitalization.

Tourism management is an effort to realize a tourist village that has great natural potential. Community service activities carried out in Semboro Village, Jember Regency aim to provide benefits for Pokdarwis and the community who play a direct role in its development. Although orange production in Jember Regency has increased, farmers do not feel the same benefits because the price of oranges is uncertain. Therefore, orange farmers, especially in Semboro District, are eager to develop existing orange plantation businesses into tourism businesses. If we look at the market potential based on tourist visits to Jember Regency, the growth of agrotourism businesses in the area looks very promising. This community service activity is carried out by providing education through lectures and questions and answers. The results of this activity are very useful for increasing community knowledge and abilities. The results of the evaluation of the activity process show that the community understands how to realize a tourist hamlet in Semboro Hamlet, Jember Regency.

Biosaka fertilizer production training is an educational program designed to provide practical knowledge and skills in the production of organic fertilizer through fermentation of natural ingredients. Biosaccharine fertilizer, which is made from plant residues, animal waste and certain microorganisms, offers an environmentally friendly and efficient solution for improving soil fertility and plant health. This training includes an introduction to materials and tools, the fermentation process, and the application of biosaccharide fertilizer to various types of plants. Through this approach, participants—including farmers, agricultural extension workers, and other individuals—are expected to be able to produce high-quality biochemical fertilizer independently. It is hoped that the results of this training will reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers and support sustainable agricultural practices that are more economical and environmentally friendly.

Pesticides are all chemicals and other materials as well as microbes and viruses that are used to eradicate or prevent pests and diseases that damage plants. The majority of farmers use chemical pesticides because they are easy to apply practically, fast reaction, and more efficient. Vegetable pesticides or biopesticides are solutions of organic insecticide compounds that function as plant pest control and are environmentally friendly because the active ingredients are easily decomposed in nature. Compiled from the Village Information System page, it is known that the SDGs score of Lebo Village, the point of the village caring for the land environment, is at a percentage of 33.33%, which indicates that the aspect of caring for the land environment in Lebo Village is still low. Based on these conditions, students try to help improve village development in the aspect of land environmental care. The vegetable pesticide socialization activity is one of the activities of the KKN-T Bela Negara of UPN 'Veteran' East Java Students. The socialization was held on Saturday, July 27, 2024. The target of this vegetable pesticide socialization was attended by 18 PKK RW 05 women in Lebo Village, Sidoarjo, consisting of 3 RTs, namely RT 16, 17, and 18. 

Balongwono Village has the potential of natural resources that are very dominant, namely corn agricultural products and some of the Balongwono Village people make a living as corn farmers. The purpose of the socialization carried out by group 1 KKNT Bela Negara UPN "Veteran" East Java is to increase public knowledge about the use of corn and utilize corn to be more effective, innovative, and efficient which can be traded and can improve the economy of housewives in Balongwono Village. It is hoped that with this socialization activity, this "Corn Chick" corn nugget can become a superior innovation product that has high selling value. The method used is The method of implementation in the innovation activity of utilizing natural resources in the form of corn is carried out by learning by doing, the first stage is sharing recipes, the second is sharing knowledge by explaining the ingredients used and the process of making products, the tools needed, how to store and serve, finally student group 1 demonstrates how to process the product. The results of this service are that students have succeeded in socializing the use of corn and participants can absorb the knowledge that has been given.

This research was conducted because Sungai Pakning Village, Bengkalis Regency, was one of the areas that experienced land and forest fires that occurred in Riau Province in 2015. So far, peatland management has often failed, both by the government and companies. One of their failures is that they only focus on land restoration and ignore community empowerment. With the independent peat village program created by PT. Pertamina RU II Production, Sungai Pakning, Bengkalis Regency. Among the independent peat village programs, there is an environmental conservation program which has become the center of attention for environmental observers, namely the development of peat forests to manage pineapple products. This research aims to determine the capacity development of the Tunas Makmur Farmer group in managing pineapple products and to find out what are the supporting factors for capacity development in the Tunas Makmur Farmer group in Sungai Pakning, Bengkalis Regency. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. Data was obtained through interviews and field observations. The results of this research show that the capacity development measure according to Ilato has demonstrated good capacity in aspects of organizational structure, decision making processes, work procedures and mechanisms and inter-organizational relationships. Good capacity development is supported by 1) facilities and infrastructure, which are being developed continuously, 2) good cooperation between various parties or institutions involved in developing the capacity of the Tunas Makmur Farmers Group.

Batam City, as a rapidly growing industrial center, faces major challenges in allocating agricultural land for farmers who need legal certainty over the land they manage. The background of the problem in this study is the conflict of interest between industrial development and the need for agricultural land protection, which often sacrifices farmers' rights and causes legal uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of the government in allocating land for farmers in Batam City and to provide policy recommendations that can increase legal certainty over agricultural land. The research method used is a normative and empirical juridical approach, which includes an analysis of relevant laws and regulations such as Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles, Law Number 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land, and Law Number 19 of 2013 concerning the Protection and Empowerment of Farmers. Primary data was collected through interviews with farmers, government officials, and other stakeholders, while secondary data was obtained from legal literature, policy documents, and previous case studies.The results of the study show that the implementation of land allocation for farmers in Batam City has not been optimal. Farmers often do not get adequate legal certainty because the allocated land can be revoked at any time by the government for the benefit of industrial development. The main obstacles identified include conflicts of interest between economic development and agricultural land protection, lack of legal certainty, weak coordination and oversight, development and urbanization pressures, and lack of supporting infrastructure. As a suggestion, this study recommends that the Batam City Government develop a balanced and inclusive spatial planning policy, accelerate the land certification process for farmers, improve coordination between institutions, and invest in agricultural infrastructure development. In addition, farmers are expected to strengthen their organizations to advocate for their rights, while the people of Batam City need to actively participate in the process of land use planning and monitoring to ensure sustainable and equitable development.  

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the agricultural and environmental sectors in Karangmulyo Village. Community gardens and parks that were once well-maintained are now experiencing a decline in quality and productivity. This village nursery revitalization program aims to overcome the negative impacts of the pandemic, restore land function, and increase the spirit of the women farmer community. Revitalization steps include improving infrastructure, planting adaptive crops, and implementing sustainable agricultural techniques. In addition, this program also emphasizes the importance of community involvement and solidarity through mutual cooperation and discussion activities. It is hoped that this revitalization can improve the welfare of the community as a whole and ensure the sustainability of the village environment

This research discusses the role of environmental law in preventing environmental damage and pollution with a case study of illegal shrimp farmers in the Karimunjawa National Park Area. The Karimun Jawa National Park area is an ecosystem that is rich in biodiversity and has vital ecological functions. However, illegal shrimp farming activities in this area have caused significant environmental damage, including decreased water quality and damage to mangrove habitats.This research uses a normative juridical approach to analyze applicable environmental legal regulations and policies as well as the effectiveness of law enforcement in preventing and dealing with the activities of illegal shrimp farmers. The research results show that although there are clear regulations regarding environmental protection, implementation and enforcement of the law are still weak. Lack of coordination between institutions, minimal human resources, and technical obstacles in the field are the main inhibiting factors in enforcing environmental law. This research recommends increasing law enforcement capacity, increasing coordination between institutions, and strengthening local community participation in environmental protection efforts in the Karimunjawa National Park Area. With these steps, it is hoped that environmental damage and pollution due to illegal activities can be minimized.

Most dairy farmers in our country still rely on human labor to monitor the condition of their farm areas. The current problem is the manual security system for barns, meaning that the barns need to be constantly checked around the area at all times. This is especially risky at night, when livestock theft is more likely to occur. This research implements PIR sensor technology to monitor movements around the barn, MC-38 magnetic sensors for gate security, and utilizes Android smartphones as devices to display barn data processing results, allowing real-time monitoring of barn security. The research is conducted using the Research and Development (R&D) method by Borg & Gall, encompassing only six steps. The results of the system evaluation by experts show a score of 3, falling between 2.1 – 3.0, categorized as Valid. User validation results show a score of 27.2, also falling between 2.1 – 3.0, categorized as Effective.